Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS: Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme¶
How to get SUEWS?
Latest release:
The latest formal release of SUEWS is Version 2019a (released on 11 November 2019) and can be downloaded via our Zenodo repository (a sample input dataset is included in the release archive).
Previous releases:
Previous releases can be downloaded via our GitHub page.
How to use SUEWS?
For existing users:
Overview of changes in this version, see Version 2019a (released on 11 November 2019). If these changes impact your existing simulations, please see appropriate parts of the manual. It may be necessary to adapt some of your input files for for the current version.
Tip
A helper python script, SUEWS table converter, is provided to help facilitate the conversion of input files between different SUEWS versions.
Additionally, the manuals for previous versions can be accessed in respective sections under Version History.
For new users:
Before performing SUEWS simulations, new users should read the overview Introduction, then follow the steps in Preparing to run the model to prepare input files for SUEWS.
Note there are tutorials learning about running SUEWS available the tutorial.
How has SUEWS been used?
The scientific details and application examples of SUEWS can be found in Recent publications.
How to cite SUEWS?
Tip
Visit the repositories below for different citation styles.
Software:
Manual:
How to support SUEWS?
Cite SUEWS appropriately in your work.
Contribute to the development.
Report issues via the GitHub page.
Provide suggestions and feedback.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Introduction¶
Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) (Järvi et al. 2011 [J11], Ward et al. 2016 [W16]) is able to simulate the urban radiation, energy and water balances using only commonly measured meteorological variables and information about the surface cover. SUEWS utilizes an evaporation-interception approach (Grimmond et al. 1991 [G91]), similar to that used in forests, to model evaporation from urban surfaces.

Overview of SUEWS¶
The model uses seven surface types: paved, buildings, evergreen trees/shrubs, deciduous trees/shrubs, grass, bare soil and water. The surface state for each surface type at each time step is calculated from the running water balance of the canopy where the evaporation is calculated from the Penman-Monteith equation. The soil moisture below each surface type (excluding water) is taken into account.
Horizontal movement of water above and below ground level is allowed. The user can specify the model time-step, but 5 min is strongly recommended. The main output file is provided at a resolution of 60 min by default. The model provides the radiation and energy balance components, surface and soil wetness, surface and soil runoff and the drainage for each surface. Timestamps refer to the end of the averaging period.
Model applicability: SUEWS is a neighbourhood-scale or local-scale model.

The seven surface types considered in SUEWS¶
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Parameterisations and sub-models within SUEWS¶
Net all-wave radiation, Q*¶
There are several options for modelling or using observed radiation components depending on the data available. As a minimum, SUEWS requires incoming shortwave radiation to be provided.
Observed net all-wave radiation can be provided as input instead of being calculated by the model.
Observed incoming shortwave and incoming longwave components can be provided as input, instead of incoming longwave being calculated by the model.
Other data can be provided as input, such as cloud fraction (see options in RunControl.nml).
NARP (Net All-wave Radiation Parameterization, Offerle et al. 2003 [O2003] , Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011] ) scheme calculates outgoing shortwave and incoming and outgoing longwave radiation components based on incoming shortwave radiation, temperature, relative humidity and surface characteristics (albedo, emissivity).
Anthropogenic heat flux, QF¶
Two simple anthropogenic heat flux sub-models exist within SUEWS:
Pre-calculated values can be supplied with the meteorological forcing data, either derived from knowledge of the study site, or obtained from other models, for example:
Storage heat flux, ΔQS¶
Three sub-models are available to estimate the storage heat flux:
OHM (Objective Hysteresis Model, Grimmond et al. 1991 [G91OHM], Grimmond & Oke 1999a [GO99QS], 2002 [GO2002]). Storage heat heat flux is calculated using empirically-fitted relations with net all-wave radiation and the rate of change in net all-wave radiation.
AnOHM (Analytical Objective Hysteresis Model, Sun et al. 2017 [AnOHM17]). OHM approach using analytically-derived coefficients. Not recommended in this version.
ESTM (Element Surface Temperature Method, Offerle et al. 2005 [OGF2005]). Heat transfer through urban facets (roof, wall, road, interior) is calculated from surface temperature measurements and knowledge of material properties. Not recommended in this version.
Alternatively, ‘observed’ storage heat flux can be supplied with the meteorological forcing data.
Turbulent heat fluxes, QH and QE¶
LUMPS (Local-scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme, Grimmond & Oke 2002 [GO2002]) provides a simple means of estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes based on the proportion of vegetation in the study area.
SUEWS adopts a more biophysical approach to calculate the latent heat flux; the sensible heat flux is then calculated as the residual of the energy balance. The initial estimate of stability is based on the LUMPS calculations of sensible and latent heat flux. Future versions will have alternative sensible heat and storage heat flux options.
Sensible and latent heat fluxes from both LUMPS and SUEWS are provided in the Output files. Whether the turbulent heat fluxes are calculated using LUMPS or SUEWS can have a major impact on the results. For SUEWS, an appropriate surface conductance parameterisation is also critical [J11] [W16]. For more details see Differences between SUEWS, LUMPS and FRAISE .
Water balance¶
The running water balance at each time step is based on the urban water balance model of Grimmond et al. (1986) [G86] and urban evaporation-interception scheme of Grimmond and Oke (1991) [G91].
Precipitation is a required variable in the meteorological forcing file.
Irrigation can be modelled [J11] or observed values can be provided if data are available.
Drainage equations and coefficients to use must be specified in the input files.
Soil moisture can be calculated by the model.
Runoff is permitted:
between surface types within each model grid
between model grids (Not available in this version.)
to deep soil
to pipes.
Snowmelt¶
The snowmelt model is described in Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]. Changes since v2016a: 1) previously all surface states could freeze in 1-h time step, now the freezing surface state is calculated similarly as melt water and can freeze within the snow pack. 2) Snowmelt-related coefficients have also slightly changed (see SUEWS_Snow.txt).
Convective boundary layer¶
A convective boundary layer (CBL) slab model (Cleugh and Grimmond 2001 [CG2001]) calculates the CBL height, temperature and humidity during daytime (Onomura et al. 2015 [Shiho2015]).
Surface Diagnostics¶
A MOST-based surface diagnostics module is implemented in 2017b for calculating the surface level diagnostics, including:
T2: air temperature at 2 m agl
Q2: air specific humidity at 2 m agl
U10: wind speed at 10 m agl
The details for formulation of these diagnostics can be found in equations 2.54, 2.55 and 2.56 in Brutsaert (2005) [B05]
Wind, Temperature and Humidity Profiles in the Roughness Sublayer¶
Wind, temperature and humidity profiles are derived at 30 levels in the surface layer. In order to account for the roughness sublayer and canopy layer, we follow Harman and Finnigan (2007) [HF07], Harman and Finnigan (2008) [HF08], and Theeuwes et al. (2019) [T19].
The 30 levels have a step of 0.1 times the canopy height zh
(should still output zh somewhere) dz = 0.1 * zh
.
However. if 3 x canopy height is less the 10 m steps of 0.3333 m are used:
IF ((3.*Zh) < 10.) THEN
dz = 1./3.
zarray = (/(I, I=1, nz)/)*dz...
Here nz = 30
.
Note
The temperature and humidity profiles are calculated from the forcing data down into the canopy. Therefore it is assumed that the forcing temperature and humidity are above the blending height. The wind speed is calculated from the surface (assumed to be zero) upward and does not use the wind speed from the forcing data.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Preparing to run the model¶
The following is to help with the model setup. Note that there are also starting tutorials for the version of SUEWS in UMEP. The version there is the same (i.e. the executable) as the standalone version so you can swap to that later once you have some familiarity.
