Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS: Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme#
What is SUEWS?#
Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) [Järvi et al., 2011, Ward et al., 2016] is a neighbourhood/local-scale urban land surface model to simulate the urban radiation, energy and water balances using only commonly measured meteorological variables and information about the surface cover. SUEWS utilises an evaporation-interception approach [Grimmond and Oke, 1991], similar to that used in forests, to model evaporation from urban surfaces.

Overview of SUEWS#
The model uses seven surface types: paved, buildings, evergreen trees/shrubs, deciduous trees/shrubs, grass, bare soil and water. The surface state for each surface type at each time step is calculated from the running water balance of the canopy where the evaporation is calculated from the Penman-Monteith equation. The soil moisture below each surface type (excluding water) is taken into account. Horizontal movement of water above and below ground level is allowed.

The seven surface types considered in SUEWS#
How to get SUEWS?#
Please follow the guidance in Installation to get SUEWS.
How to use SUEWS?#
For existing users:
Overview of changes in this version, see Version 2020a (released on 14 May 2020). If these changes impact your existing simulations, please see appropriate parts of the manual. It may be necessary to adapt some of your input files for for the current version.
Tip
A helper python script, SUEWS table converter, is provided to help facilitate the conversion of input files between different SUEWS versions.
Additionally, the manuals for previous versions can be accessed in respective sections under Version History.
For new users:
Before performing SUEWS simulations, new users should read the overview Introduction, then follow the steps in Workflow of using SUEWS to prepare input files for SUEWS.
Note there are tutorials learning about running SUEWS available the tutorial.
How to get help in using SUEWS?#
Please let us know in the UMEP Community. The developers and other users are willing to help you.
How has SUEWS been used?#
The scientific details and application examples of SUEWS can be found in SUEWS-related Publications.
How to cite SUEWS?#
Please go to our Zenodo repository for a proper citation of SUEWS.
Tip
Visit the repositories below for different citation styles.
How to support SUEWS?#
Cite SUEWS appropriately in your work.
Contribute to the development.
Report issues via the GitHub page.
Provide suggestions and feedback.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Installation#
Formal releases#
Since 2023, SUEWS is available as a command line tool via its Python wrapper package SuPy (SUEWS in Python) on PyPI and conda-forge.
Note
The Fortran-based binaries build prior to 2023 are still available at the SUEWS download page. However, they are not maintained anymore so users are encouraged to use the Python-based packages instead.
Installing Python#
These instructions will set you up with mamba, which makes it easy to install and manage Python packages.
To install the mamba
Python distribution follow the mamba installation instructions.
This makes installing supy
and many other packages in the scientific Python ecosystem much easier and quicker.
It also provides many pre-compiled binaries that are not available on PyPI.
Tip
mamba
is a drop-in replacement for conda
(another widely used Python package manager):
mamba
is faster and solves some common problems with conda
.
More details about mamba
can be found at mamba.
Development build#
The development build can be highly unstable and is not recommended for production use. However, it is automatically constructed every week for testing purposes and we are happy to receive feedback on the development build.
To install the development build of SUEWS, you need to install supy
in the development mode:
git clone the repository:
git clone https://github.com/UMEP-dev/SUEWS.git
navigate to the directory of the cloned repository:
cd SUEWS
install the package in the development mode:
make dev
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Workflow of using SUEWS#
The following is to help with the model setup. Note that there are also starting tutorials for the version of SUEWS in UMEP. The version there is the same (i.e. the executable) as the standalone version so you can swap to that later once you have some familiarity.
Preparatory reading#
Read the manual and relevant papers (and references therein):
Järvi, L., Grimmond, C. S. B., Taka, M., Nordbo, A., Setälä, H., and Strachan, I. B. Development of the surface urban energy and water balance scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities. Geosci. Model Dev., 7(4):1691–1711, August 2014. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014.
Järvi, L., Grimmond, C.S.B., and Christen, A. The surface urban energy and water balance scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver. J. Hydrol., 411(3-4):219–237, December 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.001.
Ward, H.C., Kotthaus, S., Järvi, L., and Grimmond, C.S.B. Surface urban energy and water balance scheme (SUEWS): Development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Clim., 18:1–32, December 2016. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001.
Decide what type of model run you are interested in#
Available in this release |
|
---|---|
SUEWS at a point or for an individual area |
Yes |
SUEWS for multiple grids or areas |
Yes |
SUEWS with Boundary Layer (BL) |
Yes |
SUEWS with snow |
Yes |
Download the program and example data files#
Visit the SUEWS download page to receive a link to download the program and example data files.
Select the appropriate compiled version for your platform to download.
There is also a python-based version in UMEP under the QGIS environment.
For python users, SuPy
- a python wrapper for SUEWS - is also available.
Note, as the definition of long double precision varies between computers (e.g. Mac vs Windows) slightly different results may occur in the output files.
Test/example files are shipped in the archive with the SUEWS executable, which are based on measurements of the London KCL site, 2011 data (denoted Kc11
)
In the following, SS
is the site code (e.g. Kc
), ss
the grid ID, YYYY
the year and tt
the time interval.
Filename |
Description |
Input/output |
---|---|---|
Meteorological input |
Input file (60-min) |
|
Meteorological input |
Input file (5-min) |
|
Initial conditions |
Input - _YYYY.nml(+) file |
|
Property look-up tables |
Input text files containing all other input information |
|
Sets model run |
Input (located in options main directory) |
|
Summary of model run |
Output options |
|
(Optional) 5-min |
Output resolution output file |
|
60-min resolution |
Output output file |
|
Daily state variables |
Output (all years in one file) |
(+) There is a second file InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY_EndOfRun.nml or InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY+1.nml in the input directory. At the end of the run, and at the end of each year of the run, these files are written out so that this information could be used to initialize further model runs.
Run the model for example data#
Before running the model with your own data, check that you get the same results as the test run example files provided. Copy the example output files elsewhere so you can compare the results. When you run the program it will write over the supplied files.
To run the model you can use Command Prompt (in the directory where the programme is located type the model name) or just double click the executable file.
Please see Troubleshooting if you have problems running the model.
Preparation of data#
Tip
If you need help preparing the data you can use some of the UMEP tools.
The information required to run SUEWS for your site consists of:
Continuous meteorological forcing data for the entire period to be modelled without gaps.
Knowledge of the surface and soil conditions immediately prior to the first model timestep.
Note
If these initial conditions are unknown, model spin-up can help; i.e. run the model and use the output at the end of the run to infer the conditions at the start of the main run). Spin-up is important for getting appropriate initial conditions for the model. An example of a spin-up can be found in Kokkonen et al. [2018].
The location of the site (latitude, longitude, altitude).
Information about the characteristics of the surface, including land cover, heights of buildings and trees, radiative characteristics (e.g. albedo, emissivity), drainage characteristics, soil characteristics, snow characteristics, phenological characteristics (e.g. seasonal cycle of LAI).
Note
For guidance on how to derive parameters related to LAI, albedo, surface conductance and surface roughness, the reader is referred to this link.
Information about human behaviour, including energy use and water use (e.g. for irrigation or street cleaning) and snow clearing (if applicable).
Note
The anthropogenic energy use and water use may be provided as a time series in the meteorological forcing file (by setting
EmissionsMethod
= 0) if these data are available or modelled based on parameters provided to the model, including population density, hourly and weekly profiles of energy and water use, information about the proportion of properties using irrigation and the type of irrigation (automatic or manual).
It is particularly important to ensure the following input information is appropriate and representative of the site:
Fractions of different land cover types and (less so) heights of buildings [Ward et al., 2016]
Accurate meteorological forcing data, particularly precipitation and incoming shortwave radiation [Kokkonen et al., 2018]
Initial soil moisture conditions [Best and Grimmond, 2014]
Anthropogenic heat flux parameters, particularly if there are considerable energy emissions from transport, buildings, metabolism, etc [Ward et al., 2016].
External water use (if irrigation or street cleaning occurs)
Snow clearing (if running the snow option)
Surface conductance parameterisation [Järvi et al., 2011, Ward et al., 2016]
SUEWS can be run either for an individual area or for multiple areas. There is no requirement for the areas to be of any particular shape but here we refer to them as model ‘grids’.
Preparation of site characteristics and model parameters#
The area to be modelled is described by a set of characteristics that are specified in the SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt file. Each row corresponds to one model grid for one year (i.e. running a single grid over three years would require three rows; running two grids over two years would require four rows). Characteristics are often selected by a code for a particular set of conditions. For example, a specific soil type (links to SUEWS_Soil.txt) or characteristics of deciduous trees in a particular region (links to SUEWS_Veg.txt). The intent is to build a library of characteristics for different types of urban areas. The codes are specified by the user, must be integer values and must be unique within the first column of each input file, otherwise the model will return an error.
Note
The first column of SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt the is labelled ‘Grid’ and can contain repeat values for different years. See Input files for details. Note UMEP maybe helpful for components of this.
Land cover#
For each grid, the land cover must be classified using the following surface types:
Classification |
Surface type |
File where characteristics are specified |
---|---|---|
Non-vegetated |
Paved surfaces |
|
Building |
||
Bare soil |
||
Vegetation |
Evergreen trees |
|
Deciduous trees |
||
Grass |
||
Water |
Water |
|
Snow |
Snow |
The surface cover fractions (i.e. proportion of the grid taken up by each surface) must be specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. The surface cover fractions are critical, so make certain that the different surface cover fractions are appropriate for your site.
For some locations, land cover information may be already available (e.g. from various remote sensing resources). If not, websites like Bing Maps and Google Maps allow you to see aerial images of your site and can be used to estimate the relative proportion of each land cover type. If detailed spatial datasets are available, UMEP allows for a direct link to a GIS environment using QGIS.
Anthropogenic heat flux (QF)#
You can either model QF within SUEWS or provide it as an input.
To model it population density is needed as an input for LUMPS and SUEWS to calculate QF.
If you have no information about the population of the site we recommend that you use the LUCY model [Allen et al., 2010, Lindberg et al., 2013] to estimate the anthropogenic heat flux which can then be provided as input SUEWS along with the meteorological forcing data.
Alternatively, you can use the updated version of LUCY called LQF, which is included in UMEP.
Other information#
The surface cover fractions and population density can have a major impact on the model output. However, it is important to consider the suitability of all parameters for your site. Using inappropriate parameters may result in the model returning an error or, worse, generating output that is simply not representative of your site. Please read the section on Input files. Recommended or reasonable ranges of values are suggested for some parameters, along with important considerations for how to select appropriate values for your site.
Data Entry#
To create the series of input text files describing the characteristics of your site, there are three options:
Data can be entered directly into the input text files. The example (.txt) files provide a template to create your own files which can be edited with A text editor directly.
Use UMEP.
Note that in all txt files:
The first two rows are headers: the first row is the column number; the second row is the column name.
The names and order of the columns should not be altered from the templates, as these are checked by the model and errors will be returned if particular columns cannot be found.
Since v2017a it is no longer necessary for the meteorological forcing data to have two rows with -9 in column 1 as their last two rows.
“!” indicates a comment, so any text following “!” on the same line will not be read by the model.
If data are unavailable or not required, enter the value -999 in the correct place in the input file.
Ensure the units are correct for all input information. See Input files for a description of parameters.
In addition to these text files, the following files are also needed to run the model.
Preparation of the RunControl file#
In the RunControl.nml file the site name (SS
) and directories for the model input and output are given. This means before running the model (even the with the example datasets) you must either
open the RunControl.nml file and edit the input and output file paths and the site name (with a A text editor) so that they are correct for your setup, or
create the directories specified in the RunControl.nml file
From the given site identification the model identifies the input files and generates the output files. For example if you specify:
FileOutputPath = “C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\”
and use site code SS the model creates an output file:
C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\SSss_YYYY_TT.txt
Note
The path separator differs between Windows (backslash: \
) and Linux/Mac (slash, or forward slash: /
).
If the file paths are not correct the program will return an error when run and write the error to the Error messages: problems.txt file.
Preparation of the Meteorological forcing data#
The model time-step is specified in RunControl.nml (5 min is highly recommended). If meteorological forcing data are not available at this resolution, SUEWS has the option to downscale (e.g. hourly) data to the time-step required. See details about the SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt to learn more about choices of data input. Each grid can have its own meteorological forcing file, or a single file can be used for all grids. The forcing data should be representative of the local-scale, i.e. collected (or derived) above the height of the roughness elements (buildings and trees).
Preparation of the InitialConditions file#
Information about the surface state and meteorological conditions just before the start of the run are provided in the Initial Conditions file. At the very start of the run, each grid can have its own Initial Conditions file, or a single file can be used for all grids. For details see Initial Conditions file.
Run the model for your site#
To run the model you can use Command Prompt (in the directory where the programme is located type the model name) or just double click the executable file.
Please see Troubleshooting if you have problems running the model.
Analyse the output#
It is a good idea to perform initial checks that the model output looks reasonable.
Characteristic |
Things to check |
---|---|
Leaf area index |
|
Kdown |
|
Albedo |
|
Summary of files#
The table below lists the files required to run SUEWS and the output files produced.
SS
is the two-letter code (specified in RunControl.nml) representing the site name, ss is the grid identification (integer values between 0 and 2,147,483,647 (largest 4-byte integer)) and YYYY
is the year.
TT
is the resolution of the input/output file and tt is the model time-step.
The last column indicates whether the files are needed/produced once per run (1/run), or once per day (1/day), for each year (1/year) or for each grid (1/grid):
[B] indicates files used with the CBL part of SUEWS (BLUEWS) and therefore are only needed/produced if this option is selected
[E] indicates files associated with ESTM storage heat flux models and therefore are only needed/produced if this option is selected
Get in contact#
For issues met in using SUEWS, we recommend the following ways to get in contact with the developers and the SUEWS community:
Report issues on our GitHub page.
Ask for help by joining the Email-list for SUEWS.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Input files#
SUEWS allows you to input a large number of parameters to describe the characteristics of your site. You should not assume that the example values provided in files or in the tables below are appropriate. Values marked with ‘MD’ are examples of recommended values (see the suggested references to help decide how appropriate these are for your site/model domain); values marked with ‘MU’ need to be set (i.e. changed from the example) for your site/model domain.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
RunControl.nml#
The file RunControl.nml is a namelist that specifies the options for the model run. It must be located in the same directory as the executable file.
A sample file of RunControl.nml looks like
&RunControl
CBLUse=0
SnowUse=0
SOLWEIGUse=0
NetRadiationMethod=3
EmissionsMethod=2
StorageHeatMethod=3
OHMIncQF=0
StabilityMethod=2
RoughLenHeatMethod=2
RoughLenMomMethod=2
SMDMethod=0
WaterUseMethod=0
FileCode='Saeve'
FileInputPath="./Input/"
FileOutputPath="./Output/"
MultipleMetFiles=0
MultipleInitFiles=0
MultipleESTMFiles=1
KeepTstepFilesIn=1
KeepTstepFilesOut=1
WriteOutOption=2
ResolutionFilesOut=3600
Tstep=300
ResolutionFilesIn=3600
ResolutionFilesInESTM=3600
DisaggMethod=1
RainDisaggMethod=100
DisaggMethodESTM=1
SuppressWarnings=1
KdownZen=0
diagnose=0
/
Note
In Linux and Mac, please add an empty line after the end slash.
The file is not case-sensitive.
The parameters and variables can appear in any order.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Scheme options#
- CBLUse#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether a CBL slab model is used to calculate temperature and humidity.
- Configuration
- SnowUse#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether the snow part of the model runs.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Snow calculations are not performed.
1
Snow calculations are performed.
- NetRadiationMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculation of radiation fluxes.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Uses observed values of Q* supplied in meteorological forcing file.
1
Q* modelled with L↓ observations supplied in meteorological forcing file. Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
2
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using cloud cover fraction supplied in meteorological forcing file [Loridan et al., 2011]. Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
3
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using air temperature and relative humidity supplied in meteorological forcing file [Loridan et al., 2011]. Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
11
Same as
1
but with L↑ modelled using surface temperature Not recommended in this version.12
Same as
2
but with L↑ modelled using surface temperature Not recommended in this version.13
Same as
3
but with L↑ modelled using surface temperature Not recommended in this version.100
Q* modelled with L↓ observations supplied in meteorological forcing file. Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
200
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using cloud cover fraction supplied in meteorological forcing file [Loridan et al., 2011]. Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
300
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using air temperature and relative humidity supplied in meteorological forcing file [Loridan et al., 2011]. Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
1001
Q* modelled with SPARTACUS-Surface (SS) but with L↓ modelled as in
1
. Experimental in this version.1002
Q* modelled with SPARTACUS-Surface (SS) but with L↓ modelled as in
2
. Experimental in this version.1003
Q* modelled with SPARTACUS-Surface (SS) but with L↓ modelled as in
3
. Experimental in this version.
- BaseTMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for base temperature used in HDD/CDD calculations.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
V-shape approach: a single
BaseT_HC
is used2
U-shape approach:
TCritic_Heating_WD
(TCritic_Heating_WE
) andTCritic_Cooling_WD
(TCritic_Cooling_WE
) are used for HDD and CDD calculations in weekdays (weekends), respectively.
- EmissionsMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for QF calculation.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Uses values provided in the meteorological forcing file (SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt). If you do not want to include QF to the calculation of surface energy balance, you should set values in the meteorological forcing file to zero to prevent calculation of QF. UMEP provides two methods to calculate QF LQF which is simpler GQF which is more complete but requires more data inputs
1
Not recommended in this version. Calculated according to Loridan et al. [2011] using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
2
Recommended in this version. Calculated according to Järvi et al. [2011] using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt and diurnal patterns specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
3
Updated Loridan et al. [2011] method using daily (not instantaneous) air temperature (HDD(id-1,3)) using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt.
4
Järvi et al. [2019] method, in addition to anthropogenic heat due to building energy use calculated by Järvi et al. [2011], that due to metabolism and traffic is also calculated using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt and diurnal patterns specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
- StorageHeatMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating storage heat flux ΔQS.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Uses observed values of ΔQS supplied in meteorological forcing file.
1
ΔQS modelled using the objective hysteresis model (OHM) [Grimmond et al., 1991] using parameters specified for each surface type.
3
ΔQS modelled using AnOHM [Sun et al., 2017]. Not recommended in this version.
4
ΔQS modelled using the Element Surface Temperature Method (ESTM) [Offerle et al., 2005]. Not recommended in this version.
- OHMIncQF#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether the storage heat flux calculation uses Q* or ( Q* +QF).
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
ΔQS modelled Q* only.
1
ΔQS modelled using Q*+QF.
- StabilityMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Defines which atmospheric stability functions are used.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Not used.
1
Not used.
2
Momentum:
Not recommended in this version.
3
Momentum: Campbell and Norman [1998] (Eq 7.27, Pg97)
Heat
Recommended in this version.
4
Not recommended in this version.
- RoughLenHeatMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating roughness length for heat.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Uses value of 0.1*z0m.
2
Calculated according to Kawai et al. [2009].
3
Calculated according to Voogt and Grimmond [2000].
4
Calculated according to Kanda et al. [2007].
5
Adaptively using z0m based on pervious coverage: if fully pervious, use method
1
; otherwise, use method2
.Recommended in this version.
- RoughLenMomMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines how aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) and zero displacement height (zdm) are calculated.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Values specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are used.
2
z0m and zd are calculated using ‘rule of thumb’ [Grimmond and Oke, 1999] using mean building and tree height specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. z0m and zd are adjusted with time to account for seasonal variation in porosity of deciduous trees.
3
z0m and zd are calculated based on the Macdonald et al. [1998] method using mean building and tree heights, plan area fraction and frontal areal index specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. z0m and zd are adjusted with time to account for seasonal variation in porosity of deciduous trees.
- SMDMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating soil moisture deficit (SMD).
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
SMD modelled using parameters specified in SUEWS_Soil.txt. Recommended in this version.
1
Observed SM provided in the meteorological forcing file is used. Data are provided as volumetric soil moisture content. Metadata must be provided in SUEWS_Soil.txt.
2
Observed SM provided in the meteorological forcing file is used. Data are provided as gravimetric soil moisture content. Metadata must be provided in SUEWS_Soil.txt.
- SOLWEIGUse#
Deprecated since version v2020a.
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether SOLWEIG is used to calculate detailed radiation balance of all facets.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
SOLWEIG calculations are not performed.
1
SOLWEIG calculations are performed. A grid of mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is calculated based on high resolution digital surface models.
- WaterUseMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Defines how external water use is calculated.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
External water use modelled using parameters specified in SUEWS_Irrigation.txt.
1
Observations of external water use provided in the meteorological forcing file are used.
- DiagMethod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Defines how near surface diagnostics are calculated.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Use MOST to calculate near surface diagnostics.
1
Use RST to calculate near surface diagnostics.
1
Use a set of criteria based on plan area index, frontal area index and heights of roughness elements to determine if RSL or MOST should be used.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS Site Information#
Note
We use the following codes for denoting the requirement level of various input variables/parameters for SUEWS throughout this section:
- MU#
Parameters which must be supplied and must be specific for the site/grid being run.
- MD#
Parameters which must be supplied and must be specific for the site/grid being run (but default values may be ok if these values are not known specifically for the site).
- O#
Parameters that are optional, depending on the model settings in RunControl.nml. Set any parameters that are not used/not known to ‘-999’.
- L#
Codes that are used to link between the input files, which must
be specified in the correct way to link the main and sub-reference files (similar to key-value pairs);
be integers and unique in column 1 of corresponding input files; and
match up with column 1 of the corresponding input file, even if those parameters are not used (in which case set all columns except column 1 to ‘-999’ in the corresponding input file), otherwise the model run will fail.
We use the following codes for denoting the typical land cover/entity types of SUEWS throughout this section:
- Paved#
Paved surface
- Bldgs#
Building surface
- EveTr#
Evergreen trees and shrubs
- DecTr#
Deciduous trees and shrubs
- Grass#
Grass surface
- BSoil#
Unmanaged land and/or bare soil
- Water#
Water surface
- Runoff#
The water that drains freely off the impervious surface
- SoilStore#
The water stored in the underlying soil that infiltrates from the pervious surface
The following text files provide SUEWS with information about the study area.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt#
Note
Changed in version v2019a: this file is renamed from SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
(prior to v2019a) to include more emission related settings.
SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt provides the parameters needed to model the anthropogenic heat flux using either the method of Loridan et al. [2011] based on air temperature (EmissionsMethod
= 1 in RunControl.nml) or the method of Järvi et al. [2011] based on heating and cooling degree days (EmissionsMethod
= 2 in RunControl.nml).
For the method of Järvi et al. [2011] (EmissionsMethod
= 2 in RunControl.nml), one can further configure the scheme for calculting HDD/ CDD via BaseTMethod
in RunControl.nml:
BaseTMethod
= 1 (“V-shape” approach): a singleBaseT_HC
is used by omitting the comfort range where neither heating nor cooling is activated.BaseTMethod
= 2 (“U-shape” approach):TCritic_Heating_WD
(TCritic_Heating_WE
) andTCritic_Cooling_WD
(TCritic_Cooling_WE
) are used for HDD and CDD calculations in weekdays (weekends), respectively, which allows a comfort range betweenTCritic_Heating_WD
(TCritic_Heating_WE
) andTCritic_Cooling_WD
(TCritic_Cooling_WE
).