Preparatory reading¶
Read the manual and relevant papers (and references therein):
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB & Christen A (2011) The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver. J. Hydrol. 411, 219-237. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.00
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H & Strachan IB (2014) Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities. Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
Ward HC, Kotthaus S, Järvi L and Grimmond CSB (2016) Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate 18, 1-32. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
Decide what type of model run you are interested in¶
Available in this release |
|
---|---|
LUMPS |
Yes – not standalone |
SUEWS at a point or for an individual area |
Yes |
SUEWS for multiple grids or areas |
Yes |
SUEWS with Boundary Layer (BL) |
Yes |
SUEWS with snow |
Yes |
SUEWS with SOLWEIG |
No |
SUEWS with SOLWEIG and BL |
No |
Download the program and example data files¶
Visit the website to receive a link to download the program and example data files. Select the appropriate compiled version of the model to download. For windows there is an installation version which will put the programs and all the files into the appropriate place. There is also a version linked to QGIS: UMEP.
Note, as the definition of long double precision varies between computers (e.g. Mac vs Windows) slightly different results may occur in the output files.
Test/example files are given for the London KCL site, 2011 data (denoted Kc11
)
In the following, SS
is the site code (e.g. Kc
), ss
the grid ID, YYYY
the year and tt
the time interval.
Filename |
Description |
Input/output |
---|---|---|
SSss_data.txt |
Meteorological input |
Input file (60-min) |
SSss_YYYY_data_5.txt |
Meteorological input |
Input file (5-min) |
InitialConditionsSSss |
Initial conditions |
Input - _YYYY.nml(+) file |
SUEWS_SiteInfo_SSss.x |
Spreadsheet |
Input lsm containing all other input information |
RunControl.nml |
Sets model run |
Input (located in options main directory) |
SS_Filechoices.txt |
Summary of model run |
Output options |
SSss_YYYY_5.txt |
(Optional) 5-min |
Output resolution output file |
SSss_YYYY_60.txt |
60-min resolution |
Output output file |
SSss_DailyState.txt |
Daily state variables |
Output (all years in one file) |
(+) There is a second file InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY_EndOfRun.nml or InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY+1.nml in the input directory. At the end of the run, and at the end of each year of the run, these files are written out so that this information could be used to initialize further model runs.
Run the model for example data¶
Before running the model with your own data, check that you get the same results as the test run example files provided. Copy the example output files elsewhere so you can compare the results. When you run the program it will write over the supplied files.
To run the model you can use Command Prompt (in the directory where the programme is located type the model name) or just double click the executable file.
Please see Troubleshooting if you have problems running the model.
Preparation of data¶
The information required to run SUEWS for your site consists of:
Continuous meteorological forcing data for the entire period to be modelled without gaps. If you need help preparing the data you can use some of the UMEP tools.
Knowledge of the surface and soil conditions immediately prior to the first model timestep. If these initial conditions are unknown, model spinup can help; i.e. run the model and use the output at the end of the run to infer the conditions at the start of the main run).
The location of the site (latitude, longitude, altitude).
Information about the characteristics of the surface, including land cover, heights of buildings and trees, radiative characteristics (e.g. albedo, emissivity), drainage characteristics, soil characteristics, snow characteristics, phenological characteristics (e.g. seasonal cycle of LAI).
Information about human behaviour, including energy use and water use (e.g. for irrigation or street cleaning) and snow clearing (if applicable). The anthropogenic energy use and water use may be provided as a time series in the meteorological forcing file if these data are available or modelled based on parameters provided to the model, including population density, hourly and weekly profiles of energy and water use, information about the proportion of properties using irrigation and the type of irrigation (automatic or manual).
It is particularly important to ensure the following input information is appropriate and representative of the site:
Fractions of different land cover types and (less so) heights of buildings [W16]
Accurate meteorological forcing data, particularly precipitation and incoming shortwave radiation [Ko17]
Initial soil moisture conditions [Best2014]
Anthropogenic heat flux parameters, particularly if there are considerable energy emissions from transport, buildings, metabolism, etc [W16]
External water use (if irrigation or street cleaning occurs)
Snow clearing (if running the snow option)
SUEWS can be run either for an individual area or for multiple areas. There is no requirement for the areas to be of any particular shape but here we refer to them as model ‘grids’.
Preparation of site characteristics and model parameters¶
The area to be modelled is described by a set of characteristics that are specified in the SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt file. Each row corresponds to one model grid for one year (i.e. running a single grid over three years would require three rows; running two grids over two years would require four rows). Characteristics are often selected by a code for a particular set of conditions. For example, a specific soil type (links to SUEWS_Soil.txt) or characteristics of deciduous trees in a particular region (links to SUEWS_Veg.txt). The intent is to build a library of characteristics for different types of urban areas. The codes are specified by the user, must be integer values and must be unique within the first column of each input file, otherwise the model will return an error. (Note in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt the first column is labelled ‘Grid’ and can contain repeat values for different years.) See Input files for details. Note UMEP maybe helpful for components of this.
Land cover¶
For each grid, the land cover must be classified using the following surface types:
Classification |
Surface type |
File where characteristics are specified |
---|---|---|
Non-vegetated |
Paved surfaces |
|
Building |
||
Bare soil |
||
Vegetation |
Evergreen trees |
|
Deciduous trees |
||
Grass |
||
Water |
Water |
|
Snow |
Snow |
The surface cover fractions (i.e. proportion of the grid taken up by each surface) must be specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. The surface cover fractions are critical, so make certain that the different surface cover fractions are appropriate for your site.
For some locations, land cover information may be already available (e.g. from various remote sensing resources). If not, websites like Bing Maps and Google Maps allow you to see aerial images of your site and can be used to estimate the relative proportion of each land cover type. If detailed spatial datasets are available, UMEP allows for a direct link to a GIS environment using QGIS.
Anthropogenic heat flux (QF)¶
You can either model QF within SUEWS or provide it as an input.
To model it population density is needed as an input for LUMPS and SUEWS to calculate QF.
If you have no information about the population of the site we recommend that you use the LUCY model [lucy] [lucy2] to estimate the anthropogenic heat flux which can then be provided as input SUEWS along with the meteorological forcing data.
Alternatively, you can use the updated version of LUCY called LQF, which is included in UMEP.
Other information¶
The surface cover fractions and population density can have a major impact on the model output. However, it is important to consider the suitability of all parameters for your site. Using inappropriate parameters may result in the model returning an error or, worse, generating output that is simply not representative of your site. Please read the section on Input files. Recommended or reasonable ranges of values are suggested for some parameters, along with important considerations for how to select appropriate values for your site.
Data Entry¶
To create the series of input text files describing the characteristics of your site, there are three options:
Data can be entered directly into the input text files. The example (.txt) files provide a template to create your own files which can be edited with A text editor directly.
Data can be entered into the spreadsheet SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm and the input text files generated by running the macro.
Use UMEP.
To run the xlsm macro: Enter the data for your site into the xlsm spreadsheet SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm and then use the macro to create the text files which will appear the same directory.
If there is a problem
Make sure none of the text files to be generated are open.
It is recommended to close the spreadsheet before running the actual model code.
Note that in all txt files:
The first two rows are headers. The first row is the column number; the second row is the column name.
The names and order of the columns should not be altered from the templates, as these are checked by the model and errors will be returned if particular columns cannot be found.
Since v2017a it is no longer necessary for the meteorological forcing data to have two rows with -9 in column 1 as their last two rows.
“!” indicates a comment, so any text following “!” on the same line will not be read by the model.
If data are unavailable or not required, enter the value -999 in the correct place in the input file.
Ensure the units are correct for all input information. See Input files for a description of parameters.
In addition to these text files, the following files are also needed to run the model.
Preparation of the RunControl file¶
In the RunControl.nml file the site name (SS
) and directories for the
model input and output are given. This means before running the
model (even the with the example datasets) you must either
open the RunControl.nml file and edit the input and output file paths and the site name (with a A text editor) so that they are correct for your setup, or
create the directories specified in the RunControl.nml file
From the given site identification the model identifies the input files and generates the output files. For example if you specify:
FileOutputPath = “C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\”
and use site code SS the model creates an output file:
C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\SSss_YYYY_TT.txt
Note
remember to add the last backslash in windows and slash in Linux/Mac
If the file paths are not correct the program will return an error when run and write the error to the Error messages: problems.txt file.