The sub-daily variation in anthropogenic heat flux is modelled according to the daily cycles specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
Alternatively, if available, the anthropogenic heat flux can be provided in the met forcing file (and set EmissionsMethod
= 0 in RunControl.nml) by filling the qf
column with valid values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C] |
||
3 |
Base value for QF on weekdays [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1 ] |
||
4 |
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
||
5 |
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
||
6 |
Base value for QF on weekends [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
||
7 |
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
||
8 |
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
||
9 |
Minimum QF on weekdays [W m-2] |
||
10 |
Minimum QF on weekends [W m-2] |
||
11 |
Heating slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1] |
||
12 |
Heating slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1] |
||
13 |
Cooling slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1] |
||
14 |
Cooling slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1] |
||
15 |
Critical heating temperature on weekdays [°C] |
||
16 |
Critical heating temperature on weekends [°C] |
||
17 |
Critical cooling temperature on weekdays [°C] |
||
18 |
Critical cooling temperature on weekends [°C] |
||
19 |
Code linking to |
||
20 |
Code linking to |
||
21 |
Code linking to |
||
22 |
Code linking to |
||
23 |
Code for traffic activity profile (weekdays) linking to |
||
24 |
Code for traffic activity profile (weekends) linking to |
||
25 |
Code for population density profile (weekdays) linking to |
||
26 |
Code for population density profile (weekends) linking to |
||
27 |
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2] |
||
28 |
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2] |
||
29 |
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2] |
||
30 |
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2] |
||
31 |
Fraction of weekend population to weekday population. [-] |
||
32 |
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building heating [-] |
||
33 |
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building energy use [-] |
||
34 |
Emission factor for fuels used for building heating. |
||
35 |
Emission factor for heat [J k m-1 ]. |
||
36 |
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] |
||
37 |
CO2 emission factor for weekends [kg km-1] |
||
38 |
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1] |
||
39 |
Units for the traffic rate for the study area. Not used in v2018a. |
An example SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Code BaseTHDD QF_A_WD QF_B_WD QF_C_WD QF_A_WE QF_B_WE QF_C_WE AHMin_WD AHMin_WE AHSlope_Heating_WD AHSlope_Heating_WE AHSlope_Cooling_WD AHSlope_Cooling_WE TCritic_Heating_WD TCritic_Heating_WE TCritic_Cooling_WD TCritic_Cooling_WE EnergyUseProfWD EnergyUseProfWE ActivityProfWD ActivityProfWE TraffProfWD TraffProfWE PopProfWD PopProfWE MinQFMetab MaxQFMetab MinFCMetab MaxFCMetab FrPDDwe FrFossilFuel_Heat FrFossilFuel_NonHeat EF_umolCO2perJ EnEF_v_Jkm FcEF_v_kgkmWD FcEF_v_kgkmWE CO2PointSource TrafficUnits
10 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0102 0.1000 0.0099 0.0102 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
11 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
551 18.2000 0.1446 0.0000 0.0037 0.1329 0.0000 0.0038 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
5512 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
661 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
2 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0200 0.1000 0.0099 0.0200 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
3 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0300 0.1000 0.0099 0.0300 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
4 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0400 0.1000 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
51 18.2000 0.1217 0.0099 0.0400 0.1156 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
52 18.2000 0.1702 0.0099 0.0400 0.1446 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
53 18.2000 0.0772 0.0099 0.0400 0.0754 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
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Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt#
Caution
The BiogenCO2 part is under development and not ready for use.
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt provides the parameters needed to model the Biogenic CO2 characteristics of vegetation surfaces.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
The mean apparent ecosystem quantum. Represents the initial slope of the light-response curve. |
||
3 |
The light-saturated gross photosynthesis of the canopy. [umol m-2 s-1 ] |
||
4 |
The convexity of the curve at light saturation. |
||
5 |
Part of the |
||
6 |
Part of the |
||
7 |
Respiration coefficient a. |
||
8 |
Respiration coefficient b - related to air temperature dependency. |
||
9 |
Minimum soil respiration rate (for cold-temperature limit) [umol m-2 s-1]. |
An example SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Code alpha beta theta alpha_enh beta_enh resp_a resp_b min_respi
11 0.044 43.35 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! London/Swindon , plant canopies, Ruimy et al. (1995)
12 0.0593 35 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! Hardwood forest, Schmid et al. (2000)
13 0.0205 16.3 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! Temperate grassland, Flanagan et al. (2002)
21 0.031 17.793 0.723 -999 -999 3.229 0.0329 0.6 ! Helsinki
31 0.005 8.747 0.96 0.016 33.454 2.43 0 0.6 ! Helsinki
32 0.004 8.747 0.96 0.016 33.353 2.43 0 0.6 ! Helsinki test
-9
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Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_Conductance.txt#
SUEWS_Conductance.txt contains the parameters needed for the Jarvis
(1976) [Jarvis, 1976] surface conductance model used in the modelling of evaporation in
SUEWS. These values should not be changed independently of each
other. The suggested values below have been derived using datasets for
Los Angeles and Vancouver (see Järvi et al. [2011]) and should be
used with gsModel
= 1. An alternative formulation ( gsModel
=2) uses
slightly different functional forms and different coefficients (with
different units).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1] |
||
3 |
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2] |
||
4 |
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on |
||
5 |
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on |
||
6 |
Related to temperature dependence [°C] |
||
7 |
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1] |
||
8 |
Upper air temperature limit [°C] |
||
9 |
Lower air temperature limit [°C] |
||
10 |
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [-] |
||
11 |
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [mm] |
||
12 |
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
||
13 |
Formulation choice for conductance calculation. |
An example SUEWS_Conductance.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Code G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 TH TL S1 S2 Kmax gsModel
100 16.4764 566.0923 0.2163 3.3649 11.0764 0.0176 40 0 0.45 15 1200 1 ! Default Jarvi et al. (2011) gsModel=1
200 3.5 200 0.13 0.7 30 0.05 55 -10 5.56 0 1200 2 ! Updated Ward et al. (2016) gsModel=2
-9
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Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_Irrigation.txt#
External water use may be used for a wide range of reasons (e.g. cleaning roads, irrigating plants, fountains, washing cars).
SUEWS has two options for External Water use (if non-zero):
provide observed data in meteorological forcing file in the
Wuh
column with valid values by settingWaterUseMethod
= 1 in RunControl.nmla simple model that calculates daily water use from the mean daily air temperature, number of days since rain and fraction of irrigated area using automatic/manual irrigation. The user needs to supply coefficients (XXX) for these relations.
sub-daily pattern of water use is detemined from the daily cycles specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
surface that the water can be applied to is specified by XX.
water can pond.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Day when irrigation starts [DOY] |
||
3 |
Day when irrigation ends [DOY] |
||
4 |
Internal water use [mm h-1] |
||
5 |
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems |
||
6 |
water depth to maintain used in automatic irrigation (e.g., ponding water due to flooding irrigation in rice crop-field) [mm]. |
||
7 |
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 ] |
||
8 |
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1] |
||
9 |
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-2 ] |
||
10 |
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 ] |
||
11 |
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1] |
||
12 |
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-2 ] |
||
13 |
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0] |
||
14 |
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0] |
||
15 |
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0] |
||
16 |
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0] |
||
17 |
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0] |
||
18 |
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0] |
||
19 |
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0] |
||
20 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1] |
||
21 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1] |
||
22 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1] |
||
23 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1] |
||
24 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1] |
||
25 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1] |
||
26 |
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1] |
An example SUEWS_Irrigation.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code Ie_start Ie_end InternalWaterUse Faut Ie_a1 Ie_a2 Ie_a3 Ie_m1 Ie_m2 Ie_m3 DayWat(1) DayWat(2) DayWat(3) DayWat(4) DayWat(5) DayWat(6) DayWat(7) DayWatPer(1) DayWatPer(2) DayWatPer(3) DayWatPer(4) DayWatPer(5) DayWatPer(6) DayWatPer(7)
99999 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! No irrigation
1 152 243 0 0.2 -84.535 9.959 3.674 -25.36 2.988 1.102 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
550 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Swindon "(not used, no irrigation)"
660 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! London (assume no irrigation at the moment)
-9
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Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt#
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt specifies the characteristics for the non-vegetated
surface cover types (Paved
, Bldgs
, BSoil
) by linking codes in column 1
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt to the codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt
(Code_Paved
, Code_Bldgs
, Code_BSoil
). Each row should correspond to a
particular surface type. For suggestions on how to complete this table,
see: Typical Values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
||
3 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
||
4 |
Effective surface emissivity. |
||
5 |
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
||
6 |
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
||
7 |
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
||
8 |
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
||
9 |
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
||
10 |
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
||
11 |
Coefficient b [-] used in |
||
12 |
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to |
||
13 |
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm] |
||
14 |
Limit of the snow water equivalent for snow removal from roads and roofs [mm] |
||
15 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
16 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
17 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
18 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
19 |
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
||
20 |
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
||
21 |
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
22 |
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
||
23 |
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
||
24 |
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_NonVeg.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 SoilTypeCode SnowLimPatch SnowLimRemove OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
100 0.09 0.09 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 3 10 3 50 190 40 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! PAV Helsinki
150 0.15 0.15 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 10 3 60 190 100 750 750 750 750 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! BLDG Helsinki
551 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.6 0.48 3 10 3 551 -999 -999 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! Paved Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
552 0.12 0.12 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.6 0.25 3 10 3 552 -999 -999 799 799 799 799 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! Bldgs Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
553 0.18 0.18 0.94 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 3 10 3 553 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 2000000 1.2 4 ! BSoil Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.12 0.12 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 3 10 3 661 120 10 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 1.5e6 0.1 2 ! Paved London
662 0.15 0.15 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 10 3 661 120 8.5 799 799 799 799 10 0.9 0 6000000 1.3 6 ! Bldgs London
663 0.21 0.21 0.93 1 1 1 1 2 0.013 1.71 661 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 4000000 1.5 5 ! Bsoil (not used) London
703 0.18 0.18 0.94 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 3 10 3 553 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 3500000 1.1 3 ! BSoil UF Fredrik LondonSmall London not used 6
-9
-9
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt#
OHM, the Objective Hysteresis Model [Grimmond et al., 1991] calculates the storage heat flux as a function of net all-wave radiation and surface characteristics.
For each surface, OHM requires three model coefficients (a1, a2, a3). The three should be selected as a set.
The SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt file provides these coefficients for each surface type.
A variety of values has been derived for different materials and can be found in the literature (see: Typical Values).
- Coefficients can be changed depending on:
surface wetness state (wet/dry) based on the calculated surface wetness state and soil moisture.
season (summer/winter) based on a 5-day running mean air temperature.
To use the same coefficients irrespective of wet/dry and summer/winter conditions, use the same code for all four OHM columns (
OHMCode_SummerWet
,OHMCode_SummerDry
,OHMCode_WinterWet
andOHMCode_WinterDry
).
Note
AnOHM (set in RunControl.nml by
StorageHeatMethod
= 3) does not use the coefficients specified in SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt but instead requires three parameters to be specified for each surface type (including snow): heat capacity (AnOHM_Cp
), thermal conductivity (AnOHM_Kk
) and bulk transfer coefficient (AnOHM_Ch
). These are specified in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, SUEWS_Veg.txt, SUEWS_Water.txt and SUEWS_Snow.txt. No additional files are required for AnOHM.AnOHM is under development in v2018b and should NOT be used!
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Coefficient for Q* term [-] |
||
3 |
Coefficient for |
||
4 |
Constant term [W m-2] |
An example SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4
Code a1 a2 a3 ! Surface type Reference Not recommended (NR)
10 0.71 0.04 -39.7 ! "Canyon (E-W), Japan" Yosheida (1990/91)
11 0.32 0.01 -27.7 ! "Canyon, Vancouver" Nunez (1974)
100 0.515 0.025 -33.7 ! Canyon (average)
200 0.336 0.313 -31.4 ! "Vegetation (average). This is the average of Codes 20, 30, 50, 51, 52, 53, 60 (i.e. includes soil and water)."
201 0.215 0.325 -19.85 ! NEW Vegetation only (average of codes 20 and 30).
2011 0.230 0.276 -16.91 ! Code 201 x Mulitplier for summer
2012 0.270 -0.435 6.62 ! Code 201 x Multiplier for winter
20 0.11 0.11 -12.3 ! Mixed Forest McCaughey (1985)
30 0.32 0.54 -27.4 ! Short grass Doll et al. (1985)
50 0.38 0.56 -27.3 ! Bare soil Novak (1982)
51 0.33 0.07 -34.9 ! Bare soil (wet) Fuchs & Hadas (1972)
52 0.35 0.43 -36.5 ! Bare soil (dry) Fuchs & Hadas (1972)
53 0.36 0.27 -42.4 ! Bare soil Asaeda & Ca (1983)
55 0.355 0.335 -35.275 ! "Bare soil (average). This is the average of Codes 50, 51, 52, 53."
551 0.379 0.284 -30.05 ! Code 55 x Mulitplier for summer
552 0.445 -0.448 11.77 ! Code 55 x Mulitplier for winter
60 0.5 0.21 -39.1 ! Water (shallow - turbid) Souch et al. (1998)
601 0.534 0.178 -33.31 ! Code 60 x Multiplier for summer
602 0.627 -0.281 13.05 ! Code 60 x Multiplier for winter
61 0.25 0.6 -30 ! Snow Jarvi et al. (2014)
713 0.17 0.1 -17 ! "Roof (tar and gravel, summer)" summer
701 0.3 0.96 -24 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS < 1 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
702 0.26 0.89 -21 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS 1-1.4 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
703 0.23 0.87 -24 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS 1.5-2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
704 0.23 0.69 -21 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, wet, WS 0.9-1.9 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
705 0.06 0.28 -3 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, bitumen spread over flat industrial membrane, wet & dry, WS 1.1-2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
706 0.15 0.28 -6 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 1 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
707 0.12 0.25 -5 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 1.0-1.4 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
708 0.1 0.23 -6 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
709 0.09 0.18 -1 ! "Roof (STAR, residential, high albedo asphalt shingle, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
710 0.07 0.26 -6 ! "Roof (STAR, Japanese ceramic tile)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
711 0.06 0.43 -4 ! "Roof (STAR, slate tile, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
712 0.07 0.06 -5 ! "Roof (STAR, clay tile, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
750 0.19 0.54 -15.125 ! "Roof (own for SMEAR III, Helsinki)" Jarvi et al. (2014)
751 0.12 0.24 -4.5 ! Own for Montreal suburban (calculated as a average from shingle types) Jarvi et al. (2014)
752 0.26 0.85 -21.4 ! Own for Montreal urban (calculated as a average from gravel) Jarvi et al. (2014)
790 0.44 0.57 -28.9 ! Roof (Uppsala) Taseler (1980) NR
791 0.82 0.34 -55.7 ! Roof (membrane & concrete) Yoshida et al. (1990/91) NR
798 0.477 0.337 -33.87 ! "Rooftop average (of Taesler, Yap and Yoshida, as in Grimmond et al. 1992)" Keogh et al. (2012)
7981 0.510 0.286 -28.85 ! Code 798 x Multiplier for summer
7982 0.598 -0.451 11.30 ! Code 798 x Multiplier for winter
799 0.238 0.427 -16.7 ! Original roof average (inlcudes two not recommended - Meyn 2001 and old Meyn 2001 coefficients)
800 0.719 0.194 -36.6 ! "Impervious (average). This is the average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902, 903, 905, 906."
801 0.81 0.1 -79.9 ! Concrete Doll et al. (1985)
802 0.85 0.32 -28.5 ! Concrete Asaeda & Ca (1993)
901 0.36 0.23 -19.3 ! Asphalt Narita et al. (1984)
902 0.64 0.32 -43.6 ! Asphalt Asaeda & Ca (1993)
903 0.82 0.68 -20.1 ! Asphalt - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
905 0.72 0.54 -40.2 ! Asphalt (winter) - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
906 0.83 -0.83 -24.6 ! Asphalt (summer) - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
904 0.805 -0.193 -9.39 ! An99 weighted average (all year) - calculated by HCW
907 0.767 0.452 -34.76 ! An99 Apr-Sep weighted average (summer) - calculated by HCW
908 0.843 -0.838 15.98 ! An99 Oct-Mar weighted average (winter) - calculated by HCW
909 0.67 0.493 -47.97 ! An99 August average - calculated by HCW
910 0.718 0.532 -40.81 ! An99 JJA average - calculated by HCW
850 0.665 0.243 -42.825 ! "Impervious (average) excluding all An99 values, i.e. average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902."
851 0.676 0.300 -42.42 ! "NEW Impervious (average). This is the average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902, 910." Ward et al. (2015)
8511 0.722 0.255 -36.14 ! Code 851 x Multiplier for summer
8512 0.848 -0.402 14.16 ! Code 851 x Multiplier for winter
-9
-9
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_Profiles.txt#
SUEWS_Profiles.txt specifies the daily cycle of variables related to human behaviour (energy use, water use and snow clearing).
Different profiles can be specified for weekdays and weekends.
The profiles are provided at hourly resolution here;
the model will then linearly interpolate the profiles to the resolution of the model time step; some profiles may be normalized either by sum
or by mean
depending on the activity type while others not(see Normalisation method
column of table below).
Thus it does not matter whether columns 2-25 add up to, say 1, 24, or another number, because the model will eventually use the normalised values to rescale the results.
Note
Currently, the snow clearing profiles are not interpolated as these are effectively a switch (0 for off and 1 for on).
If the anthropogenic heat flux and water use are specified in the met forcing file, the energy and water use profiles are ignored.
Activity |
Description |
Normalisation method |
Weekday option |
Weekend option |
---|---|---|---|---|
Energy use |
This profile, in junction with population density ( |
|
||
Population density |
This profile, in junction with human activity ( |
None |
||
Human activity |
This profile, in junction with population density ( |
None |
||
Traffic |
This profile determines the anthropogenic heat due to traffic. |
|
||
Water use (manual) |
This profile determines the irrigation under manual operation. |
|
||
Water use (automatic) |
This profile determines the irrigation under automatic operation. |
|
||
Snow removal |
This profile determines if snow removal is conducted at the end of each hour. |
None |
Anthropogenic heat flux (weekday and weekend)
Water use (weekday and weekend; manual and automatic irrigation)
Snow removal (weekday and weekend)
Human activity (weekday and weekend).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
2-25 |
Multiplier for each hour of the day [-] for energy and water use. For SnowClearing, set those hours to 1 when snow removal from paved and roof surface is allowed (0 otherwise) if the snow removal limits set in the SUEWS_NonVeg.txt (SnowLimR emove column) are exceeded. |
An example SUEWS_Profiles.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ! Vs 1987 Water Use Profile values
11 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 ! Manual LA Water Use Profile values
12 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ! Automatic LA Water Use Profile values
40 0.3 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.45 1.2 1.7 1.55 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.35 1.37 1.45 1.6 1.75 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.95 0.65 0.38 0.33 ! AHDIUPRF Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values
41 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! AHDIUPRF Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values
42 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! AHDIUPRF1 Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values Vs87
43 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! AHDIUPRF2 Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values Vs87
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Helsinki Snow removal
99999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
90000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! Arbitrary (constant all day)
550 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
551 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! Swindon Weekday QF
552 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! Swindon Weekend QF
5512 0.421569876 0.332818323 0.318026398 0.295838509 0.295838509 0.332818323 0.525113354 0.45004736 0.374981366 0.335920807 0.33331677 0.341128882 0.338524845 0.343732919 0.351545031 0.374981366 0.393209627 0.618174689 0.843139752 0.732200311 0.636052795 0.628656832 0.591677019 0.517717391 ! Swindon Weekday QF scaled for variable pop
660 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! London "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
661 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! London Weekday QF
662 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! London Weekend QF
55663 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! UK Human activity 1
55664 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! UK Human activity 1
701 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.59 1.21 1.67 1.57 1.32 1.27 1.31 1.37 1.44 1.74 2.01 1.90 1.53 1.20 1.00 0.83 0.59 0.40 0.30 ! Helsinki Traffic Weekday
702 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.46 0.36 0.31 0.38 0.49 0.73 1.04 1.30 1.51 1.69 1.79 1.79 1.76 1.71 1.61 1.43 1.23 1.00 0.75 0.58 0.50 ! Helsinki Traffic Weekend
801 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 1 ! Helsinki Population Weekday
802 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! Helsinki Population Weekend
-9
-9
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt#
For each year and each grid, site specific surface cover information and other input parameters are provided to SUEWS by SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. The model currently requires a new row for each year of the model run. All rows in this file will be read by the model and run.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
a unique number to represent grid |
||
2 |
Year [YYYY] |
||
3 |
Start of the day light savings [DOY] |
||
4 |
End of the day light savings [DOY] |
||
5 |
Latitude [deg]. |
||
6 |
longitude [deg] |
||
7 |
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s). |
||
8 |
Area of the grid [ha]. |
||
9 |
Altitude of grids [m]. |
||
10 |
Measurement height [m] for all atmospheric forcing variables set in SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt. |
||
11 |
Day of year [DOY] |
||
12 |
Hour [H] |
||
13 |
Minute [M] |
||
14 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
15 |
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-] |
||
16 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
17 |
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-] |
||
18 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
19 |
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-] |
||
20 |
Surface cover fraction of open water [-] |
||
21 |
Fraction of |
||
22 |
Fraction of |
||
23 |
Fraction of |
||
24 |
Fraction of |
||
25 |
Fraction of |
||
26 |
Fraction of |
||
27 |
Fraction of |
||
28 |
Mean building height [m] |
||
29 |
Mean height of evergreen trees [m] |
||
30 |
Mean height of deciduous trees [m] |
||
31 |
Roughness length for momentum [m] |
||
32 |
Zero-plane displacement [m] |
||
33 |
Frontal area index for buildings [-] |
||
34 |
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-] |
||
35 |
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-] |
||
36 |
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha-1] |
||
37 |
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha-1] |
||
38 |
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a. |
||
39 |
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a. |
||
40 |
Building energy use [W m-2] |
||
41 |
Building energy use [W m-2] |
||
42 |
Code for |
||
43 |
Code for |
||
44 |
Code for |
||
45 |
Code for |
||
46 |
Code for |
||
47 |
Code for |
||
48 |
Code for |
||
49 |
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1] |
||
50 |
Limit when surface totally covered with water for LUMPS [mm] |
||
51 |
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. |
||
52 |
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-] |
||
53 |
Code for surface conductance parameters linking to |
||
54 |
Code for snow surface characteristics linking to |
||
55 |
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) linking to |
||
56 |
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) linking to |
||
57 |
Code for modelling anthropogenic heat flux linking to |
||
58 |
Code for modelling irrigation linking to |
||
59 |
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) linking to |
||
60 |
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) linking to |
||
61 |
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) linking to |
||
62 |
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) linking to |
||
63 |
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1] |
||
64 |
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-] |
||
65 |
Storage capacity of pipes [mm] |
||
66 |
Number of the 1st grid where water can flow to |
||
67 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
68 |
Number of the 2nd grid where water can flow to |
||
69 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
70 |
Number of the 3rd grid where water can flow to |
||
71 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
72 |
Number of the 4th grid where water can flow to |
||
73 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
74 |
Number of the 5th grid where water can flow to |
||
75 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
76 |
Number of the 6th grid where water can flow to |
||
77 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
78 |
Number of the 7th grid where water can flow to |
||
79 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
80 |
Number of the 8th grid where water can flow to |
||
81 |
Fraction of water that can flow to |
||
82 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
83 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
84 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
85 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
86 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
87 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
||
88 |
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. |
||
89 |
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation) [ m2 ]. |
||
90 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
91 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
92 |
Surface cover fraction of |
||
93 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
94 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
95 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
96 |
Surface cover fraction of building class 1 used in ESTM calculations |
||
97 |
Surface cover fraction of building class 2 used in ESTM calculations |
||
98 |
Surface cover fraction of building class 3 used in ESTM calculations |
||
99 |
Surface cover fraction of building class 4 used in ESTM calculations |
||
100 |
Surface cover fraction of building class 5 used in ESTM calculations |
||
101 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
102 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
103 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
104 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
105 |
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Attention
Two rows of
-9
should be placed at end of this file.In this file the column order is important.
Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_Paved
toFr_Water
should sum up to 1.Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1
toFr_ESTMClass_Paved3
should sum up to 1.Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1
toFr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5
should sum up to 1.In this file the row order is important for simulations of multiple grids and multiple years. Ensure the rows in are arranged so that all grids for a particular year appear on consecutive lines (rather than grouping all years together for a particular grid). See below for a valid example:
Grid Year ... 1 2001 ... 2 2001 ... 1 2002 ... 2 2002 ...
Tip
!
can be used to indicate comments in the file. Comments are not read by the
programme so they can be used by the user to provide notes for their
interpretation of the contents. This is strongly recommended.