Preparation of the Meteorological forcing data¶
The model time-step is specified in RunControl.nml (5 min is highly recommended). If meteorological forcing data are not available at this resolution, SUEWS has the option to downscale (e.g. hourly) data to the time-step required. See details about the SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt to learn more about choices of data input. Each grid can have its own meteorological forcing file, or a single file can be used for all grids. The forcing data should be representative of the local-scale, i.e. collected (or derived) above the height of the roughness elements (buildings and trees).
Preparation of the InitialConditions file¶
Information about the surface state and meteorological conditions just before the start of the run are provided in the Initial Conditions file. At the very start of the run, each grid can have its own Initial Conditions file, or a single file can be used for all grids. For details see Initial Conditions file.
Run the model for your site¶
To run the model you can use Command Prompt (in the directory where the programme is located type the model name) or just double click the executable file.
Please see Troubleshooting if you have problems running the model.
Analyse the output¶
It is a good idea to perform initial checks that the model output looks reasonable.
Characteristic |
Things to check |
---|---|
Leaf area index |
|
Kdown |
|
Albedo |
|
Summary of files¶
The table below lists the files required to run SUEWS and the output files produced. SS is the two-letter code (specified in RunControl) representing the site name, ss is the grid identification (integer values between 0 and 2,147,483,647 (largest 4-byte integer)) and YYYY is the year. TT is the resolution of the input/output file and tt is the model time-step.
The last column indicates whether the files are needed/produced once per run (1/run), or once per day (1/day), for each year (1/year) or for each grid (1/grid):
[B] indicates files used with the CBL part of SUEWS (BLUEWS) and therefore are only needed/produced if this option is selected
[E] indicates files associated with ESTM storage heat flux models and therefore are only needed/produced if this option is selected
Get in contact¶
For issues met in using SUEWS, we recommend the following ways to get in contact with the developers and the SUEWS community:
Report issues on our GitHub page.
Ask for help by joining the Email-list for SUEWS.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Input files¶
SUEWS allows you to input a large number of parameters to describe the characteristics of your site. You should not assume that the example values provided in files or in the tables below are appropriate. Values marked with ‘MD’ are examples of recommended values (see the suggested references to help decide how appropriate these are for your site/model domain); values marked with ‘MU’ need to be set (i.e. changed from the example) for your site/model domain.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
RunControl.nml¶
The file RunControl.nml is a namelist that specifies the options for the model run. It must be located in the same directory as the executable file.
A sample file of RunControl.nml looks like
&RunControl
CBLUse=0
SnowUse=0
SOLWEIGUse=0
NetRadiationMethod=3
EmissionsMethod=2
StorageHeatMethod=3
OHMIncQF=0
StabilityMethod=2
RoughLenHeatMethod=2
RoughLenMomMethod=2
SMDMethod=0
WaterUseMethod=0
FileCode='Saeve'
FileInputPath="./Input/"
FileOutputPath="./Output/"
MultipleMetFiles=0
MultipleInitFiles=0
MultipleESTMFiles=1
KeepTstepFilesIn=1
KeepTstepFilesOut=1
WriteOutOption=2
ResolutionFilesOut=3600
Tstep=300
ResolutionFilesIn=3600
ResolutionFilesInESTM=3600
DisaggMethod=1
RainDisaggMethod=100
DisaggMethodESTM=1
SuppressWarnings=1
KdownZen=0
diagnose=0
/
Note
In Linux and Mac, please add an empty line after the end slash.
The file is not case-sensitive.
The parameters and variables can appear in any order.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Scheme options¶
- CBLuse¶
Warning
Not available in this version.
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether a CBL slab model is used to calculate temperature and humidity.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
CBL model not used. SUEWS and LUMPS use temperature and humidity provided in the meteorological forcing file.
1
CBL model is used to calculate temperature and humidity used in SUEWS and LUMPS.
- SnowUse¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether the snow part of the model runs.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Snow calculations are not performed.
1
Snow calculations are performed.
- NetRadiationMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculation of radiation fluxes.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Uses observed values of Q* supplied in meteorological forcing file.
1
Q* modelled with L↓ observations supplied in meteorological forcing file. Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
2
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using cloud cover fraction supplied in meteorological forcing file (Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011]). Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
3
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using air temperature and relative humidity supplied in meteorological forcing file (Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011]). Zenith angle not accounted for in albedo calculation.
100
Q* modelled with L↓ observations supplied in meteorological forcing file. Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
200
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using cloud cover fraction supplied in meteorological forcing file (Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011]). Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
300
Q* modelled with L↓ modelled using air temperature and relative humidity supplied in meteorological forcing file (Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011]). Zenith angle accounted for in albedo calculation. SSss_YYYY_NARPOut.txt file produced. Not recommended in this version.
- EmissionsMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for QF calculation.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Uses values provided in the meteorological forcing file (SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt). If you do not want to include QF to the calculation of surface energy balance, you should set values in the meteorological forcing file to zero to prevent calculation of QF. UMEP provides two methods to calculate QF LQF which is simpler GQF which is more complete but requires more data inputs
1
Not recommended in this version. Calculated according to Loridan et al. (2011) [L2011] using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
2
Recommended in this version. Calculated according to Järvi et al. (2011) [J11] using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt and diurnal patterns specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
3
Updated Loridan et al. (2011) [L2011] method using daily (not instantaneous) air temperature (HDD(id-1,3)) using coefficients specified in SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt. Modelled values will be used even if QF is provided in the meteorological forcing file.
- StorageHeatMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating storage heat flux ΔQS.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
ΔQS modelled using the objective hysteresis model (OHM) [G91OHM] using parameters specified for each surface type.
2
Uses observed values of ΔQS supplied in meteorological forcing file.
3
ΔQS modelled using AnOHM. Not recommended in this version.
4
ΔQS modelled using the Element Surface Temperature Method (ESTM) (Offerle et al. 2005 [OGF2005] ). Not recommended in this version.
- OHMIncQF¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines whether the storage heat flux calculation uses Q* or ( Q* +QF).
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
ΔQS modelled Q* only.
1
ΔQS modelled using Q*+QF.
- StabilityMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Defines which atmospheric stability functions are used.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Not used.
1
Not used.
2
Momentum:
Not recommended in this version.
3
Momentum: Campbell and Norman (Eq 7.27, Pg97) [CN1988]
Heat
Recommended in this version.
4
Momentum: Businger et al. (1971) [B71] modified by Högstrom (1988) [H1988]
Heat: Businger et al. (1971) [B71] modified by Högstrom (1988) [H1988]
Not recommended in this version.
- RoughLenHeatMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating roughness length for heat.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Uses value of 0.1z0m.
2
Calculated according to Kawai et al. (2009) [Ka09].
Recommended in this version.
3
Calculated according to Voogt and Grimmond (2000) [VG00].
4
Calculated according to Kanda et al. (2007) [Ka07].
- RoughLenMomMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines how aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) and zero displacement height (zdm) are calculated.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Values specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are used.
Tip
Note that UMEP provides tools to calculate these. See Kent et al. (2017a) [Kent2017a] for recommendations on methods. Kent et al. (2017b) [Kent2017b] have developed a method to include vegetation which is also avaialble within UMEP.
2
z0m and zd are calculated using ‘rule of thumb’ (Grimmond and Oke 1999 [GO99]) using mean building and tree height specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. z0m and zd are adjusted with time to account for seasonal variation in porosity of deciduous trees.
3
z0m and zd are calculated based on the MacDonald et al. (1998) [Mc98] method using mean building and tree heights, plan area fraction and frontal areal index specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. z0m and zd are adjusted with time to account for seasonal variation in porosity of deciduous trees.
- SMDMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines method for calculating soil moisture deficit (SMD).
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
SMD modelled using parameters specified in SUEWS_Soil.txt. Recommended in this version.
1
Observed SM provided in the meteorological forcing file is used. Data are provided as volumetric soil moisture content. Metadata must be provided in SUEWS_Soil.txt. Not available in this version.
2
Observed SM provided in the meteorological forcing file is used. Data are provided as gravimetric soil moisture content. Metadata must be provided in SUEWS_Soil.txt. Not available in this version.
- WaterUseMethod¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Defines how external water use is calculated.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
External water use modelled using parameters specified in SUEWS_Irrigation.txt.
1
Observations of external water use provided in the meteorological forcing file are used.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS Site Information¶
The following text files provide SUEWS with information about the study area.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt¶
Note
this file used to be named as SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
and is changed to this name in v2019a.
SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt provides the parameters needed to model
the anthropogenic heat flux using either the method of Järvi et al.
(2011) based on heating and cooling degree days (EmissionsMethod
= 2
in RunControl.nml) or the method of Loridan et
al. (2011) based on air temperature (EmissionsMethod
= 1 in
RunControl.nml).
The sub-daily variation in anthropogenic heat flux is modelled according to the daily cycles specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
Alternatively, if available, the anthropogenic heat flux can be provided in the met forcing file (and set EmissionsMethod
= 0 in RunControl.nml) by filling the qf
column with valid values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C] |
|
3 |
|
Base value for QF on weekdays [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1 ] |
|
4 |
|
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
|
5 |
|
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
|
6 |
|
Base value for QF on weekends [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
|
7 |
|
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
|
8 |
|
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1] |
|
9 |
|
Minimum QF on weekdays [W m-2] |
|
10 |
|
Minimum QF on weekends [W m-2] |
|
11 |
|
Heating slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1] |
|
12 |
|
Heating slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1] |
|
13 |
|
Cooling slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1] |
|
14 |
|
Cooling slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1] |
|
15 |
|
Critical heating temperature on weekdays [°C] |
|
16 |
|
Critical heating temperature on weekends [°C] |
|
17 |
|
Critical cooling temperature on weekdays [°C] |
|
18 |
|
Critical cooling temperature on weekends [°C] |
|
19 |
|
Code linking to |
|
20 |
|
Code linking to |
|
21 |
|
Code linking to |
|
22 |
|
Code linking to |
|
23 |
|
Code for traffic activity profile (weekdays) linking to |
|
24 |
|
Code for traffic activity profile (weekends) linking to |
|
25 |
|
Code for population density profile (weekdays) linking to |
|
26 |
|
Code for population density profile (weekends) linking to |
|
27 |
|
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2] |
|
28 |
|
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2] |
|
29 |
|
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2] |
|
30 |
|
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2] |
|
31 |
|
Fraction of weekend population to weekday population. [-] |
|
32 |
|
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building heating [-] |
|
33 |
|
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building energy use [-] |
|
34 |
|
Emission factor for fuels used for building heating. |
|
35 |
|
Emission factor for heat [J k|m^-1|]. |
|
36 |
|
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] |
|
37 |
|
CO2 emission factor for weekends [kg km-1] |
|
38 |
|
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1] |
|
39 |
|
Units for the traffic rate for the study area. Not used in v2018a. |
An example SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Code BaseTHDD QF_A_WD QF_B_WD QF_C_WD QF_A_WE QF_B_WE QF_C_WE AHMin_WD AHMin_WE AHSlope_Heating_WD AHSlope_Heating_WE AHSlope_Cooling_WD AHSlope_Cooling_WE TCritic_Heating_WD TCritic_Heating_WE TCritic_Cooling_WD TCritic_Cooling_WE EnergyUseProfWD EnergyUseProfWE ActivityProfWD ActivityProfWE TraffProfWD TraffProfWE PopProfWD PopProfWE MinQFMetab MaxQFMetab MinFCMetab MaxFCMetab FrPDDwe FrFossilFuel_Heat FrFossilFuel_NonHeat EF_umolCO2perJ EnEF_v_Jkm FcEF_v_kgkmWD FcEF_v_kgkmWE CO2PointSource TrafficUnits
10 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0102 0.1000 0.0099 0.0102 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
11 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
551 18.2000 0.1446 0.0000 0.0037 0.1329 0.0000 0.0038 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
5512 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
661 18.2000 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 0.3081 0.0099 0.0102 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 42.0000 43.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.7000 0.7000 1.1590 3970000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
2 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0200 0.1000 0.0099 0.0200 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
3 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0300 0.1000 0.0099 0.0300 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
4 18.2000 0.1000 0.0099 0.0400 0.1000 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
51 18.2000 0.1217 0.0099 0.0400 0.1156 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
52 18.2000 0.1702 0.0099 0.0400 0.1446 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
53 18.2000 0.0772 0.0099 0.0400 0.0754 0.0099 0.0400 15.0000 15.0000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 2.7000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 7.0000 44.0000 45.0000 55663.0000 55664.0000 701.0000 702.0000 801.0000 802.0000 75.0000 175.0000 120.0000 280.0000 1.0000 0.0500 0.0000 1.1590 4110000.0000 0.2850 0.2850 0 1.0000
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Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt¶
Caution
The BiogenCO2 part is under development and not ready for use.
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt provides the parameters needed to model the Biogenic CO2 characteristics of vegetation surfaces.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
The mean apparent ecosystem quantum. Represents the initial slope of the light-response curve. |
|
3 |
|
The light-saturated gross photosynthesis of the canopy. [umol m-2 s-1 ] |
|
4 |
|
The convexity of the curve at light saturation. |
|
5 |
|
Part of the |
|
6 |
|
Part of the |
|
7 |
|
Respiration coefficient a. |
|
8 |
|
Respiration coefficient b - related to air temperature dependency. |
|
9 |
|
Minimum soil respiration rate (for cold-temperature limit) [umol m-2 s-1]. |
An example SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Code alpha beta theta alpha_enh beta_enh resp_a resp_b min_respi
11 0.044 43.35 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! London/Swindon , plant canopies, Ruimy et al. (1995)
12 0.0593 35 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! Hardwood forest, Schmid et al. (2000)
13 0.0205 16.3 -999 -999 -999 1.08 0.064 0.6 ! Temperate grassland, Flanagan et al. (2002)
21 0.031 17.793 0.723 -999 -999 3.229 0.0329 0.6 ! Helsinki
31 0.005 8.747 0.96 0.016 33.454 2.43 0 0.6 ! Helsinki
32 0.004 8.747 0.96 0.016 33.353 2.43 0 0.6 ! Helsinki test
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Conductance.txt¶
SUEWS_Conductance.txt contains the parameters needed for the Jarvis
(1976) [Ja76] surface conductance model used in the modelling of evaporation in
SUEWS. These values should not be changed independently of each
other. The suggested values below have been derived using datasets for
Los Angeles and Vancouver (see Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]) and should be
used with gsModel
= 1. An alternative formulation ( gsModel
=2) uses
slightly different functional forms and different coefficients (with
different units).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1] |
|
3 |
|
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2] |
|
4 |
|
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on |
|
5 |
|
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on |
|
6 |
|
Related to temperature dependence [°C] |
|
7 |
|
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1] |
|
8 |
|
Upper air temperature limit [°C] |
|
9 |
|
Lower air temperature limit [°C] |
|
10 |
|
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [-] |
|
11 |
|
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [mm] |
|
12 |
|
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
|
13 |
|
Formulation choice for conductance calculation. |
An example SUEWS_Conductance.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Code G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 TH TL S1 S2 Kmax gsModel
100 16.4764 566.0923 0.2163 3.3649 11.0764 0.0176 40 0 0.45 15 1200 1 ! Default Jarvi et al. (2011) gsModel=1
200 3.5 200 0.13 0.7 30 0.05 55 -10 5.56 0 1200 2 ! Updated Ward et al. (2016) gsModel=2
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Irrigation.txt¶
SUEWS includes a simple model for external water use if observed data are not available. The model calculates daily water use from the mean daily air temperature, number of days since rain and fraction of irrigated area using automatic/manual irrigation. The sub-daily pattern of water use is modelled according to the daily cycles specified in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
Alternatively, if available, the external water use can be provided in
the met forcing file (and set WaterUseMethod
= 1 in
RunControl.nml) by filling the Wuh
columns with valid values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Day when irrigation starts [DOY] |
|
3 |
|
Day when irrigation ends [DOY] |
|
4 |
|
Internal water use [mm h-1] |
|
5 |
|
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems |
|
6 |
|
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 ] |
|
7 |
|
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1] |
|
8 |
|
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-2 ] |
|
9 |
|
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 ] |
|
10 |
|
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1] |
|
11 |
|
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-2 ] |
|
12 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0] |
|
13 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0] |
|
14 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0] |
|
15 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0] |
|
16 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0] |
|
17 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0] |
|
18 |
|
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0] |
|
19 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1] |
|
20 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1] |
|
21 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1] |
|
22 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1] |
|
23 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1] |
|
24 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1] |
|
25 |
|
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1] |
An example SUEWS_Irrigation.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code Ie_start Ie_end InternalWaterUse Faut Ie_a1 Ie_a2 Ie_a3 Ie_m1 Ie_m2 Ie_m3 DayWat(1) DayWat(2) DayWat(3) DayWat(4) DayWat(5) DayWat(6) DayWat(7) DayWatPer(1) DayWatPer(2) DayWatPer(3) DayWatPer(4) DayWatPer(5) DayWatPer(6) DayWatPer(7)
99999 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! No irrigation
1 152 243 0 0.2 -84.535 9.959 3.674 -25.36 2.988 1.102 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
550 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Swindon "(not used, no irrigation)"
660 1 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! London (assume no irrigation at the moment)
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt¶
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt specifies the characteristics for the non-vegetated surface cover types (Paved, Bldgs, BSoil) by linking codes in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt to the codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt (Code_Paved, Code_Bldgs, Code_BSoil). Each row should correspond to a particular surface type. For suggestions on how to complete this table, see: Typical Values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
|
3 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
|
4 |
|
Effective surface emissivity. |
|
5 |
|
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
|
6 |
|
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
|
7 |
|
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
|
8 |
|
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
|
9 |
|
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
|
10 |
|
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
|
11 |
|
Coefficient b [-] used in |
|
12 |
|
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to |
|
13 |
|
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm] |
|
14 |
|
Limit of the snow water equivalent for snow removal from roads and roofs [mm] |
|
15 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
16 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
17 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
18 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
19 |
|
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
|
20 |
|
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
|
21 |
|
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
22 |
|
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
|
23 |
|
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
|
24 |
|
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_NonVeg.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 SoilTypeCode SnowLimPatch SnowLimRemove OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
100 0.09 0.09 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 3 10 3 50 190 40 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! PAV Helsinki
150 0.15 0.15 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 10 3 60 190 100 750 750 750 750 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! BLDG Helsinki
551 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.6 0.48 3 10 3 551 -999 -999 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! Paved Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
552 0.12 0.12 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.6 0.25 3 10 3 552 -999 -999 799 799 799 799 10 0.9 0 2000000 1.2 4 ! Bldgs Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
553 0.18 0.18 0.94 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 3 10 3 553 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 2000000 1.2 4 ! BSoil Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.12 0.12 0.95 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 3 10 3 661 120 10 800 800 800 800 10 0.9 0 1.5e6 0.1 2 ! Paved London
662 0.15 0.15 0.91 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 10 3 661 120 8.5 799 799 799 799 10 0.9 0 6000000 1.3 6 ! Bldgs London
663 0.21 0.21 0.93 1 1 1 1 2 0.013 1.71 661 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 4000000 1.5 5 ! Bsoil (not used) London
703 0.18 0.18 0.94 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 3 10 3 553 -999 -999 55 55 55 55 10 0.9 809 3500000 1.1 3 ! BSoil UF Fredrik LondonSmall London not used 6
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt¶
OHM, the Objective Hysteresis Model (Grimmond et al. 1991) [G91OHM] calculates the storage heat flux as a function of net all-wave radiation and surface characteristics.
For each surface, OHM requires three model coefficients (a1, a2, a3). The three should be selected as a set.
The SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt file provides these coefficients for each surface type.
A variety of values has been derived for different materials and can be found in the literature (see: Typical Values).
- Coefficients can be changed depending on:
surface wetness state (wet/dry) based on the calculated surface wetness state and soil moisture.
season (summer/winter) based on a 5-day running mean air temperature.
To use the same coefficients irrespective of wet/dry and summer/winter conditions, use the same code for all four OHM columns (
OHMCode_SummerWet
,OHMCode_SummerDry
,OHMCode_WinterWet
andOHMCode_WinterDry
).
Note
AnOHM (set in RunControl.nml by
StorageHeatMethod
= 3) does not use the coefficients specified in SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt but instead requires three parameters to be specified for each surface type (including snow): heat capacity (AnOHM_Cp
), thermal conductivity (AnOHM_Kk
) and bulk transfer coefficient (AnOHM_Ch
). These are specified in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, SUEWS_Veg.txt, SUEWS_Water.txt and SUEWS_Snow.txt. No additional files are required for AnOHM.AnOHM is under development in v2018b and should NOT be used!
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Coefficient for Q* term [-] |
|
3 |
|
Coefficient for |
|
4 |
|
Constant term [W m-2] |
An example SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4
Code a1 a2 a3 ! Surface type Reference Not recommended (NR)
10 0.71 0.04 -39.7 ! "Canyon (E-W), Japan" Yosheida (1990/91)
11 0.32 0.01 -27.7 ! "Canyon, Vancouver" Nunez (1974)
100 0.515 0.025 -33.7 ! Canyon (average)
200 0.336 0.313 -31.4 ! "Vegetation (average). This is the average of Codes 20, 30, 50, 51, 52, 53, 60 (i.e. includes soil and water)."
201 0.215 0.325 -19.85 ! NEW Vegetation only (average of codes 20 and 30).
2011 0.230 0.276 -16.91 ! Code 201 x Mulitplier for summer
2012 0.270 -0.435 6.62 ! Code 201 x Multiplier for winter
20 0.11 0.11 -12.3 ! Mixed Forest McCaughey (1985)
30 0.32 0.54 -27.4 ! Short grass Doll et al. (1985)
50 0.38 0.56 -27.3 ! Bare soil Novak (1982)
51 0.33 0.07 -34.9 ! Bare soil (wet) Fuchs & Hadas (1972)
52 0.35 0.43 -36.5 ! Bare soil (dry) Fuchs & Hadas (1972)
53 0.36 0.27 -42.4 ! Bare soil Asaeda & Ca (1983)
55 0.355 0.335 -35.275 ! "Bare soil (average). This is the average of Codes 50, 51, 52, 53."