Day Light Savings (DLS)#
The dates for DLS normally vary for each year and country as they are often associated with a specific set of Sunday mornings at the beginning of summer and autumn. Note it is important to remember leap years. You can check http://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/ for your city.
Tip
If DLS does not occur give a start and end day immediately after it. Make certain the dummy dates are correct for the hemisphere
For northern hemisphere, use: 180 181
For southern hemisphere, use: 365 1
Example when running multiple years (in this case 2008 and 2009 in Canada):
Year |
start of daylight savings |
end of daylight savings |
---|---|---|
2008 |
170 |
240 |
2009 |
172 |
242 |
Grid Connections (water flow between grids)#
Caution
Not available in this version.
columns between
GridConnection1of8
andGridConnection8of8
in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt can be set to zero.
This section gives an example of water flow between grids, calculated based on the relative elevation of the grids and length of the connecting surface between adjacent grids. For the square grids in the figure, water flow is assumed to be zero between diagonally adjacent grids, as the length of connecting surface linking the grids is very small. Model grids need not be square or the same size.
The table gives example values for the grid connections part of SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for the grids shown in the figure. For each row, only water flowing out of the current grid is entered (e.g. water flows from 234 to 236 and 237, with a larger proportion of water flowing to 237 because of the greater length of connecting surface between 234 and 237 than between 234 and 236. No water is assumed to flow between 234 and 233 or 235 because there is no elevation difference between these grids. Grids 234 and 238 are at the same elevation and only connect at a point, so no water flows between them. Water enters grid 234 from grids 230, 231 and 232 as these are more elevated.

Example grid connections showing water flow between grids.#
Note
Arrows indicate the water flow in to and out of grid 234, but note that only only water flowing out of each grid is entered in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt

Example values for the grid connections part of SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for the grids.#
An example SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Grid Year StartDLS EndDLS lat lng Timezone SurfaceArea Alt z id ih imin Fr_Paved Fr_Bldgs Fr_EveTr Fr_DecTr Fr_Grass Fr_Bsoil Fr_Water IrrFr_Paved IrrFr_Bldgs IrrFr_EveTr IrrFr_DecTr IrrFr_Grass IrrFr_BSoil IrrFr_Water H_Bldgs H_EveTr H_DecTr z0 zd FAI_Bldgs FAI_EveTr FAI_DecTr PopDensDay PopDensNight TrafficRate_WD TrafficRate_WE QF0_BEU_WD QF0_BEU_WE Code_Paved Code_Bldgs Code_EveTr Code_DecTr Code_Grass Code_Bsoil Code_Water LUMPS_DrRate LUMPS_Cover LUMPS_MaxRes NARP_Trans CondCode SnowCode SnowClearingProfWD SnowClearingProfWE AnthropogenicCode IrrigationCode WaterUseProfManuWD WaterUseProfManuWE WaterUseProfAutoWD WaterUseProfAutoWE FlowChange RunoffToWater PipeCapacity GridConnection1of8 Fraction1of8 GridConnection2of8 Fraction2of8 GridConnection3of8 Fraction3of8 GridConnection4of8 Fraction4of8 GridConnection5of8 Fraction5of8 GridConnection6of8 Fraction6of8 GridConnection7of8 Fraction7of8 GridConnection8of8 Fraction8of8 WithinGridPavedCode WithinGridBldgsCode WithinGridEveTrCode WithinGridDecTrCode WithinGridGrassCode WithinGridUnmanBSoilCode WithinGridWaterCode AreaWall Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1 Fr_ESTMClass_Paved2 Fr_ESTMClass_Paved3 Code_ESTMClass_Paved1 Code_ESTMClass_Paved2 Code_ESTMClass_Paved3 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs5
1 2004 85 302 57.7700 11.8700 2.0000 1.0000 15.0000 50.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.0 0.0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0 0.0 15.00 15.000 15.000 0.0100 0.2000 0.3000 0.3000 0.3000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0134 0.0095 0.7442 0.7955 661.0000 662.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 663.0000 661.0000 0.2500 1.0000 10.0000 1.0000 200.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 661.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 0.0000 0.1000 100.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 664.0000 665.0000 666.0000 667.0000 -999.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 99999.0000 807.0000 99999.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 801.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000
1 2005 85 302 57.7700 11.8700 2.0000 1.0000 15.0000 50.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.0 0.0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.000 1.000 0.0100 0.2000 0.3000 0.3000 0.3000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0134 0.0095 0.7442 0.7955 661.0000 662.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 663.0000 661.0000 0.2500 1.0000 10.0000 1.0000 200.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 661.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 0.0000 0.1000 100.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 664.0000 665.0000 666.0000 667.0000 -999.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 99999.0000 807.0000 99999.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 801.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000
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SUEWS_Snow.txt#
SUEWS_Snow.txt specifies the characteristics for snow surfaces when
SnowUse=1
in RunControl.nml. If the snow part of
the model is not run, fill this table with ‘-999’ except for the first
(Code) column and set SnowUse=0
in RunControl.nml.
For a detailed description of the variables, see Järvi et al.
(2014) [Järvi et al., 2014].
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1] |
||
3 |
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1] |
||
4 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
||
5 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
||
6 |
Effective surface emissivity. |
||
7 |
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-] |
||
8 |
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-] |
||
9 |
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow [mm] |
||
10 |
Fresh snow density [kg m-3] |
||
11 |
Maximum snow density [kg m-3] |
||
12 |
Time constant for snow density ageing [-] |
||
13 |
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
||
14 |
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
||
15 |
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C] |
||
16 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
17 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
18 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
19 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
20 |
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
||
21 |
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
||
22 |
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
23 |
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
||
24 |
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
||
25 |
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_Snow.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code RadMeltFactor TempMeltFactor AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity tau_a tau_f PrecipLimAlb SnowDensMin SnowDensMax tau_r CRWMin CRWMax PrecipLimSnow OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
99999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 99999 100000 1.2 4 !
1 0.0016 0.12 0.18 0.85 0.99 0.018 0.11 2 100 400 0.043 0.05 0.2 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! Helsinki (HCW added 0.99 for emissivity) Jarvi et al. (2014)
550 0.001 0.14 0.18 0.8 0.99 0.01 0.1 2 100 450 0.02 0.03 0.1 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
660 0.001 0.14 0.18 0.8 0.99 0.01 0.1 2 100 450 0.02 0.03 0.1 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! London
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SUEWS_Soil.txt#
SUEWS_Soil.txt specifies the characteristics of the sub-surface soil below each of the non-water surface types (Paved, Bldgs, EveTr, DecTr, Grass, BSoil). The model does not have a soil store below the water surfaces. Note that these sub-surface soil stores are different to the bare soil/unmamnaged surface cover type. Each of the non-water surface types need to link to soil characteristics specified here. If the soil characteristics are assumed to be the same for all surface types, use a single code value to link the characteristics here with the SoilTypeCode columns in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt and SUEWS_Veg.txt.
Soil moisture can either be provided using observational data in the met
forcing file (the xsmd
column when SMDMethod
= 1 or 2 in RunControl.nml) and providing some soil properties here, or modelled by SUEWS (SMDMethod
= 0 in RunControl.nml).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Depth of soil beneath the surface [mm] |
||
3 |
Limit value for |
||
4 |
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1] |
||
5 |
Soil density [kg m-3] |
||
6 |
Infiltration rate. |
||
7 |
The depth of soil moisture measurements. [mm] |
||
8 |
The maximum observed soil moisture. [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1] |
||
9 |
Fraction of soil without rocks. [-] |
An example SUEWS_Soil.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Code SoilDepth SoilStoreCap SatHydraulicCond SoilDensity InfiltrationRate OBS_SMDepth OBS_SMCap OBS_SoilNotRocks
551 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below Paved) Ward et al. (2013)
552 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below Built) Ward et al. (2013)
553 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below others) Ward et al. (2013)
661 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! London
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SUEWS_Veg.txt#
SUEWS_Veg.txt specifies the characteristics for the vegetated surface cover types (EveTr, DecTr, Grass) by linking codes in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt to the codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt (Code_EveTr, Code_DecTr, Code_Grass). Each row should correspond to a particular surface type. For suggestions on how to complete this table, see: Typical Values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
||
3 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
||
4 |
Effective surface emissivity. |
||
5 |
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
||
6 |
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
||
7 |
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
||
8 |
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
||
9 |
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
||
10 |
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
||
11 |
Coefficient b [-] used in |
||
12 |
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to |
||
13 |
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm] |
||
14 |
Base Temperature for initiating growing degree days (GDD) for leaf growth. [°C] |
||
15 |
Base temperature for initiating sensesance degree days (SDD) for leaf off. [°C] |
||
16 |
The growing degree days (GDD) needed for full capacity of the leaf area index (LAI) [°C]. |
||
17 |
The sensesence degree days (SDD) needed to initiate leaf off. [°C] |
||
18 |
leaf-off wintertime value |
||
19 |
full leaf-on summertime value |
||
20 |
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for |
||
21 |
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for |
||
22 |
The maximum conductance of each vegetation or surface type. [mm s-1] |
||
23 |
LAI calculation choice. |
||
24 |
a parameter required by LAI calculation in |
||
25 |
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
||
26 |
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
||
27 |
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
||
28 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
29 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
30 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
31 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
32 |
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
||
33 |
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
||
34 |
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
35 |
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
||
36 |
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
||
37 |
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
||
38 |
Code linking to the |
An example SUEWS_Veg.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 SoilTypeCode SnowLimPatch BaseT BaseTe GDDFull SDDFull LAIMin LAIMax PorosityMin PorosityMax MaxConductance LAIEq LeafGrowthPower1 LeafGrowthPower2 LeafOffPower1 LeafOffPower2 OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch BiogenCO2Code
300 0.1 0.1 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! ET Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
330 0.16 0.16 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! DT Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
360 0.19 0.19 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3 10 3 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 40 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! IG Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
361 0.19 0.19 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.13 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! UG Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
551 0.1 0.1 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
552 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
553 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 2 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 812 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! Grass Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.11 0.12 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr London
662 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr London
663 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 812 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! Grass London
700 0.11 0.12 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr London
701 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr London
702 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 812 500000 0.2 1 11 ! Grass London
-9
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SUEWS_Water.txt#
SUEWS_Water.txt specifies the characteristics for the water surface
cover type by linking codes in column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt to the codes
specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt (Code_Water
).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
||
2 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
||
3 |
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
||
4 |
Effective surface emissivity. |
||
5 |
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
||
6 |
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
||
7 |
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
||
8 |
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
||
9 |
Water depth [mm]. |
||
10 |
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
||
11 |
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
||
12 |
Coefficient b [-] used in |
||
13 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
14 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
15 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
16 |
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
||
17 |
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
||
18 |
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
||
19 |
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
||
20 |
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
||
21 |
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
||
22 |
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_Water.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit WaterDepth DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
1000 0.08 0.08 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 2000 2000 0 0 0 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 60 4100000 1.2 4 ! Helsinki Jarvi et al. (2014)
551 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 1000 1000 -999 -999 -999 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 60 4100000 1.2 4 ! Swindon (no water) Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 30000 20000 0 0 0 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 813 4100000 1.2 4 ! London
-9
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SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt#
SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt specifies the movement of water between surfaces within a grid/area. It allows impervious connectivity to be taken into account.
Each row corresponds to a surface type (linked by the Code in column 1 to the SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt columns: WithinGridPavedCode, WithinGridBldgsCode, …, WithinGridWaterCode). Each column contains the fraction of water flowing from the surface type to each of the other surface types or to runoff or the sub-surface soil store.
Note
The sum of each row (excluding the Code) must equal 1.
Water CANNOT flow from one surface to that same surface, so the diagonal elements should be zero.
The row corresponding to the water surface should be zero, as there is currently no flow permitted from the water surface to other surfaces by the model.
Currently water CANNOT go to both runoff and soil store (i.e. it must go to one or the other –
Runoff
for impervious surfaces;SoilStore
for pervious surfaces).
In the table below, for example,
All flow from paved surfaces goes to runoff;
90% of flow from buildings goes to runoff, with small amounts going to other surfaces (mostly paved surfaces as buildings are often surrounded by paved areas);
All flow from vegetated and bare soil areas goes into the sub-surface soil store;
The row corresponding to water contains zeros (as it is currently not used).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
2 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
3 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
4 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
5 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
6 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
7 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
8 |
Fraction of water going to |
||
9 |
Fraction of water going to |
An example SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Code ToPaved ToBldgs ToEveTr ToDecTr ToGrass ToBSoil ToWater ToRunoff ToSoilStore !
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ! Paved Example
20 0.06 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.9 0 ! Buildings Example
30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Evergreen Example
40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Decid Example
50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass Example
60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! UnmanBare Example
70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water Example
21 0.03 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.93 0 ! Buildings Example
551 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.98 0 ! Paved Swindon
552 0.08 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.9 0 ! Bldgs Swindon
553 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! EveTr Swindon
554 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! DecTr Swindon
555 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass Swindon
556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Bsoil Swindon
557 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water Swindon (not present)
661 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.98 0 ! Paved London
662 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0 ! Bldgs London
663 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 ! EveTr London (not present)
664 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 ! DecTr London
665 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass London
666 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Bsoil London (not present)
667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water London
-9
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Input Options#
- a1#
- Description
Coefficient for Q* term [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for Q* term [-]
- a2#
- Description
Coefficient for
dQ*/dt
term [h]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for dQ*/dt term [h]
- a3#
- Description
Constant term [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Constant term [W m-2]
- ActivityProfWD#
- Description
Code linking to
ActivityProfWD
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for human activity profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Used for CO2 flux calculation.
- ActivityProfWE#
- Description
Code linking to
ActivityProfWE
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for human activity profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Look the codes Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Used for CO2 flux calculation.
- AHMin_WD#
- Description
Minimum QF on weekdays [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHMin_WE#
- Description
Minimum QF on weekends [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Heating_WD#
- Description
Heating slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Heating_WE#
- Description
Heating slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Cooling_WD#
- Description
Cooling slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Cooling_WE#
- Description
Cooling slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AlbedoMax#
- Description
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. View factors should be taken into account.
Example values [-]
Example values [-]
0.1 Water [Oke, 2002]
Example values [-]
0.85 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- AlbedoMin#
- Description
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces – set the same as AlbedoMax.
Example values [-]
Not currently used for water surface - set same as AlbedoMax.
Example values [-]
0.18 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- alpha#
- Description
The mean apparent ecosystem quantum. Represents the initial slope of the light-response curve. [umol CO2 umol photons^-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
EmissionsMethod
= 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16:0.044 [Ruimy et al., 1995]
0.0593 [Schmid, 2000]
0.0205 [Flanagan et al., 2002]
EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26: 0.031 [Bellucco et al., 2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 0.005 [Bellucco et al., 2017]
- Alt#
- Description
Altitude of grids [m].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Used for both the radiation and water flow between grids. Not available in this version.
- AnOHM_Ch#
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
- AnOHM_Cp#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
- AnOHM_Kk#
- Description
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
- AnthropogenicCode#
- Description
Code for modelling anthropogenic heat flux linking to
Code
of SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt, which contains the model coefficients for estimation of the anthropogenic heat flux (used ifEmissionsMethod
= 1, 2 in RunControl.nml).- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt.
- AreaWall#
- Description
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation) [ m2 ].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation). [ m2 ]
- BaseT#
- Description
Base Temperature for initiating growing degree days (GDD) for leaf growth. [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
See section 2.2 Järvi et al. (2011); Appendix A of Järvi et al. [2014]. Example values: 5 for EveTr [Järvi et al., 2011]
- BaseTe#
- BaseT_HC#
- Description
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C] e.g. Sailor and Vasireddy [2006]
- beta#
- Description
The light-saturated gross photosynthesis of the canopy. [umol m-2 s-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
EmissionsMethod
= 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16:43.35 [Ruimy et al., 1995]
35 [Schmid, 2000]
16.3 [Flanagan et al., 2002]
EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26: 17.793 [Bellucco et al., 2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 8.474 [Bellucco et al., 2017]
- theta#
- Description
The convexity of the curve at light saturation.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example value:
EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26: 0.723 [Bellucco et al., 2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 0.96 [Bellucco et al., 2017]
- alpha_enh#
- Description
Part of the
alpha
coefficient related to the fraction of vegetation.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example value: 0.016 [Bellucco et al., 2017]
- beta_enh#
- Description
Part of the
beta
coefficient related to the fraction of vegetation.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values: 33.454 [Bellucco et al., 2017]
- resp_a#
- Description
Respiration coefficient a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
1.08 [Schmid, 2000]
3.229 [Järvi et al., 2012]
- resp_b#
- Description
Respiration coefficient b - related to air temperature dependency.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
0.0064 [Schmid, 2000]
0.0329 [Järvi et al., 2012]
- min_respi#
- Description
Minimum soil respiration rate (for cold-temperature limit) [umol m-2 s-1].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values: 0.6 estimate from Hyytiälä forest site.
- BiogenCO2Code#
- Description
Code linking to the
Code
column in SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to the
Code
column in SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt.
- QF0_BEU_WD#
- Description
Building energy use [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- QF0_BEU_WE#
- Description
Building energy use [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- CO2PointSource#
- Description
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1]
- Code#
- Description
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for paved surfaces (Code_Paved), buildings (Code_Bldgs) and bare soil surfaces (Code_BSoil). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for evergreen trees and shrubs (Code_EveTr), deciduous trees and shrubs (Code_DecTr) and grass surfaces (Code_Grass). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for water surfaces (Code_Water). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for snow surfaces (SnowCode). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to the SoilTypeCode column in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt (for Paved, Bldgs and BSoil surfaces) and SUEWS_Veg.txt (for EveTr, DecTr and Grass surfaces). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to the CondCode column in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to the AnthropogenicCode column in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for irrigation modelling (IrrigationCode). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
Code linking to the
OHMCode_SummerWet
,OHMCode_SummerDry
,OHMCode_WinterWet
andOHMCode_WinterDry
columns in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, SUEWS_Veg.txt, SUEWS_Water.txt and SUEWS_Snow.txt files. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.For buildings and paved surfaces, set to zero if there is more than one ESTM class per grid and the codes and surface fractions specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt will be used instead.
Code linking to the
BiogenCO2Code
column in SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Bldgs#
- Description
Code for
Bldgs
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for Bldgs surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, which contains the attributes describing buildings in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt.
- Code_BSoil#
- Description
Code for
BSoil
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt.
- Code_DecTr#
- Description
Code for
DecTr
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for DecTr surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing deciduous trees and shrubs in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs1#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs2#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs3#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs4#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs5#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved1#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved2#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved3#
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_EveTr#
- Description
Code for
EveTr
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for EveTr surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing evergreen trees and shrubs in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Grass#
- Description
Code for
Grass
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for Grass surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing grass surfaces in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Paved#
- Description
Code for
Paved
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for Paved surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, which contains the attributes describing paved areas in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt. e.g. 331 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_NonVeg.txt which has 331 in column 1 (Code).
- Code_Water#
- Description
Code for
Water
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Water.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for Water surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt, which contains the attributes describing open water in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt.
- CondCode#
- Description
Code for surface conductance parameters linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Conductance.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for surface conductance parameters Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Conductance.txt, which contains the parameters for the Jarvis [1976] parameterisation of surface conductance. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Conductance.txt. e.g. 33 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Conductance.txt which has 33 in column 1 (Code).
- CRWMax#
- Description
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- CRWMin#
- Description
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- DayWat(1)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(2)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(3)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(4)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(5)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(6)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(7)#
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWatPer(1)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(2)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(3)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(4)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(5)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(6)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(7)#
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1]
- DrainageCoef1#
- Description
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in
DrainageEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 10 forPaved
andBldgs
;DrainageEq
= 2, 0.013 forBSoil
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 10 forGrass
(irrigated);DrainageEq
= 2, 0.013 forEveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated)
Not currently used for water surface
- DrainageCoef2#
- Description
Coefficient b [-] used in
DrainageEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 3 forPaved
andBldgs
DrainageEq
= 2, 1.71 forBSoil
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 3 forGrass
(irrigated)DrainageEq
= 2, 1.71 forEveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated)
Not currently used for water surface
- DrainageEq#
- Description
Calculation choice for Drainage equation
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Options:
1: Falk and Niemczynowicz [1978]
2: Halldin et al. [1979] (Rutter eqn corrected for c=0, see Calder & Wright (1986) [Calder and Wright, 1986] )
3: for
EveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated) see Falk and Niemczynowicz [1978]. Coefficients are specified in the following two columns. Recommended in this version.
Not currently used for water surface.
- EF_umolCO2perJ#
- Description
Emission factor for fuels used for building heating.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- Emissivity#
- Description
Effective surface emissivity.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Effective surface emissivity. View factors should be taken into account.
Example values [-]
Example values [-]
0.95 Water [Oke, 2002]
Example values [-]
0.99 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- EndDLS#
- Description
End of the day light savings [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
End of the day light savings [DOY] See Day Light Savings (DLS).
- EnEF_v_Jkm#
- Description
Emission factor for heat [J k m-1 ].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Emission factor for heat [J k m-1]. Example values: 3.97e6 Sailor and Lu (2004) [Sailor and Lu, 2004]
- EnergyUseProfWD#
- Description
Code linking to
EnergyUseProfWD
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for energy use profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Look the codes Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- EnergyUseProfWE#
- Description
Code linking to
EnergyUseProfWE
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for energy use profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- ESTMCode#
- Description
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
For paved and building surfaces, it is possible to specify multiple codes per grid (3 for paved, 5 for buildings) using SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . In this case, set ESTMCode here to zero.
Code for ESTM coefficients to use for this surface. Links to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt.
Code for ESTM coefficients to use for this surface. Links to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt.
For paved and building surfaces, it is possible to specify multiple codes per grid (3 for paved, 5 for buildings) using SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . In this case, set ESTM code here to zero.
- FAI_Bldgs#
- Description
Frontal area index for buildings [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Frontal area index for buildings [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- FAI_DecTr#
- Description
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- FAI_EveTr#
- Description
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- Faut#
- Description
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems (e.g. sprinklers).
- FcEF_v_kgkmWD#
- Description
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FcEF_v_kgkmWE#
- Description
CO2 emission factor for weekends [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FcEF_v_Jkm#
- Description
Traffic emission factor for CO2.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- fcld#
- Description
Cloud fraction [tenths]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Cloud fraction [tenths]
- FlowChange#
- Description
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1] Used to indicate river or stream flow through the grid. Currently not fully tested!
- Fraction1of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection1of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction2of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection2of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction3of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection3of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction4of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection4of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction5of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection5of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction6of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection6of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction7of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection7of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction8of8#
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection8of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fr_Bldgs#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-]
- Fr_Bsoil#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-]
- Fr_DecTr#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-]
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 1 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs2#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 2 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs3#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 3 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs4#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 4 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 5 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 1 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved2#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 2 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved3#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 3 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_EveTr#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
EveTr
: evergreen trees and shrubs [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of evergreen trees and shrubs [-]
- Fr_Grass#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Grass
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of grass [-]
- Fr_Paved#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surfaces [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Columns 14 to 20 must sum to 1 .
- Fr_Water#
- Description
Surface cover fraction of open water [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Surface cover fraction of open water [-] (e.g. river, lakes, ponds, swimming pools)
- FrFossilFuel_Heat#
- Description
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building heating [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FrFossilFuel_NonHeat#
- Description
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building energy use [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FrPDDwe#
- Description
Fraction of weekend population to weekday population. [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of weekend population to weekday population. [-]
- G1#
- Description
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1]
- G2#
- Description
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2]
- G3#
- Description
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on
gsModel
]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on gsChoice in RunControl.nml ]
- G4#
- Description
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on
gsModel
]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on gsChoice in RunControl.nml ]
- G5#
- Description
Related to temperature dependence [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to temperature dependence [°C]
- G6#
- Description
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1]
- gamq_gkgm#
- Description
vertical gradient of specific humidity [g kg-1 m-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
vertical gradient of specific humidity (g kg-1 m-1 )
- gamt_Km#
- Description
vertical gradient of potential temperature [K m-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
vertical gradient of potential temperature (K m-1 ) strength of the inversion
- GDDFull#
- Description
The growing degree days (GDD) needed for full capacity of the leaf area index (LAI) [°C].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
This should be checked carefully for your study area using modelled LAI from the DailyState output file compared to known behaviour in the study area. See section 2.2 Järvi et al. [2011] ; Appendix A Järvi et al. [2014] for more details. Example values: 300 for
EveTr
Järvi et al. [2011]
- Grid#
- Description
a unique number to represent grid
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Grid numbers do not need to be consecutive and do not need to start at a particular value. Each grid must have a unique grid number. All grids must be present for all years. These grid numbers are referred to in GridConnections (columns 64-79) ( N.B. Not available in this version. )
- GridConnection1of8#
- Description
Number of the 1st grid where water can flow to The next 8 pairs of columns specify the water flow between grids. The first column of each pair specifies the grid that the water flows to (from the current grid, column 1); the second column of each pair specifies the fraction of water that flow to that grid. The fraction (i.e. amount) of water transferred may be estimated based on elevation, the length of connecting surface between grids, presence of walls, etc. Water cannot flow from the current grid to the same grid, so the grid number here must be different to the grid number in column 1. Water can flow to a maximum of 8 other grids. If there is no water flow between grids, or a single grid is run, set to 0. See section on Grid Connections
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
The next 8 pairs of columns specify the water flow between grids. The first column of each pair specifies the grid that the water flows to (from the current grid, column 1); the second column of each pair specifies the fraction of water that flow to that grid. The fraction (i.e. amount) of water transferred may be estimated based on elevation, the length of connecting surface between grids, presence of walls, etc. Water cannot flow from the current grid to the same grid, so the grid number here must be different to the grid number in column 1. Water can flow to a maximum of 8 other grids. If there is no water flow between grids, or a single grid is run, set to 0. See section on Grid Connections
- GridConnection2of8#
- Description
Number of the 2nd grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection3of8#
- Description
Number of the 3rd grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection4of8#
- Description
Number of the 4th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection5of8#
- Description
Number of the 5th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection6of8#
- Description
Number of the 6th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection7of8#
- Description
Number of the 7th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection8of8#
- Description
Number of the 8th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- gsModel#
- Description
Formulation choice for conductance calculation.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
2
[Ward et al., 2016] Recommended in this version.
- H_Bldgs#
- Description
Mean building height [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Mean building height [m]
- H_DecTr#
- Description
Mean height of deciduous trees [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Mean height of deciduous trees [m]
- H_EveTr#
- Description
Mean height of evergreen trees [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Mean height of evergreen trees [m]
- H_maintain#
- Description
water depth to maintain used in automatic irrigation (e.g., ponding water due to flooding irrigation in rice crop-field) [mm].
Note
H_maintain
can be positive (e.g., ponding water due to flooding irrigation in rice crop-field) or negative (e.g., soil water store level to maintain:SoilStoreCap
+H_maintain
) or zero (e.g., to maintain a maximum soil store level, i.e.,SoilStoreCap
).Disable this feature by setting this parameter to
-999
: then no restrictions will be applied to maintain available water level.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
water depth to maintain used in automatic irrigation.
- id#
- Description
Day of year [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not used: set to 1 in this version.
Day of year [DOY]
Day of year [DOY]
Day of year [DOY]
- Ie_a1#
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -1 ]
- Ie_a2#
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -1 K-1]
- Ie_a3#
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-2 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -2 ]
- Ie_end#
- Description
Day when irrigation ends [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Day when irrigation ends [DOY]
- Ie_m1#
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -1 ]
- Ie_m2#
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -1 K-1]
- Ie_m3#
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-2 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -2 ]
- Ie_start#
- Description
Day when irrigation starts [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Day when irrigation starts [DOY]
- ih#
- Description
Hour [H]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Hour [H] Not used: set to 0 in this version.
- imin#
- Description
Minute [M]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Minute [M] Not used: set to 0 in this version.
Minute [M]
Minute [M]
- InfiltrationRate#
- Description
Infiltration rate.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not currently used
- Internal_albedo#
- Description
Albedo of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Albedo of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Internal_CHbld#
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal building elements [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal building elements [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_CHroof#
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal roof [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal roof [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_CHwall#
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal wall [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal wall [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_emissivity#
- Description
Emissivity of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Emissivity of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Internal_k1#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k2#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k3#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k4#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k5#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp1#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp2#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp3#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp4#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp5#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_thick1#
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Internal_thick2#
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick3#
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick4#
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick5#
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- InternalWaterUse#
- Description
Internal water use [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Internal water use [mm h-1]
- IrrFr_Paved#
- Description
Fraction of
Paved
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of paved surfaces that are irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_Bldgs#
- Description
Fraction of
Bldgs
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of rooftop of buildings (e.g., green roofs) that are irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_DecTr#
- Description
Fraction of
DecTr
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of deciduous trees that are irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_EveTr#
- Description
Fraction of
EveTr
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of evergreen trees that are irrigated [-] e.g. 50% of the evergreen trees/shrubs are irrigated
- IrrFr_Grass#
- Description
Fraction of
Grass
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of grass that is irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_BSoil#
- Description
Fraction of
BSoil
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of bare soil that are irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_Water#
- Description
Fraction of
Water
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water that are irrigated [-]
- IrrigationCode#
- Description
Code for modelling irrigation linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for modelling irrigation Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt, which contains the model coefficients for estimation of the water use (used if WU_Choice = 0 in RunControl.nml ). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt.
- it#
- Description
Hour [H]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Hour [H]
Hour [H]
- iy#
- Description
Year [YYYY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Year [YYYY]
Year [YYYY]
- kdiff#
- Description
Diffuse radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Recommended if SOLWEIGUse = 1
- kdir#
- Description
Direct radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Recommended if SOLWEIGUse = 1
- kdown#
- Description
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Must be > 0 W m-2 .
- Kmax#
- Description
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2]
- lai#
- Description
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2]
- LAIEq#
- Description
LAI calculation choice.
Note
North and South hemispheres are treated slightly differently.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Coefficients are specified in the following parameters:
LeafGrowthPower1
,LeafGrowthPower2
,LeafOffPower1
andLeafOffPower2
.Options
- LAIMax#
- Description
full leaf-on summertime value
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
full leaf-on summertime value Example values: - 5.1 EveTr Breuer et al. (2003) [Breuer et al., 2003] - 5.5 DecTr Breuer et al. (2003) [Breuer et al., 2003] - 5.9 Grass Breuer et al. (2003) [Breuer et al., 2003]
- LAIMin#
- Description
leaf-off wintertime value
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
leaf-off wintertime value Example values: - 4. EveTr [Järvi et al., 2011] - 1. DecTr [Järvi et al., 2011] - 1.6 Grass [Grimmond and Oke, 1991]
- lat#
- Description
Latitude [deg].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use coordinate system WGS84. Positive values are northern hemisphere (negative southern hemisphere). Used in radiation calculations. Note, if the total modelled area is small the latitude and longitude could be the same for each grid but small differences in radiation will not be determined. If you are defining the latitude and longitude differently between grids make certain that you provide enough decimal places.
- ldown#
- Description
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2]
- LeafGrowthPower1#
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values
LAIEq
= 0: 0.03 [Järvi et al., 2011]LAIEq
= 1: 0.04 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- LeafGrowthPower2#
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values
LAIEq
= 0: 0.0005 [Järvi et al., 2011]LAIEq
= 1: 0.001 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- LeafOffPower1#
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values
LAIEq
= 0: 0.03 [Järvi et al., 2011]LAIEq
= 1: -1.5 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- LeafOffPower2#
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values
LAIEq
= 0: 0.0005 [Järvi et al., 2011]LAIEq
= 1: 0.0015 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- lng#
- Description
longitude [deg]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use coordinate system WGS84. For compatibility with GIS, negative values are to the west, positive values are to the east (e.g. Vancouver = -123.12; Shanghai = 121.47) Note this is a change of sign convention between v2016a and v2017a See latitude for more details.
- LUMPS_Cover#
- Description
Limit when surface totally covered with water for LUMPS [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Limit when surface totally covered with water [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 1 mm from Loridan et al. [2011] .
- LUMPS_DrRate#
- Description
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 0.25 mm h-1 from Loridan et al. [2011] .
- LUMPS_MaxRes#
- Description
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 10 mm from Loridan et al. [2011] .
- MaxQFMetab#
- Description
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
Example values: 175 Sailor and Lu (2004) [Sailor and Lu, 2004]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
- MaxFCMetab#
- Description
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- MaxConductance#
- Description
The maximum conductance of each vegetation or surface type. [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values [mm s-1]
7.4: EveTr [Järvi et al., 2011]
11.7: DecTr [Järvi et al., 2011]
33.1: Grass (unirrigated) [Järvi et al., 2011]
40.: Grass (irrigated) [Järvi et al., 2011]
- MinQFMetab#
- Description
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
Example values: 75 Sailor and Lu (2004) [Sailor and Lu, 2004]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2].
- MinFCMetab#
- Description
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- NARP_Trans#
- Description
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-] Value must in the range 0-1. Default recommended value of 1.
- nroom#
- Description
Number of rooms per floor for building surfaces only [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Number of rooms per floor for building surfaces only
- OBS_SMCap#
- Description
The maximum observed soil moisture. [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OBS_SMDepth#
- Description
The depth of soil moisture measurements. [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OBS_SoilNotRocks#
- Description
Fraction of soil without rocks. [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OHMCode_SummerDry#
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_SummerWet#
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_WinterDry#
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_WinterWet#
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMThresh_SW#
- Description
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
Not actually used for Snow surface as winter wet conditions always assumed.
- OHMThresh_WD#
- Description
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not actually used for building and paved surfaces (as impervious).
Note that OHM coefficients for wet conditions are applied if the surface is wet.
Not actually used for water surface (as no soil surface beneath).
Not actually used for Snow surface as winter wet conditions always assumed.
- PipeCapacity#
- Description
Storage capacity of pipes [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Storage capacity of pipes [mm] Runoff amounting to less than the value specified here is assumed to be removed by pipes.
- PopDensDay#
- Description
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha -1 ] Population density is required if EmissionsMethod = 2 in RunControl.nml . The model will use the average of daytime and night-time population densities, unless only one is provided. If daytime population density is unknown, set to -999.
- PopDensNight#
- Description
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha -1 ] Population density is required if EmissionsMethod = 2 in RunControl.nml . The model will use the average of daytime and night-time population densities, unless only one is provided. If night-time population density is unknown, set to -999.
- PopProfWD#
- Description
Code for population density profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for population density profile (weekdays).
- PopProfWE#
- Description
Code for population density profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for population density profile (weekends)
- PorosityMax#
- Description
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for
DecTr
(can affect roughness calculation)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for DecTr (can affect roughness calculation)
- PorosityMin#
- Description
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for
DecTr
(can affect roughness calculation)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for DecTr (can affect roughness calculation)
- PrecipLimAlb#
- Description
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow. Then snow albedo is reset to AlbedoMax [mm]
- PrecipLimSnow#
- Description
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Auer [1974]
- pres#
- Description
Barometric pressure [kPa]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Barometric pressure [kPa]
- qe#
- Description
Latent heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Latent heat flux [W m-2]
- qf#
- Description
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2]
- QF_A_WD#
- Description
Base value for QF on weekdays [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.3081 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.1 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- QF_A_WE#
- Description
Base value for QF on weekends [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.3081 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.1 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- QF_B_WD#
- Description
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0099 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.0099 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- QF_B_WE#
- Description
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0099 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.0099 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- QF_C_WD#
- Description
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0102 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.0102 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- QF_C_WE#
- Description
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Example values:
0.0102 [Järvi et al., 2011]
0.0102 [Järvi et al., 2014]
- q+_gkg#
- Description
specific humidity at the top of CBL [g kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
specific humidity at the top of CBL (g kg-1 )
- q_gkg#
- Description
specific humidiy in CBL [g kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
specific humidiy in CBL (g kg-1 )
- qh#
- Description
Sensible heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Sensible heat flux [W m-2]
- qn#
- Description
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Required if
NetRadiationMethod
= 1.
- qs#
- Description
Storage heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Storage heat flux [W m-2]
- RadMeltFactor#
- Description
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1]
- rain#
- Description
Rainfall [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Rainfall [mm]
- RH#
- Description
Relative Humidity [%]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Relative Humidity [%]
- RunoffToWater#
- Description
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-] Value must be in the range 0-1. Fraction of above-ground runoff that can flow to the water surface in the case of flooding.
- S1#
- Description
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to soil moisture dependence [-] These will change in the future to ensure consistency with soil behaviour
- S2#
- Description
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm] These will change in the future to ensure consistency with soil behaviour
- SatHydraulicCond#
- Description
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1]
- SDDFull#
- Description
The sensesence degree days (SDD) needed to initiate leaf off. [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
This should be checked carefully for your study area using modelled LAI from the DailyState output file compared to known behaviour in the study area. See section 2.2 of Järvi et al. [2011] and Appendix A of Järvi et al. [2014] for more details.
Example values:
-450:
EveTr
[Järvi et al., 2011]-450:
DecTr
[Järvi et al., 2011]-450:
Grass
[Järvi et al., 2011]
- snow#
- Description
Snowfall [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Required if
SnowUse
= 1
- SnowClearingProfWD#
- Description
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. e.g. 1 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Profiles.txt which has 1 in column 1 (Code).
- SnowClearingProfWE#
- Description
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. e.g. 1 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Profiles.txt which has 1 in column 1 (Code). Providing the same code for
SnowClearingProfWD
andSnowClearingProfWE
would link to the same row in SUEWS_Profiles.txt, i.e. the same profile would be used for weekdays and weekends.
- SnowCode#
- Description
Code for snow surface characteristics linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Snow.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for snow surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Snow.txt, which contains the attributes describing snow surfaces in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Snow.txt.
- SnowDensMax#
- Description
Maximum snow density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
- SnowDensMin#
- Description
Fresh snow density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
- SnowLimPatch#
- Description
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Limit of snow water equivalent when the surface is fully covered with snow. Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml .Example values:
190: Paved [Järvi et al., 2014]
190: Bldgs [Järvi et al., 2014]
190: BSoil [Järvi et al., 2014]
Limit of snow water equivalent when the surface is fully covered with snow. Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml .Example values:
190: EveTr [Järvi et al., 2014]
190: DecTr [Järvi et al., 2014]
190: Grass [Järvi et al., 2014]
- SnowLimRemove#
- Description
Limit of the snow water equivalent for snow removal from roads and roofs [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml . Not available in this version.Example values [mm]
40:
Paved
[Järvi et al., 2014]100:
Bldgs
[Järvi et al., 2014]
- SoilDensity#
- Description
Soil density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Soil density [kg m-3]
- SoilDepth#
- Description
Depth of soil beneath the surface [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Depth of sub-surface soil store [mm] i.e. the depth of soil beneath the surface
- SoilStoreCap#
- Description
Limit value for
SoilDepth
[mm]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
SoilStoreCap must not be greater than SoilDepth.
- SoilTypeCode#
- Description
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Soil.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for soil characteristics below this surface Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt, which contains the attributes describing sub-surface soil for this surface type. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt.
Code for soil characteristics below this surface Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt, which contains the attributes describing sub-surface soil for this surface type. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt.
- StartDLS#
- Description
Start of the day light savings [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Start of the day light savings [DOY] See Day Light Savings (DLS).
- StateLimit#
- Description
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm]
Currently only used for the water surface. Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). WaterDepth (column 9) must not exceed this value.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Currently only used for the water surface
Currently only used for the water surface
Surface state cannot exceed this value. Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). WaterDepth (column 9) must not exceed this value.
- StorageMax#
- Description
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces - set the same as
StorageMin
.Example values:
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-off/leaf-on differences for vegetated surfaces) Only used for
DecTr
surfaces - setEveTr
andGrass
values the same asStorageMin
.Example values:
1.3:
EveTr
[Breuer et al., 2003]0.8:
DecTr
[Breuer et al., 2003]1.9:
Grass
[Breuer et al., 2003]
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation - not used for water surfaces so set same as
StorageMin
.
- StorageMin#
- Description
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces - set the same as
StorageMax
.Example values:
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-off/leaf-on differences for vegetated surfaces).
Example values:
1.3
EveTr
[Breuer et al., 2003]0.3
DecTr
[Breuer et al., 2003]1.9
Grass
[Breuer et al., 2003]
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation - not used for water surfaces.
Example values:
-0.5
Water
- SurfaceArea#
- Description
Area of the grid [ha].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Area of the grid [ha].
- Surf_k1#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k2#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k3#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the third layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k4#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k5#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp1#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp2#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp3#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp4#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp5#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_thick1#
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for roofs (building surfaces) and ground (all other surfaces)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the first layer [m] for roofs (building surfaces) and ground (all other surfaces)
- Surf_thick2#
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick3#
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick4#
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick5#
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Tair#
- Description
Air temperature [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Air temperature [°C]
- tau_a#
- Description
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-]
- tau_f#
- Description
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-]
- tau_r#
- Description
Time constant for snow density ageing [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Time constant for snow density ageing [-]
- TCritic_Heating_WD#
- Description
Critical heating temperature on weekdays [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Heating_WE#
- Description
Critical heating temperature on weekends [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Cooling_WD#
- Description
Critical cooling temperature on weekdays [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Cooling_WE#
- Description
Critical cooling temperature on weekends [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TempMeltFactor#
- Description
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1] (In previous model version, this parameter was 0.12)
- TH#
- Description
Upper air temperature limit [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Upper air temperature limit [°C]
- Theta+_K#
- Description
potential temperature at the top of CBL [K]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
potential temperature at the top of CBL (K)
- Theta_K#
- Description
potential temperature in CBL [K]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
potential temperature in CBL (K)
- Tiair#
- Description
Indoor air temperature [˚C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Indoor air temperature [˚C]
- Timezone#
- Description
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s).
- TL#
- Description
Lower air temperature limit [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Lower air temperature limit [°C]
- ToBldgs#
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Bldgs
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water going to
Bldgs
- ToBSoil#
- Description
Fraction of water going to
BSoil
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water going to
BSoil
- ToDecTr#
- Description
Fraction of water going to
DecTr
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Fraction of water going to
DecTr
- ToEveTr#
- ToGrass#
- ToPaved#
- ToRunoff#
- ToSoilStore#
- ToWater#
- TraffProfWD#
- Description
Code for traffic activity profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Not used in v2018a.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TraffProfWE#
- Description
Code for traffic activity profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Not used in v2018a.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficUnits#
- Description
Units for the traffic rate for the study area. Not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficRate_WD#
- Description
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficRate_WE#
- Description
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- Troad#
- Description
Ground surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Ground surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)
- Troof#
- Description
Roof surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Roof surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)
- Tsurf#
- Description
Bulk surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 0)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Bulk surface temperature [˚C] (used when TsurfCoice = 0)
- Twall#
- Description
Wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1)
- Twall_e#
- Description
East-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
East-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_n#
- Description
North-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
North-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_s#
- Description
South-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
South-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_w#
- Description
West-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
West-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- U#
- Description
Wind speed. [m s-1. ]Height of the wind speed measurement (
z
) is needed in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt .- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Height of the wind speed measurement (z) is needed in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
- Wall_k1#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k2#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k3#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k4#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k5#
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp1#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp2#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp3#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp4#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp5#
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_thick1#
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Wall_thick2#
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick3#
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick4#
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick5#
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- WaterDepth#
- Description
Water depth [mm].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). This value must not exceed StateLimit (column 8).
- WaterUseProfAutoWD#
- Description
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified inCode
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfAutoWE#
- Description
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified inCode
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfManuWD#
- Description
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfManuWE#
- Description
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- wdir#
- Description
Wind direction [deg].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Not available in this version.
- WetThreshold#
- Description
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
0.6 Paved
0.6 Bldgs
BSoil
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
1.8 EveTr
DecTr
Grass
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
0.5 Water
- WithinGridBldgsCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Bldgs
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Bldgs surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridBSoilCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
BSoil
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from BSoil surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridDecTrCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
DecTr
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from DecTr surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridEveTrCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
EveTr
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from EveTr surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridGrassCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Grass
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Grass surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridPavedCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Paved
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Paved surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridWaterCode#
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- Wuh#
- Description
External water use [m3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
External water use [ m3]
- xsmd#
- Description
Observed soil moisture; can be provided either as volumetric ([m3 m-3] when
SMDMethod
= 1) or gravimetric quantity ([kg kg-1] whenSMDMethod
= 2). This should be used in conjunction with other soil properties in SUEWS_Soil.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Observed soil moisture [ m3 m-3 or kg kg-1]
- Year#
- Description
Year [YYYY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Year [YYYY] Years must be continuous. If running multiple years, ensure the rows in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are arranged so that all grids for a particular year appear on consecutive lines (rather than grouping all years together for a particular grid).
- z#
- Description
Measurement height [m] for all atmospheric forcing variables set in SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
z must be greater than the displacement height. Forcing data should be representative of the local-scale, i.e. above the height of the roughness elements.
- z0#
- Description
Roughness length for momentum [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Value supplied here is used if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 1 in RunControl.nml ; otherwise set to ‘-999’ and a value will be calculated by the model (RoughLenMomMethod
= 2, 3).
- zd#
- Description
Zero-plane displacement [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
Value supplied here is used if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 1 in RunControl.nml ; otherwise set to-999
and a value will be calculated by the model (RoughLenMomMethod
= 2, 3).