551 0.379 0.284 -30.05 ! Code 55 x Mulitplier for summer
552 0.445 -0.448 11.77 ! Code 55 x Mulitplier for winter
60 0.5 0.21 -39.1 ! Water (shallow - turbid) Souch et al. (1998)
601 0.534 0.178 -33.31 ! Code 60 x Multiplier for summer
602 0.627 -0.281 13.05 ! Code 60 x Multiplier for winter
61 0.25 0.6 -30 ! Snow Jarvi et al. (2014)
713 0.17 0.1 -17 ! "Roof (tar and gravel, summer)" summer
701 0.3 0.96 -24 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS < 1 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
702 0.26 0.89 -21 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS 1-1.4 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
703 0.23 0.87 -24 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, dry, WS 1.5-2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
704 0.23 0.69 -21 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, gravel, wet, WS 0.9-1.9 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
705 0.06 0.28 -3 ! "Roof (commerical or industrial, bitumen spread over flat industrial membrane, wet & dry, WS 1.1-2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
706 0.15 0.28 -6 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 1 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
707 0.12 0.25 -5 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 1.0-1.4 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
708 0.1 0.23 -6 ! "Roof (residential, asphalt shingle on plywood, dry, WS < 2 m/s, Vancouver)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
709 0.09 0.18 -1 ! "Roof (STAR, residential, high albedo asphalt shingle, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
710 0.07 0.26 -6 ! "Roof (STAR, Japanese ceramic tile)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
711 0.06 0.43 -4 ! "Roof (STAR, slate tile, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
712 0.07 0.06 -5 ! "Roof (STAR, clay tile, dry, WS 1.0-1.4 m/s)" "Meyn & Oke (2009) Table 4, Pg 750"
750 0.19 0.54 -15.125 ! "Roof (own for SMEAR III, Helsinki)" Jarvi et al. (2014)
751 0.12 0.24 -4.5 ! Own for Montreal suburban (calculated as a average from shingle types) Jarvi et al. (2014)
752 0.26 0.85 -21.4 ! Own for Montreal urban (calculated as a average from gravel) Jarvi et al. (2014)
790 0.44 0.57 -28.9 ! Roof (Uppsala) Taseler (1980) NR
791 0.82 0.34 -55.7 ! Roof (membrane & concrete) Yoshida et al. (1990/91) NR
798 0.477 0.337 -33.87 ! "Rooftop average (of Taesler, Yap and Yoshida, as in Grimmond et al. 1992)" Keogh et al. (2012)
7981 0.510 0.286 -28.85 ! Code 798 x Multiplier for summer
7982 0.598 -0.451 11.30 ! Code 798 x Multiplier for winter
799 0.238 0.427 -16.7 ! Original roof average (inlcudes two not recommended - Meyn 2001 and old Meyn 2001 coefficients)
800 0.719 0.194 -36.6 ! "Impervious (average). This is the average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902, 903, 905, 906."
801 0.81 0.1 -79.9 ! Concrete Doll et al. (1985)
802 0.85 0.32 -28.5 ! Concrete Asaeda & Ca (1993)
901 0.36 0.23 -19.3 ! Asphalt Narita et al. (1984)
902 0.64 0.32 -43.6 ! Asphalt Asaeda & Ca (1993)
903 0.82 0.68 -20.1 ! Asphalt - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
905 0.72 0.54 -40.2 ! Asphalt (winter) - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
906 0.83 -0.83 -24.6 ! Asphalt (summer) - check these values? Anandakumar (1998)
904 0.805 -0.193 -9.39 ! An99 weighted average (all year) - calculated by HCW
907 0.767 0.452 -34.76 ! An99 Apr-Sep weighted average (summer) - calculated by HCW
908 0.843 -0.838 15.98 ! An99 Oct-Mar weighted average (winter) - calculated by HCW
909 0.67 0.493 -47.97 ! An99 August average - calculated by HCW
910 0.718 0.532 -40.81 ! An99 JJA average - calculated by HCW
850 0.665 0.243 -42.825 ! "Impervious (average) excluding all An99 values, i.e. average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902."
851 0.676 0.300 -42.42 ! "NEW Impervious (average). This is the average of Codes 801, 802, 901, 902, 910." Ward et al. (2015)
8511 0.722 0.255 -36.14 ! Code 851 x Multiplier for summer
8512 0.848 -0.402 14.16 ! Code 851 x Multiplier for winter
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Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Profiles.txt¶
SUEWS_Profiles.txt specifies the daily cycle of variables related to human behaviour (energy use, water use and snow clearing). Different profiles can be specified for weekdays and weekends. The profiles are provided at hourly resolution here; the model will then interpolate the hourly energy and water use profiles to the resolution of the model time step and normalize the values provided. Thus it does not matter whether columns 2-25 add up to, say 1, 24, or another number, because the model will handle this. Currently, the snow clearing profiles are not interpolated as these are effectively a switch (0 or 1).
If the anthropogenic heat flux and water use are specified in the met forcing file, the energy and water use profiles are not used.
Profiles are specified for the following
Anthropogenic heat flux (weekday and weekend)
Water use (weekday and weekend; manual and automatic irrigation)
Snow removal (weekday and weekend)
Human activity (weekday and weekend).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
2-25 |
|
Multiplier for each hour of the day [-] for energy and water use. For SnowClearing, set those hours to 1 when snow removal from paved and roof surface is allowed (0 otherwise) if the snow removal limits set in the SUEWS_NonVeg.txt (SnowLimR emove column) are exceeded. |
An example SUEWS_Profiles.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ! Vs 1987 Water Use Profile values
11 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 ! Manual LA Water Use Profile values
12 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ! Automatic LA Water Use Profile values
40 0.3 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.45 1.2 1.7 1.55 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.35 1.37 1.45 1.6 1.75 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.95 0.65 0.38 0.33 ! AHDIUPRF Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values
41 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! AHDIUPRF Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values
42 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! AHDIUPRF1 Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values Vs87
43 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! AHDIUPRF2 Anthropogenic Heat Flux Profile values Vs87
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Helsinki Snow removal
99999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
90000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! Arbitrary (constant all day)
550 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
551 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! Swindon Weekday QF
552 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! Swindon Weekend QF
5512 0.421569876 0.332818323 0.318026398 0.295838509 0.295838509 0.332818323 0.525113354 0.45004736 0.374981366 0.335920807 0.33331677 0.341128882 0.338524845 0.343732919 0.351545031 0.374981366 0.393209627 0.618174689 0.843139752 0.732200311 0.636052795 0.628656832 0.591677019 0.517717391 ! Swindon Weekday QF scaled for variable pop
660 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! London "Snow clearing, water use (not used)"
661 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.71 1.2 1.44 1.29 1.28 1.31 1.3 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.41 1.14 0.99 0.86 0.85 0.8 0.7 ! London Weekday QF
662 0.65 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.7 1.13 1.37 1.37 1.3 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.27 1.36 1.44 1.3 1.1 0.98 0.84 0.9 0.87 0.74 ! London Weekend QF
55663 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! UK Human activity 1
55664 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! UK Human activity 1
701 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.59 1.21 1.67 1.57 1.32 1.27 1.31 1.37 1.44 1.74 2.01 1.90 1.53 1.20 1.00 0.83 0.59 0.40 0.30 ! Helsinki Traffic Weekday
702 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.46 0.36 0.31 0.38 0.49 0.73 1.04 1.30 1.51 1.69 1.79 1.79 1.76 1.71 1.61 1.43 1.23 1.00 0.75 0.58 0.50 ! Helsinki Traffic Weekend
801 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 1 ! Helsinki Population Weekday
802 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1 ! Helsinki Population Weekend
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Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt¶
For each year and each grid, site specific surface cover information and other input parameters are provided to SUEWS by SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. The model currently requires a new row for each year of the model run. All rows in this file will be read by the model and run.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
a unique number to represent grid |
|
2 |
|
Year [YYYY] |
|
3 |
|
Start of the day light savings [DOY] |
|
4 |
|
End of the day light savings [DOY] |
|
5 |
|
Latitude [deg]. |
|
6 |
|
longitude [deg] |
|
7 |
|
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s). |
|
8 |
|
Area of the grid [ha]. |
|
9 |
|
Altitude of grids [m]. |
|
10 |
|
Measurement height [m]. |
|
11 |
|
Day of year [DOY] |
|
12 |
|
Hour [H] |
|
13 |
|
Minute [M] |
|
14 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
15 |
|
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-] |
|
16 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
17 |
|
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-] |
|
18 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
19 |
|
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-] |
|
20 |
|
Surface cover fraction of open water [-] |
|
21 |
|
Fraction of evergreen trees that are irrigated [-] |
|
22 |
|
Fraction of deciduous trees that are irrigated [-] |
|
23 |
|
Fraction of |
|
24 |
|
Mean building height [m] |
|
25 |
|
Mean height of evergreen trees [m] |
|
26 |
|
Mean height of deciduous trees [m] |
|
27 |
|
Roughness length for momentum [m] |
|
28 |
|
Zero-plane displacement [m] |
|
29 |
|
Frontal area index for buildings [-] |
|
30 |
|
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-] |
|
31 |
|
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-] |
|
32 |
|
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha-1] |
|
33 |
|
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha-1] |
|
34 |
|