- zi0#
- Description
initial convective boundary layer height (m)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
initial convective boundary layer height [m]
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Typical Values#
Other values to add - please let us know
Generic Properties#
Property |
General Type |
Value |
Description |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.09 |
Paved Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
Non Vegetated |
0.15 |
Buildings Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Non Vegetated |
0.19 |
Bare Soil, Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Non Vegetated |
0.12 |
Paved |
Oke [2002] |
|
Non Vegetated |
0.15 |
Buildings |
Oke [2002] |
|
Non Vegetated |
0.21 |
Bare Soil |
Oke [2002] |
|
Emissivity |
Non Vegetated |
0.95 |
Paved |
Oke [2002] |
Non Vegetated |
0.91 |
Buildings |
Oke [2002] |
|
Non Vegetated |
0.93 |
Bare Soil |
Oke [2002] |
|
Surface Water storage capacity |
Non Vegetated |
0.48 |
Paved |
Davies and Hollis [1981] |
Non Vegetated |
0.25 |
Buildings |
Falk and Niemczynowicz [1978] |
|
Albedo |
Vegetation |
0.1 |
EveTr |
|
Vegetation |
0.12 |
DecTr |
||
Vegetation |
0.18 |
Grass |
||
Vegetated |
0.1 |
EveTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.16 |
DecTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.19 |
Grass Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.1 |
EveTr |
Oke [2002] |
|
Vegetated |
0.18 |
DecTr |
Oke [2002] |
|
Vegetated |
0.21 |
Grass |
Oke [2002] |
|
Emissivity |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
EveTr |
Oke [2002] |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
DecTr |
Oke [2002] |
|
Vegetated |
0.93 |
Grass |
Oke [2002] |
|
water Storage Minimum capacity (mm) |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
Vegetated |
0.3 |
DecTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
Vegetated |
0.8 |
DecTr |
Grimmond and Oke (1991) |
|
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Albedo Max (leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.12 |
DecTr |
|
Vegetated |
0.18 |
Grass |
||
Vegetated |
0.1 |
EveTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.16 |
DecTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.19 |
Grass Helsinki |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Vegetated |
0.1 |
EveTr |
Oke [2002] |
|
Vegetated |
0.18 |
DecTr |
Oke [2002] |
|
Vegetated |
0.21 |
Grass |
Oke [2002] |
|
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
EveTr |
Oke [2002] |
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
DecTr |
Oke [2002] |
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.93 |
Grass |
Oke [2002] |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm]
|
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
Vegetated |
0.3 |
DecTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
Vegetated |
0.8 |
DecTr |
Grimmond and Oke (1991) |
|
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. [2003] |
|
AlbedoMin |
Water |
0.1 |
Water |
Oke [2002] |
AlbedoMax |
Water |
0.1 |
Water |
Oke [2002] |
Emissivity |
Water |
0.95 |
Water |
Oke [2002] |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
Water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
WetThreshold |
water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
StateLimit
|
Water |
20000 |
Water |
|
RadMeltFactor |
Snow |
0.0016 |
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1] |
|
TempMeltFactor |
Snow |
0.12 |
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm °C -1 h-1] |
|
AlbedoMin |
Snow |
0-1 |
Minimum snow albedo [-] - 0.18 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
AlbedoMax * Maximum snow albedo (fresh snow) [-] |
Snow |
0.85 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
Emissivity * Effective surface emissivity. * View factors should be taken into account |
Snow |
0.99 |
Snow |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
tau_a * Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-] |
Snow |
0.018 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
tau_f *Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-] |
Snow |
0.11 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
PrecipiLimAlb |
Snow |
2 |
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow. Then snow albedo is reset to AlbedoMax [mm] |
|
snowDensMin |
Snow |
100 |
Fresh snow density [kg m-3] |
|
snowDensMax |
Snow |
400 |
Maximum snow density [kg m-3] |
|
tau_r *Time constant for snow density ageing [-] |
Snow |
0.043 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
CRWMin *Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
Snow |
0.05 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
CRWMax *Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
Snow |
0.2 |
Järvi et al. [2014] |
|
PrecipLimSnow |
Snow |
2.2 |
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C] |
Auer [1974] |
SoilDepth |
Snow |
350 |
Depth of sub-surface soil store [mm] *depth of soil beneath the surface |
|
SoilStoreCap |
Soil |
150 |
Capacity of sub-surface soil store [mm] |
|
how much water can be stored in the sub-surface soil when at maximum capacity. |
||||
(SoilStoreCap must not be greater than SoilDepth.) |
||||
SatHydraulicCond |
Soil |
0.0005 |
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1] |
|
SoilDensity |
Soil |
1.16 |
Soil density [kg m-3] |
|
InfiltrationRate |
Soil |
Infiltration rate [mm h-1] |
||
OBS_SMDepth |
Soil |
Depth of soil moisture measurements [mm] |
||
OBS_SMCap |
Soil |
Maxiumum observed soil moisture [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1] |
||
OBS_SoilNotRocks |
Soil |
Fraction of soil without rocks [-] |
The above text files (used to be stored as worksheets in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm for versions prior to v2018a) can be edited directly (see Data Entry). Please note this file is subject to possible changes from version to version due to new features, modifications, etc. Please be aware of using the correct copy of this worksheet that are always shipped with the SUEWS public release.
Tip
See SUEWS input converter for conversion of input file between different versions.
Typical values for various properties can be found here.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Initial Conditions file#
To start the model, information about the conditions at the start of the
run is required. This information is provided in initial conditions
file. One file can be specified for each grid
(MultipleInitFiles=1
in
RunControl.nml, filename includes grid number) or,
alternatively, a single file can be specified for all grids
(MultipleInitFiles=0 in RunControl.nml, no grid
number in the filename). After that, a new
InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml file will be written for each grid for
the following years. It is recommended that you look at these files
(written to the input directory) to check the status of various surfaces
at the end or the run. This may help you get more realistic starting
values if you are uncertain what they should be. Note this file will be
created for each year for multiyear runs for each grid. If the run
finishes before the end of the year the InitialConditions file is still
written and the file name is appended with ‘_EndofRun’.
A sample file of InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml looks like
&InitialConditions
LeavesOutInitially=0
SoilstorePavedState=150
SoilstoreBldgsState=150
SoilstoreEveTrstate=150
SoilstoreDecTrState=150
SoilstoreGrassState=150
SoilstoreBSoilState=150
BoInit=10
/
The two most important pieces of information in the initial conditions file is the soil moisture and state of vegetation at the start of the run. This is the minimal information required; other information can be provided if known, otherwise SUEWS will make an estimate of initial conditions.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Note
Variables can be in any order
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Soil moisture states#
- SoilstorePavedState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Paved
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreBldgsState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Bldgs
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreEveTrState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
EveTr
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreDecTrState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
DecTr
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreGrassState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Grass
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreBSoilState#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
BSoil
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Vegetation parameters#
- LeavesOutInitially#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Flag for initial leave status [1 or 0]
- Configuration
If the model run starts in winter when trees are bare, set
LeavesOutInitially
= 0 and the vegetation parameters will be set accordingly based on the values set in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm. If the model run starts in summer when leaves are fully out, setLeavesOutInitially
= 1 and the vegetation parameters will be set accordingly based on the values set in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm. Not LeavesOutInitially can only be set to 0, 1 or -999 (fractional values cannot be used to indicate partial leaf-out). The value ofLeavesOutInitially
overrides any values provided for the individual vegetation parameters. To preventLeavesOutInitially
from setting the initial conditions, either omit it from the namelist or set to -999. If values are provided individually, they should be consistent the information provided in SUEWS_Veg.txt and the time of year. If values are provided individually, values for all required surfaces must be provided (i.e. specifying onlyalbGrass0
but notalbDecTr0
noralbEveTr0
is not permitted).
- GDD_1_0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
GDD related initial value
- Configuration
Cannot be negative. If leaves are already full, then this should be the same as
GDDFull
in SUEWS_Veg.txt. If winter, set to 0. It is important that the vegetation characteristics are set correctly (i.e. for the start of the run in summer/winter).
- GDD_2_0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
GDD related initial value
- Configuration
Cannot be positive If the leaves are full but in early/mid summer then set to 0. If late summer or autumn , this should be a negative value. If leaves are off , then use the values of
SDDFull
in SUEWS_Veg.txt to guide your minimum value. It is important that the vegetation characteristics are set correctly (i.e. for the start of the run in summer/winter).
- LAIinitialEveTr#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for evergreen trees
EveTr
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- LAIinitialDecTr#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for deciduous trees
DecTr
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- LAIinitialGrass#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for irrigated grass
Grass
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albEveTr0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of evergreen surface
EveTr
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albDecTr0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of deciduous surface
DecTr
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albGrass0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of grass surface
Grass
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- decidCap0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Storage capacity of deciduous surface
DecTr
on day 0 of run.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- porosity0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Porosity of deciduous vegetation on day 0 of run.
- Configuration
This varies between 0.2 (leaf-on) and 0.6 (leaf-off). The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Recent meteorology#
- DaysSinceRain#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Days since rain [d]
- Configuration
Important to use correct value if starting in summer season If starting when external water use is not occurring it will be reset with the first rain so can just be set to 0. If unknown, SUEWS sets to zero by default. Used to model irrigation.
- Temp_C0#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial air temperature [degC]
- Configuration
If unknown, SUEWS uses the mean temperature for the first day of the run.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Above ground state#
- PavedState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Paved
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- BldgsState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Bldgs
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- EveTrState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
EveTr
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- DecTrState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
DecTr
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- GrassState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Grass
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- BSoilState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
BSoil
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- WaterState#
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Water
- Configuration
For a large water body (e.g. river, sea, lake) set WaterState to a large value, e.g. 20000 mm; for small water bodies (e.g. ponds, fountains) set WaterState to smaller value, e.g. 1000 mm. This value must not exceed StateLimit specified in SUEWS_Water.txt . If unknown, model uses value of WaterDepth specified in SUEWS_Water.txt .
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Meteorological Input File#
SUEWS is designed to run using commonly measured meteorological variables (e.g. incoming solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, etc.).
When preparing this input file, please note the following:
Required inputs must be continuous – i.e. gap fill any missing data.
Temporal information (i.e.,
iy
,id
,it
andimin
) should be in local time and indicate the ending timestamp of corresponding periods: e.g. for hourly data,2021-09-12 13:00
indicates a record for the period between2021-09-12 12:00
(inclusive) and2021-09-12 13:00
(exclusive).The table below gives the must-use (
MU
) and optional (O
) additional input variables. If an optional input variable (O
) is not available or will not be used by the model, enter ‘-999’ for this column.One single meteorological file can be used for all grids (MultipleMetFiles=0 in RunControl.nml, no grid number in file name) if appropriate for the study area.
Separate met files can be used for each grid if data are available (MultipleMetFiles=1 in RunControl.nml, filename includes grid number).
The meteorological forcing file names should be appended with the temporal resolution in minutes:
tt
inSS_YYYY_data_tt.txt
(orSSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt
for multiple grids).Separate met forcing files should be provided for each year.
Files do not need to start/end at the start/end of the year, but they must contain a whole number of days.
The meteorological input file should match the information given in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If a partial year is used that specific year must be given in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If multiple years are used, all years should be included in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If a whole year (e.g. 2011) is intended to be modelled using and hourly resolution dataset, the number of lines in the met data file should be 8760 and begin and end with:
iy id it imin 2011 1 1 0 … … 2012 1 0 0 …
SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt#
Changed in version v2017a: Since v2017a forcing files no longer need to end with two rows containing ‘-9’ in the first column.
Main meteorological data file.
No. |
Use |
Column Name |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
|
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
|
5 |
qn |
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2] (Required if |
|
6 |
qh |
Sensible heat flux [W m-2] |
|
7 |
qe |
Latent heat flux [W m-2] |
|
8 |
qs |
Storage heat flux [W m-2] |
|
9 |
qf |
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2] |
|
10 |
U |
Wind speed [m s-1] (measurement height ( |
|
11 |
RH |
Relative Humidity [%] (measurement height ( |
|
12 |
Tair |
Air temperature [°C] (measurement height ( |
|
13 |
pres |
Barometric pressure [kPa] (measurement height ( |
|
14 |
rain |
Rainfall [mm] (measurement height ( |
|
15 |
kdown |
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] Must be > 0 W m-2. |
|
16 |
snow |
Snow cover fraction (0 – 1) [-] (Required if |
|
17 |
ldown |
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2] |
|
18 |
fcld |
Cloud fraction [tenths] |
|
19 |
Wuh |
External water use [m3] |
|
20 |
xsmd |
Observed soil moisture [m3 m-3] or [kg kg-1] |
|
21 |
lai |
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2] |
|
22 |
kdiff |
Diffuse radiation [W m-2] Recommended in this version. if |
|
23 |
kdir |
Direct radiation [W m-2] Recommended in this version. if |
|
24 |
wdir |
Wind direction [°] Not available in this version. |
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
CBL input files#
Main references for this part of the model: Onomura et al. [2015] and Cleugh and Grimmond [2001].
If CBL slab model is used (CBLUse = 1
in RunControl.nml) the following files are needed.
Filename |
Purpose |
---|---|
Gives initial data every morning * when CBL slab model starts running. * filename must match the InitialData_FileName in CBLInput.nml * fixed formats. |
|
Specifies run options, parameters and input file names. * Can be in any order |
CBL_initial_data.txt#
This file should give initial data every morning when CBL slab model starts running. The file name should match the InitialData_FileName in CBLInput.nml.
Definitions and example file of initial values prepared for Sacramento.
No. |
Column name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
2 |
zi0 |
Initial convective boundary layer height (m) |
3 |
gamt_Km |
Vertical gradient of potential temperature (K m-1) strength of the inversion |
4 |
gamq_gkgm |
Vertical gradient of specific humidity (g kg-1 m-1) |
5 |
Theta+_K |
Potential temperature at the top of CBL (K) |
6 |
q+_gkg |
Specific humidity at the top of CBL (g kg-1) |
7 |
Theta_K |
Potential temperature in CBL (K) |
8 |
q_gkg |
Specific humidiy in CBL (g kg-1) |
gamt_Km and gamq_gkgm written to two significant figures are required for the model performance in appropriate ranges [Onomura et al., 2015].
id |
zi0 |
gamt_Km |
gamq_gkgm |
Theta+_K |
q+_gkg |
theta_K |
q_gkg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
234 |
188 |
0.0032 |
0.00082 |
290.4 |
9.6 |
288.7 |
8.3 |
235 |
197 |
0.0089 |
0.089 |
290.2 |
8.4 |
288.3 |
8.7 |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
CBLInput.nml#
sample file of CBLInput.nml looks like
&CBLInput
EntrainmentType=1 ! 1.Tennekes and Driedonks(1981), 2.McNaughton and Springgs(1986), 3.Rayner and Watson(1991),4.Tennekes(1973),
QH_choice=1 ! 1.suews 2.lumps 3.obs
CO2_included=0
cblday(236)=1
cblday(258)=1
cblday(259)=1
cblday(260)=1
cblday(285)=1
cblday(297)=1
wsb=-0.01
InitialData_use=1
InitialDataFileName='CBLinputfiles/CBL_initial_data.txt'
sondeflag=0
FileSonde(234)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0822_0650.txt'
FileSonde(235)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0823_0715.txt'
FileSonde(236)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0824_0647.txt'
FileSonde(238)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0826_0642.txt'
FileSonde(239)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0827_0640.txt'
FileSonde(240)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0828_0640.txt'
/
Note
The file contents can be in any order.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
CBLinput#
- EntrainmentType#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines entrainment scheme. See Cleugh and Grimmond 2000 [16] for details.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Tennekes and Driedonks (1981) - Recommended in this version.
2
McNaughton and Springs (1986)
3
Rayner and Watson (1991)
4
Tennekes (1973)
- QH_Choice#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines QH used for CBL model.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
QH modelled by SUEWS
2
QH modelled by LUMPS
3
Observed QH values are used from the meteorological input file
- InitialData_use#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines initial values (see CBL_initial_data.txt)
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
All initial values are calculated. Not available in this version.
1
Take zi0, gamt_Km and gamq_gkgm from input data file. Theta+_K, q+_gkg, Theta_K and q_gkg are calculated using Temp_C, avrh and Pres_kPa in meteorological input file.
2
Take all initial values from input data file (see CBL_Initial_data.txt).
- Sondeflag#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
to fill
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Does not read radiosonde vertical profile data - Recommended in this version.
1
Reads radiosonde vertical profile data
- CBLday(id)#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Set CBLday(id) = 1 If CBL model is set to run for DOY 175–177, CBLday(175) = 1, CBLday(176) = 1, CBLday(177) = 1
- Configuration
to fill
- CO2_included#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Set to zero in current version
- Configuration
to fill
- FileSonde(id)#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
If Sondeflag=1, write the file name including the path from site directory e.g. FileSonde(id)= ‘CBLinputfilesXXX.txt’, XXX is an arbitrary name.
- Configuration
to fill
- InitialDataFileName#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
If InitialData_use ≥ 1, write the file name including the path from site directory e.g. InitialDataFileName=’CBLinputfilesCBL_initial_data.txt’
- Configuration
to fill
- Wsb#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Subsidence velocity (m s-1 ) in eq. 1 and 2 of Onomura et al. (2015) [17] . (-0.01 m s-1 Recommended in this version.)
- Configuration
to fill
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
ESTM input files#
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt#
Note ESTM is under development in this release and should not be used!
The Element Surface Temperature Method (ESTM) [Offerle et al., 2005] calculates the net storage heat flux from surface temperatures. In the method the three-dimensional urban volume is reduced to four 1-d elements (i.e. building roofs, walls, and internal mass and ground (road, vegetation, etc)). The storage heat flux is calculated from the heat conduction through the different elements. For the inside surfaces of the roof and walls, and both surfaces for the internal mass (ceilings/floors, internal walls), the surface temperature of the element is determined by setting the conductive heat transfer out of (in to) the surface equal to the radiative and convective heat losses (gains). Each element (roof, wall, internal element and ground) can have maximum five layers and each layer has three parameters tied to it: thickness (x), thermal conductivity (k), volumetric heat capacity (rhoCp).
If ESTM is used (StorageHeatMethod
=4), the files
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt,
ESTMinput.nml and
SSss_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data_tt.txt
should be prepared.
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt contains the parameters for the layers of each of the elements (roofs, wall, ground, internal mass).
If less than five layers are used, the parameters for unused layers should be set to -999.
The ESTM coefficients with the prefix Surf_ must be specified for each surface type (plus snow) but the Wall_ and Internal_ variables apply to the building surfaces only.
For each grid, one set of ESTM coefficients must be specified for each surface type; for paved and building surfaces it is possible to specify up to three and five sets of coefficients per grid (e.g. to represent different building materials) using the relevant columns in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. For the model to use these columns in site select, the ESTMCode column in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt should be set to zero.
The following input files are required if ESTM is used to calculate the storage heat flux.
ESTMinput.nml#
ESTMinput.nml specifies the model settings and default values.
A sample file of ESTMinput.nml looks like
&ESTMinput
TsurfChoice= 0
evolveTibld= 0 ! !!!!!FO!!!!! 0 originally
ibldCHmod = 0
LBC_soil = 13.00 !!FO!! 4, 8 or 17 degC - could be set as the annual mean air temperature (12.8 degC for London)
THEAT_ON = 18.
THEAT_OFF = 22.
THEAT_FIX = 19.
/
Note
The file contents can be in any order.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
ESTMinput#
- TsurfChoice#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Source of surface temperature data used.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Tsurf
in SSss_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data_tt.txt used for all surface elements.1
Input surface temperature are different for ground, roof and wall.
2
Wall surface temperature is different for four directions.
- evolveTibld#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Source of internal building temperature (Tibld)
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Tiair
in SSss_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data_tt.txt used.1
Tibld calculated considering the effect of anthropogenic heat from HVAC
2
Tibld calculated without considering the influence of HVAC.
- IbldCHmod#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Method to calculate internal convective heat exchange coefficients (CH) for internal building, wall and roof if evolveTibld is 1 or 2.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
CHs are read from SUEWS_ESTMcoefficients.txt.
1
CHs are calculated based on ASHRAE (2001)
2
CHs are calculated based on Awbi (1998).
- LBC_soil#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Soil temperature at lowest boundary condition [˚C]
- Configuration
to fill
- Theat_fix#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Ideal internal building temperature [˚C]
- Configuration
to fill
- Theat_off#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Temperature at which heat control is turned off (used when evolveTibld=1) [˚C]
- Configuration
to fill
- Theat_on#
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Temperature at which heat control is turned on (used when evolveTibld =1) [˚C]
- Configuration
to fill
SSss_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data_tt.txt#
SSss_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data_tt.txt contains a time-series of input surface temperature for roof, wall, ground and internal elements.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Year [YYYY] |
||
2 |
Day of year [DOY] |
||
3 |
Hour [H] |
||
4 |
Minute [M] |
||
5 |
Indoor air temperature [˚C] |
||
6 |
Bulk surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
7 |
Roof surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
8 |
Ground surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
9 |
Wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
10 |
North-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
11 |
East-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
12 |
South-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
||
13 |
West-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when |
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS-SPARTACUS (SS) input files#
To run SUEWS-SS the SS specific files that need to be modified are:
Non-SS specific SUEWS input file parameters also need to have appropriate values. For example, LAI, albedos and emissivities are used by SUEWS-SS as explained in More background information.
RunControl.nml#
See NetRadiationMethod
(sensible values are 1001, 1002 or 1003) in RunControl.nml parameter.
SUEWS_SPARTACUS.nml#
This file is used to specify the SS model options when coupled to SUEWS.
A sample file of SUEWS_SPARTACUS.nml is shown below:
&Spartacus
nlayers = 1
use_sw_direct_albedo = false
n_vegetation_region_urban = 1
nsw = 1
nlw = 1
nspec = 1
n_stream_sw_urban = 8
n_stream_lw_urban = 8
sw_dn_direct_frac = 0.0
air_ext_sw = 0.0
air_ssa_sw = 0.95
veg_ssa_sw = 0.13
air_ext_lw = 0.0
air_ssa_lw = 0.0
veg_ssa_lw = 0.01
ground_albedo_dir_mult_fact = 1.
/
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
SUEWS input converter#
Note
The SUEWS table converter has been integrated into SuPy as a command line tool suews-convert since v2020a. Please install SuPy and run suews-convert to convert input tables from an older version to a newer one.
Usage#
Please refer to the SuPy API page.
Example (from 2018a to 2020a)#
Assuming your 2018a files are all included in the folder your_2018a_folder
and your desirable converted files should be placed in a new folder your_2020a_folder
, please do the following in your command line tool:
suews-convert -f 2018a -t 2020a -i your_2018a_folder -o your_2020a_folder
Tip
suews-convert will use the RunControl.nml
file in your original folder to determine the location of input tables.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Output files#
Runtime diagnostic information#
Error messages: problems.txt#
If there are problems running the program serious error messages will be written to problems.txt.
Serious problems will usually cause the program to stop after writing the error message. If this is the case, the last line of Error messages: problems.txt will contain a non-zero number (the error code).
If the program runs successfully, problems.txt file ends with:
Run completed. 0
SUEWS has a large number of error messages included to try to capture common errors to help the user determine what the problem is. If you encounter an error that does not provide an error message please capture the details so we can hopefully provide better error messages in future.
See Troubleshooting section for help solving problems. If the file paths are not correct the program will return an error when run (see Workflow of using SUEWS).
Warning messages: warnings.txt#
If the program encounters a more minor issue it will not stop but a warning may be written to warnings.txt. It is advisable to check the warnings to ensure there is not a more serious problem.
The warnings.txt file can be large (over several GBs) given warning messages are written out during a large scale simulation, you can use
tail
/head
to view the ending/starting part without opening the whole file on Unix-like systems (Linux/mac OS), which may slow down your system.To prevent warnings.txt from being written, set
SuppressWarnings
to 1 in RunControl.nml.Warning messages are usually written with a grid number, timestamp and error count. If the problem occurs in the initial stages (i.e. before grid numbers and timestamps are assigned, these are printed as 00000).
Summary of model parameters: SS_FileChoices.txt#
For each run, the model parameters specified in the input files are written out to the file SS_FileChoices.txt.
Model output files#
Note
Temporal information in output files (i.e., iy
, id
, it
and imin
if existing) are in local time (i.e. consistent with Meteorological Input File) and indicate the ending timestamp of corresponding periods: e.g. for hourly data, 2021-09-12 13:00
indicates a record for the period between 2021-09-12 12:00
(inclusive) and 2021-09-12 13:00
(exclusive).
SSss_YYYY_SUEWS_TT.txt#
SUEWS produces the main output file (SSss_YYYY_SUEWS_tt.txt) with time resolution (TT min) set by ResolutionFilesOut
in RunControl.nml.
Before these main data files are written out, SUEWS provides a summary of the column names, units and variables included in the file Ss_YYYY_TT_OutputFormat.txt (one file per run).
The variables included in the main output file are determined according to WriteOutOption
set in RunControl.nml.
Column |
Name |
WriteOutOption |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
0,1,2 |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
0,1,2 |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
0,1,2 |
Hour [H] |
4 |
Min |
0,1,2 |
Minute [M] |
5 |
Dectime |
0,1,2 |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
Kdown |
0,1,2 |
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
7 |
Kup |
0,1,2 |
Outgoing shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
8 |
Ldown |
0,1,2 |
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2] |
9 |
Lup |
0,1,2 |
Outgoing longwave radiation [W m-2] |
10 |
Tsurf |
0,1,2 |
Bulk surface temperature [°C] |
11 |
QN |
0,1,2 |
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2] |
12 |
QF |
0,1,2 |
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2] |
13 |
QS |
0,1,2 |
Storage heat flux [W m-2] |
14 |
QH |
0,1,2 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using SUEWS) [W m-2] |
15 |
QE |
0,1,2 |
Latent heat flux (calculated using SUEWS) [W m-2] |
16 |
QHlumps |
0,1 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using LUMPS) [W m-2] |
17 |
QElumps |
0,1 |
Latent heat flux (calculated using LUMPS) [W m-2] |
18 |
QHresis |
0,1 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using resistance method) [W m-2] |
19 |
Rain |
0,1,2 |
Rain [mm] |
20 |
Irr |
0,1,2 |
Irrigation [mm] |
21 |
Evap |
0,1,2 |
Evaporation [mm] |
22 |
RO |
0,1,2 |
Runoff [mm] |
23 |
TotCh |
0,1,2 |
Change in surface and soil moisture stores [mm] |
24 |
SurfCh |
0,1,2 |
Change in surface moisture store [mm] |
25 |
State |
0,1,2 |
Surface wetness state [mm] |
26 |
NWtrState |
0,1,2 |
Surface wetness state (for non-water surfaces) [mm] |
27 |
Drainage |
0,1,2 |
Drainage [mm] |
28 |
SMD |
0,1,2 |
Soil moisture deficit [mm] |
29 |
FlowCh |
0,1 |
Additional flow into water body [mm] |
30 |
AddWater |
0,1 |
Additional water flow received from other grids [mm] |
31 |
ROSoil |
0,1 |
Runoff to soil (sub-surface) [mm] |
32 |
ROPipe |
0,1 |
Runoff to pipes [mm] |
33 |
ROImp |
0,1 |
Above ground runoff over impervious surfaces [mm] |
34 |
ROVeg |
0,1 |
Above ground runoff over vegetated surfaces [mm] |
35 |
ROWater |
0,1 |
Runoff for water body [mm] |
36 |
WUInt |
0,1 |
Internal water use [mm] |
37 |
WUEveTr |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of evergreen trees [mm] |
38 |
WUDecTr |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of deciduous trees [mm] |
39 |
WUGrass |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of grass [mm] |
40 |
SMDPaved |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for paved surface [mm] |
41 |
SMDBldgs |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for building surface [mm] |
42 |
SMDEveTr |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for evergreen surface [mm] |
43 |
SMDDecTr |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for deciduous surface [mm] |
44 |
SMDGrass |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for grass surface [mm] |
45 |
SMDBSoil |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for bare soil surface [mm] |
46 |
StPaved |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for paved surface [mm] |
47 |
StBldgs |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for building surface [mm] |
48 |
StEveTr |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for evergreen tree surface [mm] |
49 |
StDecTr |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for deciduous tree surface [mm] |
50 |
StGrass |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for grass surface [mm] |
51 |
StBSoil |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for bare soil surface [mm] |
52 |
StWater |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for water surface [mm] |
53 |
Zenith |
0,1,2 |
Solar zenith angle [°] |
54 |
Azimuth |
0,1,2 |
Solar azimuth angle [°] |
55 |
AlbBulk |
0,1,2 |
Bulk albedo [-] |
56 |
Fcld |
0,1,2 |
Cloud fraction [-] |
57 |
LAI |
0,1,2 |
Leaf area index [m 2 m-2] |
58 |
z0m |
0,1 |
Roughness length for momentum [m] |
59 |
zdm |
0,1 |
Zero-plane displacement height [m] |
60 |
ustar |
0,1,2 |
Friction velocity [m s-1] |
61 |
Lob |
0,1,2 |
Obukhov length [m] |
62 |
RA |
0,1 |
Aerodynamic resistance [s m-1] |
63 |
RS |
0,1 |
Surface resistance [s m-1] |
64 |
Fc |
0,1,2 |
CO2 flux [umol m-2 s-1] |
65 |
FcPhoto |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from photosynthesis [umol m-2 s-1] |
66 |
FcRespi |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from respiration [umol m-2 s-1] |
67 |
FcMetab |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from metabolism [umol m-2 s-1] |
68 |
FcTraff |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from traffic [umol m-2 s-1] |
69 |
FcBuild |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from buildings [umol m-2 s-1] |
70 |
FcPoint |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from point source [umol m-2 s-1] |
71 |
QNSnowFr |
1 |
Net all-wave radiation for snow-free area [W m-2] |
72 |
QNSnow |
1 |
Net all-wave radiation for snow area [W m-2] |
73 |
AlbSnow |
1 |
Snow albedo [-] |
74 |
QM |
1 |
Snow-related heat exchange [W m-2] |
75 |
QMFreeze |
1 |
Internal energy change [W m-2] |
76 |
QMRain |
1 |
Heat released by rain on snow [W m-2] |
77 |
SWE |
1 |
Snow water equivalent [mm] |
78 |
MeltWater |
1 |
Meltwater [mm] |
79 |
MeltWStore |
1 |
Meltwater store [mm] |
80 |
SnowCh |
1 |
Change in snow pack [mm] |
81 |
SnowRPaved |
1 |
Snow removed from paved surface [mm] |
82 |
SnowRBldgs |
1 |
Snow removed from building surface [mm] |
83 |
Ts |
0,1,2 |
Skin temperature [°C] |
84 |
T2 |
0,1,2 |
Air temperature at 2 m agl [°C] |
85 |
Q2 |
0,1,2 |
Air specific humidity at 2 m agl [g kg-1] |
86 |
U10 |
0,1,2 |
Wind speed at 10 m agl [m s-1] |
87 |
RH2 |
0,1,2 |
Relative humidity at 2 m agl [%] |
SSss_DailyState.txt#
Contains information about the state of the surface and soil and vegetation parameters at a time resolution of one day. One file is written for each grid so it may contain multiple years.
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
Hour of the last timestep of a day [HH] |
4 |
Min |
Minute of the last timestep of a day [MM] |
5 |
HDD1_h |
Heating degree days [°C d] |
6 |
HDD2_c |
Cooling degree days [°C d] |
7 |
HDD3_Tmean |
Average daily air temperature in forcing data [°C] |
8 |
HDD4_T5d |
5-day running-mean air temperature in forcing data [°C] |
9 |
P_day |
Daily total precipitation [mm] |
10 |
DaysSR |
Days since rain [days] |
11 |
GDD_EveTr |
Growing degree days for evergreen tree [°C d] |
12 |
GDD_DecTr |
Growing degree days for deciduous tree [°C d] |
13 |
GDD_Grass |
Growing degree days for grass [°C d] |
14 |
SDD_EveTr |
Senescence degree days for evergreen tree [°C d] |
15 |
SDD_DecTr |
Senescence degree days for deciduous tree [°C d] |
16 |
SDD_Grass |
Senescence degree days for grass [°C d] |
17 |
Tmin |
Daily minimum temperature in forcing data [°C] |
18 |
Tmax |
Daily maximum temperature in forcing data [°C] |
19 |
DLHrs |
Day length [h] |
20 |
LAI_EveTr |
Leaf area index of evergreen trees [m-2 m-2] |
21 |
LAI_DecTr |
Leaf area index of deciduous trees [m-2 m-2] |
22 |
LAI_Grass |
Leaf area index of grass [m-2 m-2] |
23 |
DecidCap |
Moisture storage capacity of deciduous trees [mm] |
24 |
Porosity |
Porosity of deciduous trees [-] |
25 |
AlbEveTr |
Albedo of evergreen trees [-] |
26 |
AlbDecTr |
Albedo of deciduous trees [-] |
27 |
AlbGrass |
Albedo of grass [-] |
28 |
WU_EveTr1 |
Total water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
29 |
WU_EveTr2 |
Automatic water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
30 |
WU_EveTr3 |
Manual water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
31 |
WU_DecTr1 |
Total water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
32 |
WU_DecTr2 |
Automatic water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
33 |
WU_DecTr3 |
Manual water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
34 |
WU_Grass1 |
Total water use for grass [mm] |
35 |
WU_Grass2 |
Automatic water use for grass [mm] |
36 |
WU_Grass3 |
Manual water use for grass [mm] |
37 |
deltaLAI |
Change in leaf area index (normalised 0-1) [-] |
38 |
LAIlumps |
Leaf area index used in LUMPS (normalised 0-1) [-] |
39 |
AlbSnow |
Snow albedo [-] |
40 |
DensSnow_Paved |
Snow density - paved surface [kg m-3] |
41 |
DensSnow_Bldgs |
Snow density - building surface [kg m-3] |
42 |
DensSnow_EveTr |
Snow density - evergreen surface [kg m-3] |
43 |
DensSnow_DecTr |
Snow density - deciduous surface [kg m-3] |
44 |
DensSnow_Grass |
Snow density - grass surface [kg m-3] |
45 |
DensSnow_BSoil |
Snow density - bare soil surface [kg m-3] |
46 |
DensSnow_Water |
Snow density - water surface [kg m-3] |
47 |
a1 |
OHM cofficient a1 - [-] |
48 |
a2 |
OHM cofficient a2 [W m-2 h-1] |
49 |
a3 |
OHM cofficient a3 - [W m-2] |
InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml#
At the end of the model run (or the end of each year in the model run) a new InitialConditions file is written out (to the input folder) for each grid, see Initial Conditions file
SSss_YYYY_snow_TT.txt#
SUEWS produces a separate output file for snow (when SnowUse
= 1 in RunControl.nml) with details for each surface type.
File format of SSss_YYYY_snow_TT.txt
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
SWE_Paved |
Snow water equivalent – paved surface [mm] |
7 |
SWE_Bldgs |
Snow water equivalent – building surface [mm] |
8 |
SWE_EveTr |
Snow water equivalent – evergreen surface [mm] |
9 |
SWE_DecTr |
Snow water equivalent – deciduous surface [mm] |
10 |
SWE_Grass |
Snow water equivalent – grass surface [mm] |
11 |
SWE_BSoil |
Snow water equivalent – bare soil surface [mm] |
12 |
SWE_Water |
Snow water equivalent – water surface [mm] |
13 |
Mw_Paved |
Meltwater – paved surface [mm h-1] |
14 |
Mw_Bldgs |
Meltwater – building surface [mm h-1] |
15 |
Mw_EveTr |
Meltwater – evergreen surface [mm h-1] |
16 |
Mw_DecTr |
Meltwater – deciduous surface [mm h-1] |
17 |
Mw_Grass |
Meltwater – grass surface [mm h-1 1] |
18 |
Mw_BSoil |
Meltwater – bare soil surface [mm h-1] |
19 |
Mw_Water |
Meltwater – water surface [mm h-1] |
20 |
Qm_Paved |
Snowmelt-related heat – paved surface [W m-2] |
21 |
Qm_Bldgs |
Snowmelt-related heat – building surface [W m-2] |
22 |
Qm_EveTr |
Snowmelt-related heat – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
23 |
Qm_DecTr |
Snowmelt-related heat – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
24 |
Qm_Grass |
Snowmelt-related heat – grass surface [W m-2] |
25 |
Qm_BSoil |
Snowmelt-related heat – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
26 |
Qm_Water |
Snowmelt-related heat – water surface [W m-2] |
27 |
Qa_Paved |
Advective heat – paved surface [W m-2] |
28 |
Qa_Bldgs |
Advective heat – building surface [W m-2] |
29 |
Qa_EveTr |
Advective heat – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
30 |
Qa_DecTr |
Advective heat – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
31 |
Qa_Grass |
Advective heat – grass surface [W m-2] |
32 |
Qa_BSoil |
Advective heat – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
33 |
Qa_Water |
Advective heat – water surface [W m-2] |
34 |
QmFr_Paved |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – paved surface [W m-2] |
35 |
QmFr_Bldgs |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – building surface [W m-2] |
36 |
QmFr_EveTr |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
37 |
QmFr_DecTr |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
38 |
QmFr_Grass |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – grass surface [W m-2] |
39 |
QmFr_BSoil |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
40 |
QmFr_Water |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – water [W m-2] |
41 |
fr_Paved |
Fraction of snow – paved surface [-] |
42 |
fr_Bldgs |
Fraction of snow – building surface [-] |
43 |
fr_EveTr |
Fraction of snow – evergreen surface [-] |
44 |
fr_DecTr |
Fraction of snow – deciduous surface [-] |
45 |
fr_Grass |
Fraction of snow – grass surface [-] |
46 |
Fr_BSoil |
Fraction of snow – bare soil surface [-] |
47 |
RainSn_Paved |
Rain on snow – paved surface [mm] |
48 |
RainSn_Bldgs |
Rain on snow – building surface [mm] |
49 |
RainSn_EveTr |
Rain on snow – evergreen surface [mm] |
50 |
RainSn_DecTr |
Rain on snow – deciduous surface [mm] |
51 |
RainSn_Grass |
Rain on snow – grass surface [mm] |
52 |
RainSn_BSoil |
Rain on snow – bare soil surface [mm] |
53 |
RainSn_Water |
Rain on snow – water surface [mm] |
54 |
qn_PavedSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – paved surface [W m-2] |
55 |
qn_BldgsSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – building surface [W m-2] |
56 |
qn_EveTrSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
57 |
qn_DecTrSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
58 |
qn_GrassSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – grass surface [W m-2] |
59 |
qn_BSoilSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
60 |
qn_WaterSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – water surface [W m-2] |
61 |
kup_PavedSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – paved surface [W m-2] |
62 |
kup_BldgsSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – building surface [W m-2] |
63 |
kup_EveTrSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
64 |
kup_DecTrSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
65 |
kup_GrassSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – grass surface [W m-2] |
66 |
kup_BSoilSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
67 |
kup_WaterSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – water surface [W m-2] |
68 |
frMelt_Paved |
Amount of freezing melt water – paved surface [mm] |
69 |
frMelt_Bldgs |
Amount of freezing melt water – building surface [mm] |
70 |
frMelt_EveTr |
Amount of freezing melt water – evergreen surface [mm] |
71 |
frMelt_DecTr |
Amount of freezing melt water – deciduous surface [mm] |
72 |
frMelt_Grass |
Amount of freezing melt water – grass surface [mm] |
73 |
frMelt_BSoil |
Amount of freezing melt water – bare soil surface [mm] |
74 |
frMelt_Water |
Amount of freezing melt water – water surface [mm] |
75 |
MwStore_Paved |
Melt water store – paved surface [mm] |
76 |
MwStore_Bldgs |
Melt water store – building surface [mm] |
77 |
MwStore_EveTr |
Melt water store – evergreen surface [mm] |
78 |
MwStore_DecTr |
Melt water store – deciduous surface [mm] |
79 |
MwStore_Grass |
Melt water store – grass surface [mm] |
80 |
MwStore_BSoil |
Melt water store – bare soil surface [mm] |
81 |
MwStore_Water |
Melt water store – water surface [mm] |
82 |
DensSnow_Paved |
Snow density – paved surface [kg m-3] |
83 |
DensSnow_Bldgs |
Snow density – building surface [kg m-3] |
84 |
DensSnow_EveTr |
Snow density – evergreen surface [kg m-3] |
85 |
DensSnow_DecTr |
Snow density – deciduous surface [kg m-3] |
86 |
DensSnow_Grass |
Snow density – grass surface [kg m-3] |
87 |
DensSnow_BSoil |
Snow density – bare soil surface [kg m-3] |
88 |
DensSnow_Water |
Snow density – water surface [kg m-3] |
89 |
Sd_Paved |
Snow depth – paved surface [mm] |
90 |
Sd_Bldgs |
Snow depth – building surface [mm] |
91 |
Sd_EveTr |
Snow depth – evergreen surface [mm] |
92 |
Sd_DecTr |
Snow depth – deciduous surface [mm] |
93 |
Sd_Grass |
Snow depth – grass surface [mm] |
94 |
Sd_BSoil |
Snow depth – bare soil surface [mm] |
95 |
Sd_Water |
Snow depth – water surface [mm] |
96 |
Tsnow_Paved |
Snow surface temperature – paved surface [°C] |
97 |
Tsnow_Bldgs |
Snow surface temperature – building surface [°C] |
98 |
Tsnow_EveTr |
Snow surface temperature – evergreen surface [°C] |
99 |
Tsnow_DecTr |
Snow surface temperature – deciduous surface [°C] |
100 |
Tsnow_Grass |
Snow surface temperature – grass surface [°C] |
101 |
Tsnow_BSoil |
Snow surface temperature – bare soil surface [°C] |
102 |
Tsnow_Water |
Snow surface temperature – water surface [°C] |
SSss_YYYY_RSL_TT.txt#
SUEWS produces a separate output file for wind, temperature and humidity profiles in the roughness sublayer at 30 levels (see Wind, Temperature and Humidity Profiles in the Roughness Sublayer level details).
File format of SSss_YYYY_RSL_TT.txt:
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
Hour [H] |
4 |
Min |
Minute [M] |
5 |
Dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
z_1 |
Height at level 1 [m] |
7 |
z_2 |
Height at level 2 [m] |
8 |
z_3 |
Height at level 3 [m] |
9 |
z_4 |
Height at level 4 [m] |
10 |
z_5 |
Height at level 5 [m] |
11 |
z_6 |
Height at level 6 [m] |
12 |
z_7 |
Height at level 7 [m] |
13 |
z_8 |
Height at level 8 [m] |
14 |
z_9 |
Height at level 9 [m] |
15 |
z_10 |
Height at level 10 [m] |
16 |
z_11 |
Height at level 11 [m] |
17 |
z_12 |
Height at level 12 [m] |
18 |
z_13 |
Height at level 13 [m] |
19 |
z_14 |
Height at level 14 [m] |
20 |
z_15 |
Height at level 15 [m] |
21 |
z_16 |
Height at level 16 [m] |
22 |
z_17 |
Height at level 17 [m] |
23 |
z_18 |
Height at level 18 [m] |
24 |
z_19 |
Height at level 19 [m] |
25 |
z_20 |
Height at level 20 [m] |
26 |
z_21 |
Height at level 21 [m] |
27 |
z_22 |
Height at level 22 [m] |
28 |
z_23 |
Height at level 23 [m] |
29 |
z_24 |
Height at level 24 [m] |
30 |
z_25 |
Height at level 25 [m] |
31 |
z_26 |
Height at level 26 [m] |
32 |
z_27 |
Height at level 27 [m] |
33 |
z_28 |
Height at level 28 [m] |
34 |
z_29 |
Height at level 29 [m] |
35 |
z_30 |
Height at level 30 [m] |
36 |
U_1 |
Wind speed at level 1 [m s-1] |
37 |
U_2 |
Wind speed at level 2 [m s-1] |
38 |
U_3 |
Wind speed at level 3 [m s-1] |
39 |
U_4 |
Wind speed at level 4 [m s-1] |
40 |
U_5 |
Wind speed at level 5 [m s-1] |
41 |
U_6 |
Wind speed at level 6 [m s-1] |
42 |
U_7 |
Wind speed at level 7 [m s-1] |
43 |
U_8 |
Wind speed at level 8 [m s-1] |
44 |
U_9 |
Wind speed at level 9 [m s-1] |
45 |
U_10 |
Wind speed at level 10 [m s-1] |
46 |
U_11 |
Wind speed at level 11 [m s-1] |
47 |
U_12 |
Wind speed at level 12 [m s-1] |
48 |
U_13 |
Wind speed at level 13 [m s-1] |
49 |
U_14 |
Wind speed at level 14 [m s-1] |
50 |
U_15 |
Wind speed at level 15 [m s-1] |
51 |
U_16 |
Wind speed at level 16 [m s-1] |
52 |
U_17 |
Wind speed at level 17 [m s-1] |
53 |
U_18 |
Wind speed at level 18 [m s-1] |
54 |
U_19 |
Wind speed at level 19 [m s-1] |
55 |
U_20 |
Wind speed at level 20 [m s-1] |
56 |
U_21 |
Wind speed at level 21 [m s-1] |
57 |
U_22 |
Wind speed at level 22 [m s-1] |
58 |
U_23 |
Wind speed at level 23 [m s-1] |
59 |
U_24 |
Wind speed at level 24 [m s-1] |
60 |
U_25 |
Wind speed at level 25 [m s-1] |
61 |
U_26 |
Wind speed at level 26 [m s-1] |
62 |
U_27 |
Wind speed at level 27 [m s-1] |
63 |
U_28 |
Wind speed at level 28 [m s-1] |
64 |
U_29 |
Wind speed at level 29 [m s-1] |
65 |
U_30 |
Wind speed at level 30 [m s-1] |
66 |
T_1 |
Air temperature at level 1 [°C] |
67 |
T_2 |
Air temperature at level 2 [°C] |
68 |
T_3 |
Air temperature at level 3 [°C] |
69 |
T_4 |
Air temperature at level 4 [°C] |
70 |
T_5 |
Air temperature at level 5 [°C] |
71 |
T_6 |
Air temperature at level 6 [°C] |
72 |
T_7 |
Air temperature at level 7 [°C] |
73 |
T_8 |
Air temperature at level 8 [°C] |
74 |
T_9 |
Air temperature at level 9 [°C] |
75 |
T_10 |
Air temperature at level 10 [°C] |
76 |
T_11 |
Air temperature at level 11 [°C] |
77 |
T_12 |
Air temperature at level 12 [°C] |
78 |
T_13 |
Air temperature at level 13 [°C] |
79 |
T_14 |
Air temperature at level 14 [°C] |
80 |
T_15 |
Air temperature at level 15 [°C] |
81 |
T_16 |
Air temperature at level 16 [°C] |
82 |
T_17 |
Air temperature at level 17 [°C] |
83 |
T_18 |
Air temperature at level 18 [°C] |
84 |
T_19 |
Air temperature at level 19 [°C] |
85 |
T_20 |
Air temperature at level 20 [°C] |
86 |
T_21 |
Air temperature at level 21 [°C] |
87 |
T_22 |
Air temperature at level 22 [°C] |
88 |
T_23 |
Air temperature at level 23 [°C] |
89 |
T_24 |
Air temperature at level 24 [°C] |
90 |
T_25 |
Air temperature at level 25 [°C] |
91 |
T_26 |
Air temperature at level 26 [°C] |
92 |
T_27 |
Air temperature at level 27 [°C] |
93 |
T_28 |
Air temperature at level 28 [°C] |
94 |
T_29 |
Air temperature at level 29 [°C] |
95 |
T_30 |
Air temperature at level 30 [°C] |
96 |
q_1 |
Specific humidity at level 1 [g kg-1] |
97 |
q_2 |
Specific humidity at level 2 [g kg-1] |
98 |
q_3 |
Specific humidity at level 3 [g kg-1] |
99 |
q_4 |
Specific humidity at level 4 [g kg-1] |
100 |
q_5 |
Specific humidity at level 5 [g kg-1] |
101 |
q_6 |
Specific humidity at level 6 [g kg-1] |
102 |
q_7 |
Specific humidity at level 7 [g kg-1] |
103 |
q_8 |
Specific humidity at level 8 [g kg-1] |
104 |
q_9 |
Specific humidity at level 9 [g kg-1] |
105 |
q_10 |
Specific humidity at level 10 [g kg-1] |
106 |
q_11 |
Specific humidity at level 11 [g kg-1] |
107 |
q_12 |
Specific humidity at level 12 [g kg-1] |
108 |
q_13 |
Specific humidity at level 13 [g kg-1] |
109 |
q_14 |
Specific humidity at level 14 [g kg-1] |
110 |
q_15 |
Specific humidity at level 15 [g kg-1] |
111 |
q_16 |
Specific humidity at level 16 [g kg-1] |
112 |
q_17 |
Specific humidity at level 17 [g kg-1] |
113 |
q_18 |
Specific humidity at level 18 [g kg-1] |
114 |
q_19 |
Specific humidity at level 19 [g kg-1] |
115 |
q_20 |
Specific humidity at level 20 [g kg-1] |
116 |
q_21 |
Specific humidity at level 21 [g kg-1] |
117 |
q_22 |
Specific humidity at level 22 [g kg-1] |
118 |
q_23 |
Specific humidity at level 23 [g kg-1] |
119 |
q_24 |
Specific humidity at level 24 [g kg-1] |
120 |
q_25 |
Specific humidity at level 25 [g kg-1] |
121 |
q_26 |
Specific humidity at level 26 [g kg-1] |
122 |
q_27 |
Specific humidity at level 27 [g kg-1] |
123 |
q_28 |
Specific humidity at level 28 [g kg-1] |
124 |
q_29 |
Specific humidity at level 29 [g kg-1] |
125 |
q_30 |
Specific humidity at level 30 [g kg-1] |
SSss_YYYY_BL_TT.txt#
Meteorological variables modelled by CBL portion of the model are output in to this file created for each day with time step (see CBL input files).