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a. |
|
35 |
|
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a. |
|
36 |
|
Building energy use [W m-2] |
|
37 |
|
Building energy use [W m-2] |
|
38 |
|
Code for |
|
39 |
|
Code for |
|
40 |
|
Code for |
|
41 |
|
Code for |
|
42 |
|
Code for |
|
43 |
|
Code for |
|
44 |
|
Code for |
|
45 |
|
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1] |
|
46 |
|
Limit when surface totally covered with water for LUMPS [mm] |
|
47 |
|
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. |
|
48 |
|
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-] |
|
49 |
|
Code for surface conductance parameters linking to |
|
50 |
|
Code for snow surface characteristics linking to |
|
51 |
|
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) linking to |
|
52 |
|
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) linking to |
|
53 |
|
Code for modelling anthropogenic heat flux linking to |
|
54 |
|
Code for modelling irrigation linking to |
|
55 |
|
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) linking to |
|
56 |
|
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) linking to |
|
57 |
|
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) linking to |
|
58 |
|
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) linking to |
|
59 |
|
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1] |
|
60 |
|
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-] |
|
61 |
|
Storage capacity of pipes [mm] |
|
62 |
|
Number of the 1st grid where water can flow to |
|
63 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
64 |
|
Number of the 2nd grid where water can flow to |
|
65 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
66 |
|
Number of the 3rd grid where water can flow to |
|
67 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
68 |
|
Number of the 4th grid where water can flow to |
|
69 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
70 |
|
Number of the 5th grid where water can flow to |
|
71 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
72 |
|
Number of the 6th grid where water can flow to |
|
73 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
74 |
|
Number of the 7th grid where water can flow to |
|
75 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
76 |
|
Number of the 8th grid where water can flow to |
|
77 |
|
Fraction of water that can flow to |
|
78 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
79 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
80 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
81 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
82 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
83 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from |
|
84 |
|
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. |
|
85 |
|
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation). |
|
86 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
87 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
88 |
|
Surface cover fraction of |
|
89 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
90 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
91 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
92 |
|
Surface cover fraction of building class 1 used in ESTM calculations |
|
93 |
|
Surface cover fraction of building class 2 used in ESTM calculations |
|
94 |
|
Surface cover fraction of building class 3 used in ESTM calculations |
|
95 |
|
Surface cover fraction of building class 4 used in ESTM calculations |
|
96 |
|
Surface cover fraction of building class 5 used in ESTM calculations |
|
97 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
98 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
99 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
100 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
101 |
|
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Attention
Two rows of
-9
should be placed at end of this file.In this file the column order is important.
Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_Paved
toFr_Water
should sum up to 1.Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1
toFr_ESTMClass_Paved3
should sum up to 1.Surface cover fractions specified from
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1
toFr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5
should sum up to 1.In this file the row order is important for simulations of multiple grids and multiple years. Ensure the rows in are arranged so that all grids for a particular year appear on consecutive lines (rather than grouping all years together for a particular grid). See below for a valid example:
Grid Year ... 1 2001 ... 2 2001 ... 1 2002 ... 2 2002 ...
Tip
!
can be used to indicate comments in the file. Comments are not read by the
programme so they can be used by the user to provide notes for their
interpretation of the contents. This is strongly recommended.
Day Light Savings (DLS)¶
The dates for DLS normally vary for each year and country as they are often associated with a specific set of Sunday mornings at the beginning of summer and autumn. Note it is important to remember leap years. You can check http://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/ for your city.
Tip
If DLS does not occur give a start and end day immediately after it. Make certain the dummy dates are correct for the hemisphere
For northern hemisphere, use: 180 181
For southern hemisphere, use: 365 1
- Example when running multiple years (in this case 2008 and 2009 in Canada):
Year
start of daylight savings
end of daylight savings
2008
170
240
2009
172
242
Grid Connections (water flow between grids)¶
Caution
Not available in this version.
columns between
GridConnection1of8
andGridConnection8of8
in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt can be set to zero.
This section gives an example of water flow between grids, calculated based on the relative elevation of the grids and length of the connecting surface between adjacent grids. For the square grids in the figure, water flow is assumed to be zero between diagonally adjacent grids, as the length of connecting surface linking the grids is very small. Model grids need not be square or the same size.
The table gives example values for the grid connections part of SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for the grids shown in the figure. For each row, only water flowing out of the current grid is entered (e.g. water flows from 234 to 236 and 237, with a larger proportion of water flowing to 237 because of the greater length of connecting surface between 234 and 237 than between 234 and 236. No water is assumed to flow between 234 and 233 or 235 because there is no elevation difference between these grids. Grids 234 and 238 are at the same elevation and only connect at a point, so no water flows between them. Water enters grid 234 from grids 230, 231 and 232 as these are more elevated.

Example grid connections showing water flow between grids.¶
Note
Arrows indicate the water flow in to and out of grid 234, but note that only only water flowing out of each grid is entered in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt

Example values for the grid connections part of SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for the grids.¶
An example SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101
Grid Year StartDLS EndDLS lat lng Timezone SurfaceArea Alt z id ih imin Fr_Paved Fr_Bldgs Fr_EveTr Fr_DecTr Fr_Grass Fr_Bsoil Fr_Water IrrFr_EveTr IrrFr_DecTr IrrFr_Grass H_Bldgs H_EveTr H_DecTr z0 zd FAI_Bldgs FAI_EveTr FAI_DecTr PopDensDay PopDensNight TrafficRate_WD TrafficRate_WE QF0_BEU_WD QF0_BEU_WE Code_Paved Code_Bldgs Code_EveTr Code_DecTr Code_Grass Code_Bsoil Code_Water LUMPS_DrRate LUMPS_Cover LUMPS_MaxRes NARP_Trans CondCode SnowCode SnowClearingProfWD SnowClearingProfWE AnthropogenicCode IrrigationCode WaterUseProfManuWD WaterUseProfManuWE WaterUseProfAutoWD WaterUseProfAutoWE FlowChange RunoffToWater PipeCapacity GridConnection1of8 Fraction1of8 GridConnection2of8 Fraction2of8 GridConnection3of8 Fraction3of8 GridConnection4of8 Fraction4of8 GridConnection5of8 Fraction5of8 GridConnection6of8 Fraction6of8 GridConnection7of8 Fraction7of8 GridConnection8of8 Fraction8of8 WithinGridPavedCode WithinGridBldgsCode WithinGridEveTrCode WithinGridDecTrCode WithinGridGrassCode WithinGridUnmanBSoilCode WithinGridWaterCode AreaWall Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1 Fr_ESTMClass_Paved2 Fr_ESTMClass_Paved3 Code_ESTMClass_Paved1 Code_ESTMClass_Paved2 Code_ESTMClass_Paved3 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs5
1 2004 85 302 57.7700 11.8700 2.0000 1.0000 15.0000 10.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0100 0.2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0134 0.0095 0.7442 0.7955 661.0000 662.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 663.0000 661.0000 0.2500 1.0000 10.0000 1.0000 200.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 661.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 0.0000 0.1000 100.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 664.0000 665.0000 666.0000 667.0000 -999.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 99999.0000 807.0000 99999.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 801.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000
1 2005 85 302 57.7700 11.8700 2.0000 1.0000 15.0000 10.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0100 0.2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0134 0.0095 0.7442 0.7955 661.0000 662.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 663.0000 661.0000 0.2500 1.0000 10.0000 1.0000 200.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 661.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 660.0000 0.0000 0.1000 100.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 661.0000 662.0000 663.0000 664.0000 665.0000 666.0000 667.0000 -999.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 99999.0000 807.0000 99999.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 801.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000 99999.0000
-9
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Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Snow.txt¶
SUEWS_Snow.txt specifies the characteristics for snow surfaces when
SnowUse=1
in RunControl.nml. If the snow part of
the model is not run, fill this table with ‘-999’ except for the first
(Code) column and set SnowUse=0
in RunControl.nml.