Column |
Name |
Description |
Units |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year [DoY] |
|
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
|
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
|
6 |
zi |
Convectibe boundary layer height |
m |
7 |
Theta |
Potential temperature in the inertial sublayer |
K |
8 |
Q |
Specific humidity in the inertial sublayer |
g kg-1 |
9 |
theta+ |
Potential temperature just above the CBL |
K |
10 |
q+ |
Specific humidity just above the CBL |
g kg-1 |
11 |
Temp_C |
Air temperature |
°C |
12 |
RH |
Relative humidity |
% |
13 |
QH_use |
Sensible heat flux used for calculation |
W m-2 |
14 |
QE_use |
Latent heat flux used for calculation |
W m-2 |
15 |
Press_hPa |
Pressure used for calculation |
hPa |
16 |
avu1 |
Wind speed used for calculation |
m s-1 |
17 |
ustar |
Friction velocity used for calculation |
m s-1 |
18 |
avdens |
Air density used for calculation |
kg m-3 |
19 |
lv_J_kg |
Latent heat of vaporization used for calculation |
J kg-1 |
20 |
avcp |
Specific heat capacity used for calculation |
J kg-1 K-1 |
21 |
gamt |
Vertical gradient of potential temperature |
K m-1 |
22 |
gamq |
Vertical gradient of specific humidity |
kg kg-1 m-1 |
SSss_YYYY_ESTM_TT.txt#
If the ESTM model option is run, the following output file is created.
Note
First time steps of storage output could give NaN values during the initial converging phase.
ESTM output file format
Column |
Name |
Description |
Units |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year |
|
3 |
it |
Hour |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute |
|
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time |
|
6 |
QSnet |
Net storage heat flux (QSwall+QSground+QS) |
W m-2 |
7 |
QSair |
Storage heat flux into air |
W m-2 |
8 |
QSwall |
Storage heat flux into wall |
W m-2 |
9 |
QSroof |
Storage heat flux into roof |
W m-2 |
10 |
QSground |
Storage heat flux into ground |
W m-2 |
11 |
QSibld |
Storage heat flux into internal elements in buildling |
W m-2 |
12 |
Twall1 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall (outer-most) |
K |
13 |
Twall2 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
14 |
Twall3 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
15 |
Twall4 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
16 |
Twall5 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall (inner-most) |
K |
17 |
Troof1 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof (outer-most) |
K |
18 |
Troof2 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
19 |
Troof3 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
20 |
Troof4 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
21 |
Troof5 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (inner-most) |
K |
22 |
Tground1 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (outer-most) |
K |
23 |
Tground2 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
24 |
Tground3 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
25 |
Tground4 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
26 |
Tground5 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (inner-most) |
K |
27 |
Tibld1 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
28 |
Tibld2 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
29 |
Tibld3 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
30 |
Tibld4 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
31 |
Tibld5 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
32 |
Tabld |
Air temperature in buildings |
K |
SSss_YYYY_SPARTACUS_TT.txt#
If the SPARTACUS model option is run, the following output file is created.
SPARTACUS output file format
Column |
Name |
Description |
|
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
Year [YYYY] |
|
2 |
DOY |
Day of year [DOY] |
|
3 |
Hour |
Hour [H] |
|
4 |
Min |
Minute [M] |
|
5 |
Dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
|
6 |
alb |
Albedo at top-of-canopy. Average of diffuse and direct albedos weighted by the amount of diffuse and direct shortwave radiation. |
|
7 |
emis |
Emissivity at top-of-canopy |
|
8 |
Lemission |
Longwave upward emission at top-of-canopy [Wm-2] |
|
9 |
Lup |
Longwave upward (emission+reflected) at top-of-canopy [Wm-2] |
|
10 |
Kup |
Shortwave upward (reflected) at top-of-canopy [Wm-2] |
|
11 |
Qn |
Net all-wave radiation at top-of-canopy [Wm-2] |
|
12 |
LCAAbs1 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
13 |
LCAAbs2 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
14 |
LCAAbs3 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
15 |
LCAAbs4 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
16 |
LCAAbs5 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
17 |
LCAAbs6 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
18 |
LCAAbs7 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
19 |
LCAAbs8 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
20 |
LCAAbs9 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
21 |
LCAAbs10 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
22 |
LCAAbs11 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
23 |
LCAAbs12 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
24 |
LCAAbs13 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
25 |
LCAAbs14 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
26 |
LCAAbs15 |
Longwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
27 |
LWallNet1 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
28 |
LWallNet2 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
29 |
LWallNet3 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
30 |
LWallNet4 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
31 |
LWallNet5 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
32 |
LWallNet6 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
33 |
LWallNet7 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
34 |
LWallNet8 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
35 |
LWallNet9 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
36 |
LWallNet10 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
37 |
LWallNet11 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
38 |
LWallNet12 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
39 |
LWallNet13 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
40 |
LWallNet14 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
41 |
LWallNet15 |
Net longwave flux into walls in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
42 |
LRfNet1 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
43 |
LRfNet2 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
44 |
LRfNet3 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
45 |
LRfNet4 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
46 |
LRfNet5 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
47 |
LRfNet6 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
48 |
LRfNet7 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
49 |
LRfNet8 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
50 |
LRfNet9 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
51 |
LRfNet10 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
52 |
LRfNet11 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
53 |
LRfNet12 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
54 |
LRfNet13 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
55 |
LRfNet14 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
56 |
LRfNet15 |
Net longwave flux into roofs in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
57 |
LRfIn1 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
58 |
LRfIn2 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
59 |
LRfIn3 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
60 |
LRfIn4 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
61 |
LRfIn5 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
62 |
LRfIn6 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
63 |
LRfIn7 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
64 |
LRfIn8 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
65 |
LRfIn9 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
66 |
LRfIn10 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
67 |
LRfIn11 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
68 |
LRfIn12 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
69 |
LRfIn13 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
70 |
LRfIn14 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
71 |
LRfIn15 |
Longwave flux into roofs in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
72 |
LTopNet |
Top-of-canopy net longwave flux [Wm-2] |
|
73 |
LGrndNet |
Net longwave flux into the ground [Wm-2] |
|
74 |
LTopDn |
Top-of-canopy downwelling longwave flux [Wm-2] |
|
75 |
KCAAbs1 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
76 |
KCAAbs2 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
77 |
KCAAbs3 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
78 |
KCAAbs4 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
79 |
KCAAbs5 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
80 |
KCAAbs6 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
81 |
KCAAbs7 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
82 |
KCAAbs8 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
83 |
KCAAbs9 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
84 |
KCAAbs10 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
85 |
KCAAbs11 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
86 |
KCAAbs12 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
87 |
KCAAbs13 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
88 |
KCAAbs14 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
89 |
KCAAbs15 |
Shortwave absorption rate in clear-air part of layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
90 |
KWallNet1 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
91 |
KWallNet2 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
92 |
KWallNet3 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
93 |
KWallNet4 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
94 |
KWallNet5 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
95 |
KWallNet6 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
96 |
KWallNet7 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
97 |
KWallNet8 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
98 |
KWallNet9 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
99 |
KWallNet10 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
100 |
KWallNet11 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
101 |
KWallNet12 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
102 |
KWallNet13 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
103 |
KWallNet14 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
104 |
KWallNet15 |
Net shortwave flux into walls in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
105 |
KRfNet1 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
106 |
KRfNet2 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
107 |
KRfNet3 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
108 |
KRfNet4 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
109 |
KRfNet5 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
110 |
KRfNet6 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
111 |
KRfNet7 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
112 |
KRfNet8 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
113 |
KRfNet9 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
114 |
KRfNet10 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
115 |
KRfNet11 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
116 |
KRfNet12 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
117 |
KRfNet13 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
118 |
KRfNet14 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
119 |
KRfNet15 |
Net shortwave flux into roofs in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
120 |
KRfIn1 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 1 [Wm-2] |
|
121 |
KRfIn2 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 2 [Wm-2] |
|
122 |
KRfIn3 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 3 [Wm-2] |
|
123 |
KRfIn4 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 4 [Wm-2] |
|
124 |
KRfIn5 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 5 [Wm-2] |
|
125 |
KRfIn6 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 6 [Wm-2] |
|
126 |
KRfIn7 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 7 [Wm-2] |
|
127 |
KRfIn8 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 8 [Wm-2] |
|
128 |
KRfIn9 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 9 [Wm-2] |
|
129 |
KRfIn10 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 10 [Wm-2] |
|
130 |
KRfIn11 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 11 [Wm-2] |
|
131 |
KRfIn12 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 12 [Wm-2] |
|
132 |
KRfIn13 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 13 [Wm-2] |
|
133 |
KRfIn14 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 14 [Wm-2] |
|
134 |
KRfIn15 |
Shortwave flux into roofs in layer 15 [Wm-2] |
|
135 |
KTopDnDir |
Direct shortwave flux into roofs [Wm-2] |
|
136 |
KTopNet |
Top-of-canopy net shortwave flux [Wm-2] |
|
137 |
KGrndDnDir |
Direct downwelling shortwave flux into the ground [Wm-2] |
|
138 |
KGrndNet |
Net shortwave flux into the ground [Wm-2] |
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Troubleshooting#
How to report an issue of this manual?#
Please click the link in the top banner of each page to report page-specific issues.
How to create a directory?#
Please search the web using this phrase if you do not know how to create a folder or directory
How to unzip a file#
Please search the web using this phrase if you do not know how to unzip a file
A text editor#
A program to edit plain text files. If you search on the web using the phrase ‘text editor’ you will find numerous programs. These include for example, NotePad, EditPad, Text Pad etc
Command prompt#
From Start select run –type cmd – this will open a window. Change directory to the location of where you stored your files. The following website may be helpful if you do not know what a command prompt is: http://dosprompt.info/
Day of year [DOY]#
January 1st is day 1, February 1st is day 32. If you search on the web using the phrase ‘day of year calendar’ you will find tables that allow rapid conversions. Remember that after February 28th DOY will be different between leap years and non-leap years.
ESTM output#
First time steps of storage output could give NaN values during the initial converging phase.
First things to Check if the program seems to have problems#
Check the problems.txt file.
Check file options – in RunControl.nml.
Look in the output directory for the SS_FileChoices.txt. This allows you to check all options that were used in the run. You may want to compare it with the original version supplied with the model.
Note there can not be missing time steps in the data. If you need help with this you may want to checkout `UMEP`_
A pop-up saying “file path not found”#
This means the program cannot find the file paths defined in RunControl.nml file. Possible solutions:
Check that you have created the folder that you specified in RunControl.nml.
Check does the output directory exist?
Check that you have a single or double quotes around the FileInputPath, FileOutputPath and FileCode
====“%sat_vap_press.f temp=0.0000 pressure dectime”==== Temperature is zero in the calculation of water vapour pressure parameterization.
You don’t need to worry if the temperature should be (is) 0°C.
If it should not be 0°C this suggests that there is a problem with the data.
%T changed to fit limits#
[TL =0.1]/ [TL =39.9] You may want to change the coefficients for surface resistance. If you have data from these temperatures, we would happily determine them.
%Iteration loop stopped for too stable conditions.#
[zL]/[USTAR] This warning indicates that the atmospheric stability gets above 2. In these conditions MO theory is not necessarily valid. The iteration loop to calculate the Obukhov length and friction velocity is stopped so that stability does not get too high values. This is something you do not need to worry as it does not mean wrong input data.
“Reference to undefined variable, array element or function result”#
Parameter(s) missing from input files.
See also the error messages provided in problems.txt and warnings.txt
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tutorials#
SUEWS#
To help users getting started with SUEWS, the community is working on setting up tutorials and instructions for different parts of SUEWS and related tool.
The tutorials are available are found in the table below.
Note
the following tutorials are hosted on a separate website including other UMEP related tutorials.
Topic |
Application |
---|---|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for one location |
|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for one location |
|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for a spatial grid |
|
Making use of WUDAPT local climate zones in SUEWS |
SuPy#
For Python users, a Python package SuPy with SUEWS as the calculation kernel is available to conduct SUEWS simulations. SuPy tutorials are provided at its tutorial site.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Benchmark Report#
Since v2018a, SUEWS is benchmarked against observations for assessment of model performance. A site based benchmark report generation system is introduced in v2018c to produce detailed reports for testing sites; the number of sites is expanding and more cases will be added as they are benchmarked.
Each report includes the following parts:
Overall performance:
Performance Score: Large scores indicate better performance. The scores are calculated according to weighted averages of statistics for selected benchmark variables.
Detailed Statistics: Grids are coloured based relative performance between different versions: a greener grid indicates better performance in the chosen variable using the specific release whereas a redder one shows poorer performance; and those with gray backgrounds indicate the same performance across different releases.
Cross-comparison in model variables between releases:
Detailed statistics tables: statistics for each variable.
Pair plots: comparison in simulation results between different version-pairs.
Time series plots: comparison in simulated monthly climatologies of diurnal cycles of each variable between different version-pairs.
The latest benchmark reports are available at the SUEWS Benchmark site.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Notation#
- λF#
Frontal area index
- ΔQS#
Storage heat flux
- BLUEWS#
Boundary Layer part of SUEWS
Relation between BLUEWS and SUEWS#
- CDD#
Cooling degree days
- GDD#
Growing degree days
- HDD#
Heating degree days
- CBL#
Convective boundary layer
- DEM#
Digital Elevation Model
- DSM#
Digital surface model
- DTM#
Digital Terrain Model
- ESTM#
Element Surface Temperature Method [Offerle et al., 2005]
- L↓#
Incoming longwave radiation
- LAI#
Leaf area index
- LUMPS#
Local-scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme [Loridan et al., 2011]
- NARP#
Net All-wave Radiation Parameterization [Loridan et al., 2011, Offerle et al., 2003]
- OHM#
Objective Hysteresis Model [Grimmond and Oke, 1999, Grimmond and Oke, 2002, Grimmond et al., 1991]
- Q*#
Net all-wave radiation
- QE#
Latent heat flux
- QF#
Anthropogenic heat flux
- QH#
Sensible heat flux
- SOLWEIG#
The solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry model [Lindberg and Grimmond, 2011, Lindberg et al., 2008]
- SVF#
Sky view factor
- θ#
Potential temperature
- tt#
Time step of data
- UMEP#
- WATCH#
The WATCH project has produced a large number of data sets which should be of considerable use in regional and global studies of climate and water. see WATCH webpage
- zi#
Convective boundary layer height
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Contributing Guide#
Note
This guide is heavily inspired by the excellent work by the xarray project: much appreciated!
Warning
This guide is incomplete and under construction: information here might be INCORRECT.
We welcome all contributions – bug reports/fixes, documentation corrctions/improments, enhancements, and ideas – as long as they apply to the SUEWS domain, please follow these guides:
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Bug reports and enhancement requests#
where to report a bug?
how to report a bug? what to be included? - version info - MWE (minimal working example) to reproduce the issue
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Documentation Guide#
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Development Guide#
Note
If you are interested in contributing to the code please open a new discussion in the UMEP Community to illustrate your proposal: we are happy to collaborate in an open development mode.
Code guidelines#
If you are interested in contributing to the code please contact Sue Grimmond.
Coding#
Core physics and calculation schemes of SUEWS are written in Fortran 90
Code is hosted in GitHub as private repository
Variables
Names should be defined at least in one place in the code – ideally when defined
Implicit None should be used in all subroutines
Variable name should include units. e.g. Temp_C, Temp_K
Output variable attributes should be provided in the TYPE structure defined in the ctrl_output module as follows:
: TYPE varAttr : CHARACTER(len = 15) :: header ! short name in headers : CHARACTER(len = 12) :: unit ! unit : CHARACTER(len = 14) :: fmt ! output format : CHARACTER(len = 50) :: longNm ! long name for detailed description : CHARACTER(len = 1) :: aggreg ! aggregation method : CHARACTER(len = 10) :: group ! group: datetime, default, ESTM, Snow, etc. : INTEGER :: level ! output priority level: 0 for highest (defualt output) : END TYPE varAttr
Code should be written generally
Data set for testing should be provided
Demonstration that the model performance has improved when new code has been added or that any deterioration is warranted.
Additional requirements for modelling need to be indicated in the manual
All code should be commented in the program (with initials of who made the changes – name specified somewhere and institution)
The references used in the code and in the equations will be collected to a webpage
Current developments that are being actively worked on
Testing#
The testing of SUEWS is done using Python 3
The following tests are done for each release of SUEWS:
Working status of all physics schemes
Year-grid looping logic
Identity of output results with internal test dataset
Please use pre-defined make test
option to check if your code can pass all tests or not.
If not, the correctness of added code should be justified with caution.
Preparation of SUEWS Manual#
The SUEWS manual is written in reStructuredText (aka rst) with a Sphinx flavour
The SUEWS manual is hosted by readthedocs.org
CSV tables used in following pages are automatically generated from the Description field in Input Options by each build, so DON’T manually edit them as your edits will be swiped automatically:
F2PY tips#
This includes several DON’T’s that have never been mentioned by F2PY docs:
DON’T mix comments as lines into argument list of Fortran subroutines/functions:
DONT:
subroutine(& ! DONT DO this args& )OK:
subroutine(& args& ! OK this way )
2. DON’T end a subroutine as ENDSUBROUTINE
.
Instead, leave a space in between
to form END SUBROUTINE
.
Otherwise, the subroutines won’t be correctly
parsed and picked up by F2PY.
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
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API#
This link redirects to the SUEWS API site, which provides documentation of SUEWS source code automatically generated by Doxygen.
SUEWS developers are strongly suggested to use the API site as the main reference for understanding SUEWS source code.
Tip
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Acknowledgements#
Contributors#
Name |
Affiliation |
Contributions |
Versions |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prof Sue Grimmond |
University of Reading, UK; prior: Indiana University, USA, King’s College London, UK, University of British Columbia, Canada |
OHM, Evaporation-Interception, Resistances, NARP, irrigation, anthropogenic heat, etc |
v2011b – onwards |
Team Leader |
Dr Ting Sun |
University of Reading, UK |
AnOHM; Documentation system; WRF-SUEWS coupling; SuPy (python wrapper of SUEWS) |
v2017b – onwards |
Current Lead Developer |
Dr Leena Järvi |
University of Helsinki, Finland |
Snow-related physics; Anthropogenic emission calculation, CO2 |
v2011b – v2019a |
Lead Developer of v2011b – v2014b |
Dr Helen Ward |
University of Reading, UK |
OHM improvement; Resistance calculation; Anthropogenic heat calculation |
v2016a - v2017b |
Lead Developer of v2016a - v2017 |
Dr Fredrik Lindberg |
Göteborg University, Sweden |
UMEP-related work, NARP, ESTM |
v2011b – owards |
Lead Developer of UMEP |
Dr Lewis Blunn |
University of Reading, UK |
SUEWS-SPARTACUS coupling; RSL improvement |
v2021a |
Major contributor to SUEWS-SPARTACUS coupling |
Dr Hamidreza Omidvar |
University of Reading, UK |
WRF-SUEWS coupling; Documentation system |
v2018c – v2019a |
Major contributor to WRF(v4.0)-SUEWS(v2018c) coupling |
Minttu P. Havu |
University of Helsinki, Finland |
CO2 |
v2018c – v2019a |
|
Dr Zhenkun Li |
Shanghai Climate Centre, China |
WRF-SUEWS coupling |
v2018b – v2018c |
Major contributor to WRF(v3.9)-SUEWS(v2018b) coupling |
Yihao Tang |
University of Reading, UK |
Stability, air temperature |
v2018b - v2018c |
|
Dr Shiho Onomura |
Göteborg University, Sweden |
BLUEWS, ESTM |
v2016a |
|
Dr Thomas Loridan |
King’s College London, UK |
NARP |
v2011a |
|
Dr Brian Offerle |
Indiana University, USA |
ESTM, NARP |
v2011a |
Dependency Libraries#
Note
We gratefully acknowledge the libraries/code that SUEWS uses as dependency and greatly appreciate their developers for the excellent work. Please let us know if any inapproriate use of these code and we will remove/modify the related parts accordingly.
Library |
Remarks |
---|---|
date and time related processsing |
|
AnOHM-related sinusoidal curve fitting |
|
netCDF output for QGIS-compliant grid layout |
|
string processing |
Funding#
Note
The following grants are acknowledged for their contribution to model development (D) and/or supportive observations (O).
Funder |
Project |
D , O |
---|---|---|
ERC Synergy |
urbisphere 855005 |
D,O |
NERC |
APEx |
D |
NERC |
COSMA NE/S005889/ |
D |
UKRI |
GCRF Urban Disaster Risk Hub |
D |
Newton/Met Office |
CSSP-China (AJYG-DX4P1V HRC,AJYF-2GLAMK EUN, others) |
D, O |
NERC |
ClearfLo Clean Air for London NE/H003231/1 |
O |
NERC/Belmont |
TRUC NE/L008971/1, G8MUREFU3FP-2201-075 |
D, O |
EPSRC |
LoHCool Low carbon climate-responsive Heating and Cooling of Cities EP/N009797/1 |
D |
NERC |
Independent Research Fellowship |
D |
NSF |
BCS-0095284, ATM-0710631, BCS-0221105 |
D, O |
EPSRC |
Data Assimilation for the REsilient City (DARE) EP/P002331/1 |
O |
Royal Society/Newton |
Mobility funding |
O |
H2020 |
UrbanFluxes (637519) |
D, O |
EUf7 |
BRIDGE (211345) |
D, O |
EUf7 |
emBRACE (283201) |
D, O |
University of Reading |
Sue Grimmond |
O, D |
KCL |
Sue Grimmond |
O |
EPSRC |
EP/I00159X/1 EP/I00159X/2 Materials Innovation Hub: Connecting Materials Culture to Materials Science |
O |
NERC |
Field Spectroscopy Facility (FSF) 616.1110 Investigating the Urban Energy Balance of London |
O |
EUf7 |
MEGAPOLI 212520 |
D |
NERC |
Airborne Remote Sensing Facility & Field Spectroscopy Facility (GB08/19) |
O |
CFCAS |
Environmental Prediction for Canadian Cities |
D, O |
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Version History#
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Warning
Information here is ONLY for developers.
Version 2021a (in development)#
Improvement
Added a new
RoughLenMomMethod
(4
) to calculate roughness and displacement height as a function of plan area index and effective height of roughness elements following the ensemble mean of Fig 1a in [Grimmond and Oke, 1999]Coupled SPARCATUS into SUEWS for detailed modelling of radiation balance.
Added a new option
DiagMethod
in RunControl.nml to control the output of radiation balance.
Changes
TO ADD
Fix
fixed a bug in radiation scheme: observed incoming longwave radiation cannot be used.
Known issues
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Version 2020a (released on 14 May 2020)#
Note
In a future release, we will ONLY deliver SUEWS along with SuPy as a command line tool suews-run: release of standalone SUEWS binaries will be stopped to ease our maintenance load and to facilitate rapid developments. Users will need to have Python 3.6+ to install SuPy:
python3 -m pip install -U supy
However, as the source code of SUEWS are public, users can feel free to compile standalone binaries for platforms of their own interests.
Improvement
A ponding water scheme is added in the automatic irrigation calculation; useful when a certain depth of ponding water to maintain in irrigation (e.g., flooding irrigation in rice crop-field).
Irrigation fraction can be specified for all surfaces (previously only available for vegetated surfaces)
A U-shape approach for calculating HDD/CDD is introduced to account for a wide comfort zone between heating and cooling critical temperatures.
Changes
A new
RoughLenHeatMethod
option5
: adaptively choose option1
for fully pervious surface or2
otherwise (if any impervious surface exists).A new column
H_maintain
is added in SUEWS_Irrigation.txt to set ponding water depth.New columns to specify irrigation fractions for non-vegetated surfaces in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
A new scheme option
BaseTMethod
in RunControl.nml to set calculation scheme for HDD/CDD.
Fix
NONE.
Known issues
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Version 2019a (released on 15 November 2019)#
Improvement
An anthropogenic emission module is added. Module details refer to Järvi et al. (2019) [Järvi et al., 2019].
A canyon profile module is added. Module details refer to Theeuwes et al. (2019) [Theeuwes et al., 2019].
Changes
Input file
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
is renamed toSUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt
with new parameters added:MinFCMetab
,MaxFCMetab
,FrPDDwe
,FcEF_v_kgkmWD
andFcEF_v_kgkmWE
.BLUEWS has been recovered; set
CBLUse
to use it.Removed features:
Fix
Fixed a bug in LAI calculation for longterm runs.
Fixed a bug in net all-wave radiation differential calculation for OHM.
Fixed a bug in GDD/SDD calculation that different vegetative land covers could unexpectedly affect each other.
Fixed water redistribution bug in snow module.
Known issues
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Version 2018c (released on 21 February 2019)#
Improvement
SuPy (SUEWS in Python): a Python-enhanced wrapper of SUEWS, which can facilitate a more fluent workflow of SUEWS-centred urban climate research. More details refer to SuPy documentation site.
Improved benchmark report: More testing sites are added thanks to an automated benchmark report system.
Changes
None.
Fix
Fixed a bug in LAI calculation for longterm runs.
Fixed a bug in net all-wave radiation differential calculation for OHM.
Fixed water redistribution bug in snow module.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Version 2018b (released on 17 December 2018)#
Improvement
Improved calculation of OHM-related radiation terms:
The temporal difference term
dQ*/dt
is now calculated using the time-step-weighteddQ*
of previous time step instead of a series ofQ*
values from previous time steps, which improves the usage of memory and allows time-step-varying simulations (needed by WRF-SUEWS coupling).
Changes
None.
Fix
Fixed a bug in picking up external water use from meteorological forcing file.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
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Version 2018a (released on 2 August 2018)#
New
Many under-the-hood improvements:
Added explicit interface intent for confusion-less coupling between SUEWS modules
Restructured layout of physics schemes for better modularity
Improved the alignment in output txt files
New
readthedocs.org
-based documentation systemAdded SUEWS input converter for conversion of input files between versions
Added Benchmark Report for recent releases.
Improvement
Improved the near surface diagnostics scheme (T2, Q2, U10)
Improved skin temperature calculation (Ts)
Changes
StabilityMethod
: recommended option is change from 2 to 3 as options other than 3 have been noticed with numerical issues under several scenarios, which will be fixed in the next release.Model run - changes in selections moved from SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt to
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
:EnergyUseProfWD
,EnergyUseProfWE
,ActivityProfWD
,ActivityProfWE
.BiogenCO2Code
is added to SUEWS_Veg.txt for looking up biogenic characteristics in the new SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt file.TraifficRate
andBuildEnergyUse
in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are expanded to allow weekday and weekend values:TrafficRate_WD
,TrafficRate_WE
,QF0_BEU_WD
,QF0_BEU_WE
.AnthropCO2Method
is removed from RunControl.nml.AnthropHeatMethod
is renamed toEmissionsMethod
.AHMin
,AHSlope
andTCritic
are expanded to allow weekday and weekend values by adding_WD
and_WE
as suffix, of whichAHSlope
andTCritic
are also expanded to allow cooling and heating settings.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Version 2017b (released on 2 August 2017)#
Surface-level diagnostics: T2 (air temperature at 2 m agl), Q2 (air specific humidity at 2 m agl) and U10 (wind speed at 10 m agl) added as default output.
Output in netCDF format. Please note this feature is NOT enabled in the public release due to the dependency of netCDF library. Assistance in enabling this feature may be requested to the development team via SUEWS mail list.
Edits to the manual.
New capabilities being developed, including two new options for calculating storage heat flux (AnOHM, ESTM) and modelling of carbon dioxide fluxes. These are currently under development and should not be used in Version 2017b.
Known issues
BLUEWS parameters need to be checked
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Tip
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Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
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Version 2017a (released on 1 Feb 2017)#
Changes to input file formats (including RunControl.nml and InitialConditions files) to facilitate setting up and running the model. Met forcing files no longer need two rows of -9 at the end to indicate the end of the file.
Changes to output file formats (now option to write out only a subset of variables, rather than all variables).
SUEWS can now disaggregate forcing files to the model time-step and aggregate output at the model time-step to lower resolution. This removes the need for the python wrapper used with previous versions.
InitialConditions format and requirements changed. A single file can now be provided for multiple grids. SUEWS will approximate most (but not all) of the required initial conditions if values are unknown. (However, if detailed information about the initial conditions is known, this can still be provided to and used by SUEWS.)
Leaf area index calculations now use parameters provided for each vegetated surface (previously only the deciduous tree LAI development parameters were applied to all vegetated surfaces).
For compatibility with GIS, the sign convention for longitude has been changed. Now negative values are to the west, positive values are to the east. Note this appears to have been incorrectly coded in previous versions (but may not necessarily have been problematic).
Storage heat flux calculation adapted for shorter (sub-hourly) model time-step: hysteresis calculation now based on running means over the previous hour.
Improved error handling, including separate files for serious errors (problems.txt) and less critical issues (warnings.txt).
Edits to the manual.
New capabilities being developed, including two new options for calculating storage heat flux (AnOHM, ESTM) and modelling of carbon dioxide fluxes. These are currently under development and should not be used in Version 2017a.
Tip
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Version 2016a (released on 21 June 2016)#
Major changes to the input file formats to facilitate the running of multiple grids and multiple years. Surface characteristics are provided in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt and other input files are cross-referenced via codes or profile types.
The surface types have been altered:
Previously, grass surfaces were entered separately as irrigated grass and unirrigated grass surfaces, whilst the ‘unmanaged’ land cover fraction was assumed by the model to behave as unirrigated grass. There is now a single surface type for grass (total for irrigated plus unirrigated) and a new bare soil surface type.
The proportion of irrigated vegetation must now be specified for grass, evergreen trees and deciduous trees individually.
The entire model now runs at a time step specified by the user. Note that 5 min is strongly recommended. (Previously only the water balance calculations were done at 5 min with the energy balance calculations at 60 min).
Surface conductance now depends on the soil moisture under the vegetated surfaces only (rather than the total soil moisture for the whole study area as previously).
Albedo of evergreen trees and grass surfaces can now change with leaf area index as was previously possible for deciduous trees only.
New suggestions in Troubleshooting section.
Edits to the manual.
CBL model included.
SUEWS has been incorporated into UMEP
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Version 2014b (released on 8 October 2014)#
These affect the run configuration if previously run with older versions of the model:
New input of three additional columns in the Meteorological input file (diffusive and direct solar radiation, and wind direction)
Change of input variables in InitialConditions.nml file. Note we now refer to CT as ET (ie. Evergreen trees rather than coniferous trees)
In GridConnectionsYYYY.txt, the site names should now be without the underscore (e.g
Sm
and notSm_
)
Other issues:
Number of grid areas that can be modelled (for one grid, one year 120; for one grid two years 80)
Comment about Time interval of input data
Bug fix: Column headers corrected in 5 min file
Bug fix: Surface state 60 min file - corrected to give the last 5 min of the hour (rather than cumulating through the hour)
Bug fix: units in the Horizontal soil water transfer
ErrorHints: More have been added to the problems.txt file.
Manual: new section on running the model appropriately
Manual: notation table updated
Possibility to add snow accumulation and melt: new paper
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H, and Strachan IB Version 2014: Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities, Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1691-Version 2014.
Tip
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Version 2014a.1 (released 26 February 2014)#
Please see the large number of changes made in the Version 2014a release.
This is a minor change to address installing the software.
Minor updates to the manual
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Version 2014a (released on 21 February 2014)#
Bug fix: External irrigation is calculated as combined from automatic and manual irrigation and during precipitation events the manual irrigation is reduced to 60% of the calculated values. In previous version of the model, the irrigation was in all cases taken 60% of the calculated value, but now this has been fixed.
In previous versions of the model, irrigation was only allowed on the irrigated grass surface type. Now, irrigation is also allowed on evergreen and deciduous trees/shrubs surfaces. These are not however treated as separate surfaces, but the amount of irrigation is evenly distributed to the whole surface type in the modelled area. The amount of water is calculated using same equation as for grass surface (equation 5 in Järvi et al. Version 2011), and the fraction of irrigated trees/shrubs (relative to the area of tree/shrubs surface) is set in the gis file (See Table 4.11: SSss_YYYY.gis)
In the current version of the model, the user is able to adjust the leaf-on and leaf-off lengths in the FunctionalTypes. nml file. In addition, user can choose whether to use temperature dependent functions or combination of temperature and day length (advised to be used at high-latitudes)
In the gis-file, there is a new variable Alt that is the area altitude above sea level. If not known exactly use an approximate value.
Snow removal profile has been added to the HourlyProfileSSss_YYYY.txt. Not yet used!
Model time interval has been changed from minutes to seconds. Preferred interval is 3600 seconds (1 hour)
Manual correction: input variable Soil moisture said soil moisture deficit in the manual – word removed
Multiple compiled versions of SUEWS released. There are now users in Apple, Linux and Windows environments. So we will now release compiled versions for more operating systems (section 3).
There are some changes in the output file columns so please, check the respective table of each used output file.
Bug fix: with very small amount of vegetation in an area – impacted Phenology for LUMPS
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Version 2013a#
Radiation selection bug fixed
Aerodynamic resistance – when very low - no longer reverts to neutral (which caused a large jump) – but stays low
Irrigation day of week fixed
New error messages
min file – now includes a decimal time column – see Section 5.4 – Table 5.3
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Version 2012b#
Error message generated if all the data are not available for the surface resistance calculations
Error message generated if wind data are below zero plane displacement height.
All error messages now written to ‘Problem.txt’ rather than embedded in an ErrorFile. Note some errors will be written and the program will continue others will stop the program.
Default variables removed (see below). Model will stop if any data are problematic. File should be checked to ensure that reasonable data are being used. If an error occurs when there should not be one let us know as it may mean we have made the limits too restrictive.
Contents no longer used File defaultFcld=0.1 defaultPres=1013 defaultRH=50 defaultT=10 defaultU=3 RunControl.nml
Just delete lines from file
Values you had were likely different from these example value shown here
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Version 2012a#
Improved error messages when an error is encountered. Error message will generally be written to the screen and to the file ‘problems.txt’
Format of all input files have changed.
New excel spreadsheet and R programme to help prepare required data files. (Not required)
Format of coef flux (OHM) input files have changed.
This allows for clearer identification for users of the coefficients that are actually to be used
This requires an additional file with coefficients. These do not need to be adjusted but new coefficients can be added. We would appreciate receiving additional coefficients so they can be included in future releases – Please email Sue.
Storage heat flux (OHM) coefficients can be changed by
time of year (summer, winter)
surface wetness state
New files are written: DailyState.txt
Provides the status of variables that are updated on a daily or basis or a snapshot at the end of each day.
Surface Types
Clarification of surface types has been made. See GIS and OHM related files
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Version 2011b#
Storage heat flux (ΔQs) and anthropogenic heat flux (QF) can be set to be 0 W m-2
Calculation of hydraulic conductivity in soil has been improved and HydraulicConduct in SUEWSInput.nml is replaced with name SatHydraulicConduct
Following removed from HeaderInput.nml
HydraulicConduct
GrassFractionIrrigated
PavedFractionIrrigated
TreeFractionIrrigated
The lower three are now determined from the water use behaviour used in SUEWS
Following added to HeaderInput.nml
SatHydraulicConduct
defaultQf
defaultQs
If ΔQs and QF are not calculated in the model but are given as an input, the missing data is replaced with the default values.
Added to SAHP input file
AHDIUPRF – diurnal profile used if EmissionsMethod = 1
Version 2012a this became obsolete OHM file (SSss_YYYY.ohm)
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Parameterisations and sub-models within SUEWS#
Net all-wave radiation, Q*#
There are several options for modelling or using observed radiation components depending on the data available. As a minimum, SUEWS requires incoming shortwave radiation to be provided.
Observed net all-wave radiation can be provided as input instead of being calculated by the model.
Observed incoming shortwave and incoming longwave components can be provided as input, instead of incoming longwave being calculated by the model.
Other data can be provided as input, such as cloud fraction (see options in RunControl.nml).
NARP (Net All-wave Radiation Parameterization) [Loridan et al., 2011, Offerle et al., 2003] scheme calculates outgoing shortwave and incoming and outgoing longwave radiation components based on incoming shortwave radiation, temperature, relative humidity and surface characteristics (albedo, emissivity).
SPARTACUS-Surface (SS) computes the 3D interaction of shortwave and longwave radiation with complex surface canopies, including vegetated and urban canopies (with or without vegetation). More details can be found in the SPARTACUS-Surface (SS) section.
Anthropogenic heat flux, QF#
Two simple anthropogenic heat flux sub-models exist within SUEWS:
Pre-calculated values can be supplied with the meteorological forcing data, either derived from knowledge of the study site, or obtained from other models, for example:
LUCY [Allen et al., 2010, Lindberg et al., 2013]. A new version has been now included in UMEP. To distinguish it is referred to as LQF
GreaterQF [Iamarino et al., 2011]. A new version has been now included in UMEP. To distinguish it is referred to as GQF
Storage heat flux, ΔQS#
Three sub-models are available to estimate the storage heat flux:
OHM (Objective Hysteresis Model) [Grimmond and Oke, 1999, Grimmond and Oke, 2002, Grimmond et al., 1991]. Storage heat heat flux is calculated using empirically-fitted relations with net all-wave radiation and the rate of change in net all-wave radiation.
AnOHM (Analytical Objective Hysteresis Model) [Sun et al., 2017]. OHM approach using analytically-derived coefficients. Not recommended in this version.
ESTM (Element Surface Temperature Method) [Offerle et al., 2005]. Heat transfer through urban facets (roof, wall, road, interior) is calculated from surface temperature measurements and knowledge of material properties. Not recommended in this version.
Alternatively, ‘observed’ storage heat flux can be supplied with the meteorological forcing data.
Turbulent heat fluxes, QH and QE#
LUMPS (Local-scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme) [Grimmond and Oke, 2002] provides a simple means of estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes based on the proportion of vegetation in the study area.
SUEWS adopts a more biophysical approach to calculate the latent heat flux; the sensible heat flux is then calculated as the residual of the energy balance. The initial estimate of stability is based on the LUMPS calculations of sensible and latent heat flux. Future versions will have alternative sensible heat and storage heat flux options.
Sensible and latent heat fluxes from both LUMPS and SUEWS are provided in the Output files.
Whether the turbulent heat fluxes are calculated using LUMPS or SUEWS can have a major impact on the results.
For SUEWS, an appropriate surface conductance parameterisation is also critical [Järvi et al., 2011] [Ward et al., 2016].
For more details see Differences_between_SUEWS_LUMPS_and_FRAISE
.
Water balance#
The running water balance at each time step is based on the urban water balance model of Grimmond et al. [1986] and urban evaporation-interception scheme of Grimmond and Oke [1991].
Precipitation is a required variable in the meteorological forcing file.
Irrigation can be modelled [Järvi et al., 2011] or observed values can be provided if data are available.
Drainage equations and coefficients to use must be specified in the input files.
Soil moisture can be calculated by the model.
Runoff is permitted:
between surface types within each model grid
between model grids (Not available in this version.)
to deep soil
to pipes.
Snowmelt#
The snowmelt model is described in Järvi et al. [2014]. Changes since v2016a: 1) previously all surface states could freeze in 1-h time step, now the freezing surface state is calculated similarly as melt water and can freeze within the snow pack. 2) Snowmelt-related coefficients have also slightly changed (see SUEWS_Snow.txt).
Convective boundary layer#
A convective boundary layer (CBL) slab model [Cleugh and Grimmond, 2001] calculates the CBL height, temperature and humidity during daytime [Onomura et al., 2015].
Wind, Temperature and Humidity Profiles in the Roughness Sublayer#
A dignostic RSL scheme for calculating the wind, temperature and humidity profiles in the roughness sublayer is implemented in 2020a following Harman and Finnigan [2007], Harman and Finnigan [2008] and Theeuwes et al. [2019]. An recent application of this RSL scheme can be found in Tang et al. [2021].
The diagnostic profiles are outputed in 30 uneven levels between the ground and forcing height, which are divided into two groups:
One group of levels are evenly distributed within the urban canopy layer characterised by mean height of roughness elements (e.g. buildings, trees, etc.) \(z_H\), which determines the number of layers within urban canopy \(n_{can}\):
The other levels are evenly distributed between the urban canopy layer top and forcing height.
Note
All the diagnostic profiles (wind speed, temperature and humidity) are calculated from the forcing data down into the canopy. Therefore it is assumed that the forcing temperature and humidity are above the blending height.
Common near-surface diagnostics:
T2: air temperature at 2 m agl
Q2: air specific humidity at 2 m agl
RH2: air relative humidity at 2 m agl
U10: wind speed at 10 m agl
are calculated by the RSL scheme by interpolating RSL profile results to the corresponding diagnostic heights.
SPARTACUS-Surface (SS)#
Warning
This module is highly experimental and not yet fully tested: description here is not yet complete, either. Please refer to the original SPARTACUS-Surface page for more details, which may differ from the coupled version in SUEWS described below due to possibly different implementations.
Note
Future Work
New SUEWS input table containing SPARTACUS profiles
Add check for consistency of SUEWS and SS surface fractions
Include snow
Introduction to SS#
The SPARTACUS-Surface module computes the 3D interaction of shortwave and longwave radiation with complex surface canopies, including vegetated and urban canopies (with or without vegetation).

Multi-layer structure (horizontal dashed lines) used in SS to characterise differences in the canopy (Cyan building, Green – vegetation). Source: SPARTACUS-Surface GH page#
It uses a multi-layer description of the canopy (Fig. 1.1), with a statistical description of the horizontal distribution of trees and buildings. Assumptions include:
Trees are randomly distributed.
Wall-to-wall separation distances follow an exponential probability distribution.
From a statistical representation of separation distances one can determine the probabilities of light being intercepted by trees, walls and the ground.
In the tree canopy (i.e. between buildings) there are two or three regions (based on user choice) (Fig. 1.2): clear-air and either one vegetated region or two vegetated regions of equal fractional cover but different extinction coefficient. Assumptions include:
The rate of exchange of radiation between the clear and vegetated parts of a layer are assumed to be proportional to the length of the interface between them.
Likewise for the rate of interception of radiation by building walls.

Areas between trees. Source: SPARTACUS-Surface GH page#
Each time light is intercepted it can undergo diffuse or specular reflection, be absorbed or be transmitted (as diffuse radiation). The probabilities for buildings and the ground are determined by albedos and emissivities, and for trees are determined by extinction coefficients and single scattering albedos.
SUEWS-SS Implementation#
Maximum of 15 vertical layers.
Building and tree fractions, building and tree dimensions, building albedo and emissivity, and diffuse versus specular reflection, can be treated as vertically heterogenous or uniform with height depending on parameter choices.
As tree fraction increases towards 1 it is assumed that the tree crown merges when calculating tree perimeters.
Representing horizontal heterogeneity in the tree crowns is optional. When represented it is assumed that heterogeneity in leaf area index is between the core and periphery of the tree, not between trees.
When calculating building perimeters it is assumed that buildings do not touch (analogous to crown shyness) as building fraction increases towards 1.
Vegetation extinction coefficients (calculated from leaf area index, LAI) are assumed to be the same in all vegetated layers.
Building facet and ground temperatures are equal to SUEWS TSfc_C (i.e.surface temperature) 1.
Leaf temperatures are equal to SUEWS temp_C (i.e. air temperature within the canopy) 2.
Ground albedo and emissivity are an area weighted average of SUEWS paved, grass, bare soil and water values.
Inputs from SUEWS:
sfr
,zenith_deg
,TSfc_C
,avKdn
,ldown
,temp_c
,alb_next
,emis
,LAI_id
.SS specific input parameters: read in from SUEWS_SPARTACUS.nml.
Outputs used by SUEWS: alb_spc, emis_spc, lw_emission_spc.
Although the radiation is calculated in multiple vertical layers within SS it is only the upwelling top-of-canopy fluxes:
alb_spc*avKdn
,(emis_spc)*ldown
, andlw_emission_spc
that are used by SUEWS.
Output variables (including multi-layer ones) are in SUEWS-SS output file
SSss_YYYY_SPARTACUS.txt
. 3
RSL and SS Canopy Representation Comparison#
The RSL has 30 levels but when the average building height is <2 m, < 12 m and > 12 m there are 3, 10 and 15 evenly spaced layers in the canopy.
The remaining levels are evenly spaced up to the forcing level (Fig. 1.3).
The buildings are assumed to be uniform height.

SUEWS-RSL module assumes the RSL has 30 layers that are spread between the canopy and within the atmosphere above#
A maximum of 15 layers are used by SS (vertial_layers_SS-RSL
), with the top of the highest layer at the tallest building height.
The layer heights are user defined and there is no limit on maximum building height.
The buildings are allowed to vary in height.

Vertical layers used by SS#
How to use SUEWS-SS#
Inputs#
To run SUEWS-SS the SS specific files that need to be modified are:
Note
Non-SS specific SUEWS input file parameters also need to have appropriate values. For example, LAI, albedos and emissivities are used by SUEWS-SS as explained in More background information.
Outputs#
More background information#
Vegetation single scattering albedo (SSA)#
The shortwave broadband SSA is equal to the sum of the broadband reflectance \(R\) and broadband transmittance \(T\) [Yang et al., 2020]. Given reflectance \(r\) and transmittance \(t\) spectra the SSA is calculated to modify equation
where \(S\) clear-sky surface spectrum :numfig:`rami5`.
The integrals are performed between 400 nm and 2200 nm because this is the spectral range that RAMI55 Järvselja birch stand forest spectra are available. This is a reasonable approximation since it is where the majority of incoming SW energy resides (as seen from the clear-sky surface spectrum in Fig. 6).
Users can use the default value of 0.46, from RAMI5 Järvselja birch stand forest tree types or calculate their own SSA (Fig. 1.5). There are more tree R and T profiles here5,

RAMI55 data used to calculate R, T, and SSA, and R, T, and SSA values: (a) top-of-atmosphere incoming solar flux and clear-sky surface spectrum [Hogan and Matricardi, 2020] (b) RAMI5 r and t spectra, and (c) calculated broadband R, T, and SSA values.#
The longwave broadband SSA could be calculated in the same way but with the integral over the thermal infra-red (8-14 𝜇m), S replaced with the Plank function at Earth surface temperature, and r and t for the spectra for the thermal infra-red. The approximation that R + T = 2R can be made. r for different materials is available at https://speclib.jpl.nasa.gov/library. The peak in the thermal infra-red is ~10 𝜇m. Based on inspection of r profiles for several tree species SSA=0.06 is the default value.
Building albedo and emissivity#
Use broadband values in Table C.1 of Kotthaus et al. [2014]. Full spectra can be found in the spectral library documentation.
Ground albedo and emissivity#
In SUEWS-SS this is calculated as:
(𝛼(1)*sfr(PavSurf)+𝛼(5)*sfr(GrassSurf)+𝛼(6)*sfr(BSoilSurf)+𝛼(7)*sfr(WaterSurf))/ (sfr(PavSurf) + sfr(GrassSurf) + sfr(BSoilSurf) + sfr(WaterSurf))
where 𝛼 is either the ground albedo or emissivity.
𝛼 values for the surfaces should be set by specifying surface codes in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. Codes should correspond to existing appropriate surfaces in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt and SUEWS_NonVeg.txt. Alternatively, new surfaces can be made in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt and SUEWS_NonVeg.txt with 𝛼 values obtained for example from the spectral library.
Consistency of SUEWS and SS parameters#
SUEWS building and tree (evergreen+deciduous) fractions in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt should be consistent with the SUEWS_SPARTACUS.nml building_frac
and veg_frac
of the lowest model layer.
Leaf area index (LAI)#
The total vertically integrated LAI provided by SUEWS is used in SS to determine the LAI and vegetation extinction coefficient in each layer. Surface codes in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt should correspond to appropriate LAI values in SUEWS_Veg.txt.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
Tip
Need help? Please let us know in the UMEP Community.
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub Issues.
Please cite SUEWS with proper information from our Zenodo page.
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