For a detailed description of the variables, see Järvi et al.
(2014) [Leena2014].
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1] |
|
3 |
|
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1] |
|
4 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
|
5 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
|
6 |
|
Effective surface emissivity. |
|
7 |
|
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-] |
|
8 |
|
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-] |
|
9 |
|
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow [mm] |
|
10 |
|
Fresh snow density [kg m-3] |
|
11 |
|
Maximum snow density [kg m-3] |
|
12 |
|
Time constant for snow density ageing [-] |
|
13 |
|
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
|
14 |
|
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
|
15 |
|
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C] |
|
16 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
17 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
18 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
19 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
20 |
|
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
|
21 |
|
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
|
22 |
|
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
23 |
|
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
|
24 |
|
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
|
25 |
|
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_Snow.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Code RadMeltFactor TempMeltFactor AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity tau_a tau_f PrecipLimAlb SnowDensMin SnowDensMax tau_r CRWMin CRWMax PrecipLimSnow OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
99999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 99999 100000 1.2 4 !
1 0.0016 0.12 0.18 0.85 0.99 0.018 0.11 2 100 400 0.043 0.05 0.2 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! Helsinki (HCW added 0.99 for emissivity) Jarvi et al. (2014)
550 0.001 0.14 0.18 0.8 0.99 0.01 0.1 2 100 450 0.02 0.03 0.1 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
660 0.001 0.14 0.18 0.8 0.99 0.01 0.1 2 100 450 0.02 0.03 0.1 2.2 61 61 61 61 10 0.9 61 100000 1.2 4 ! London
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Soil.txt¶
SUEWS_Soil.txt specifies the characteristics of the sub-surface soil below each of the non-water surface types (Paved, Bldgs, EveTr, DecTr, Grass, BSoil). The model does not have a soil store below the water surfaces. Note that these sub-surface soil stores are different to the bare soil/unmamnaged surface cover type. Each of the non-water surface types need to link to soil characteristics specified here. If the soil characteristics are assumed to be the same for all surface types, use a single code value to link the characteristics here with the SoilTypeCode columns in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt and SUEWS_Veg.txt.
Soil moisture can either be provided using observational data in the met
forcing file (SMDMethod
= 1 or 2 in
RunControl.nml) and providing some metadata information here (OBS columns),
or modelled by SUEWS (SMDMethod
= 0 in RunControl.nml).
Caution
The option to use observational data is not operational in the current release!
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Depth of soil beneath the surface [mm] |
|
3 |
|
Limit value for |
|
4 |
|
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1] |
|
5 |
|
Soil density [kg m-3] |
|
6 |
|
Infiltration rate. |
|
7 |
|
The depth of soil moisture measurements. [mm] |
|
8 |
|
The maximum observed soil moisture. [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1] |
|
9 |
|
Fraction of soil without rocks. [-] |
An example SUEWS_Soil.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Code SoilDepth SoilStoreCap SatHydraulicCond SoilDensity InfiltrationRate OBS_SMDepth OBS_SMCap OBS_SoilNotRocks
551 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below Paved) Ward et al. (2013)
552 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below Built) Ward et al. (2013)
553 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! Swindon (below others) Ward et al. (2013)
661 350 150 5.00E-04 -999 -999 -999 -999 -999 ! London
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Veg.txt¶
SUEWS_Veg.txt specifies the characteristics for the vegetated surface cover types (EveTr, DecTr, Grass) by linking codes in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt to the codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt (Code_EveTr, Code_DecTr, Code_Grass). Each row should correspond to a particular surface type. For suggestions on how to complete this table, see: Typical Values.
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
|
3 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
|
4 |
|
Effective surface emissivity. |
|
5 |
|
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
|
6 |
|
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
|
7 |
|
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
|
8 |
|
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
|
9 |
|
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
|
10 |
|
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
|
11 |
|
Coefficient b [-] used in |
|
12 |
|
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to |
|
13 |
|
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm] |
|
14 |
|
Base Temperature for initiating growing degree days (GDD) for leaf growth. [°C] |
|
15 |
|
Base temperature for initiating sensesance degree days (SDD) for leaf off. [°C] |
|
16 |
|
The growing degree days (GDD) needed for full capacity of the leaf area index (LAI) [°C]. |
|
17 |
|
The sensesence degree days (SDD) needed to initiate leaf off. [°C] |
|
18 |
|
leaf-off wintertime value |
|
19 |
|
full leaf-on summertime value |
|
20 |
|
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for |
|
21 |
|
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for |
|
22 |
|
The maximum conductance of each vegetation or surface type. [mm s-1] |
|
23 |
|
LAI calculation choice. |
|
24 |
|
a parameter required by LAI calculation in |
|
25 |
|
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
|
26 |
|
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
|
27 |
|
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in |
|
28 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
29 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
30 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
31 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
32 |
|
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
|
33 |
|
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
|
34 |
|
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
35 |
|
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
|
36 |
|
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
|
37 |
|
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
|
38 |
|
Code linking to the |
An example SUEWS_Veg.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 SoilTypeCode SnowLimPatch BaseT BaseTe GDDFull SDDFull LAIMin LAIMax PorosityMin PorosityMax MaxConductance LAIEq LeafGrowthPower1 LeafGrowthPower2 LeafOffPower1 LeafOffPower2 OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch BiogenCO2Code
300 0.1 0.1 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! ET Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
330 0.16 0.16 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! DT Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
360 0.19 0.19 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3 10 3 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 40 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! IG Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
361 0.19 0.19 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.13 1.71 70 190 5 10 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 200 1000000 1.2 4 21 ! UG Helsinki Jarvi et al (2014)
551 0.1 0.1 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
552 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 1 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
553 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 2 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 553 -999 6 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 1 0.04 0.001 -1.5 0.0015 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 812 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! Grass Swindon Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.11 0.12 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr London
662 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr London
663 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 200 200 200 200 10 0.9 812 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! Grass London
700 0.11 0.12 0.98 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 4 5.1 -999 -999 7.4 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 810 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! EveTr London
701 0.12 0.18 0.98 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1 5.5 0.2 0.6 11.7 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 811 1000000 1.2 4 11 ! DecTr London
702 0.18 0.21 0.93 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 0.013 1.71 661 120 5 11 300 -450 1.6 5.9 -999 -999 33.1 0 0.03 0.0005 0.03 0.0005 201 201 201 201 10 0.9 812 500000 0.2 1 11 ! Grass London
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_Water.txt¶
SUEWS_Water.txt specifies the characteristics for the water surface
cover type by linking codes in column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt to the codes
specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt (Code_Water
).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table. |
|
2 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow). |
|
3 |
|
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. |
|
4 |
|
Effective surface emissivity. |
|
5 |
|
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). |
|
6 |
|
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
|
7 |
|
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm]. |
|
8 |
|
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm] |
|
9 |
|
Water depth [mm]. |
|
10 |
|
Calculation choice for Drainage equation |
|
11 |
|
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in |
|
12 |
|
Coefficient b [-] used in |
|
13 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
14 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
15 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
16 |
|
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. |
|
17 |
|
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] |
|
18 |
|
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-] |
|
19 |
|
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
|
20 |
|
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3] |
|
21 |
|
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1] |
|
22 |
|
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-] |
An example SUEWS_Water.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Code AlbedoMin AlbedoMax Emissivity StorageMin StorageMax WetThreshold StateLimit WaterDepth DrainageEq DrainageCoef1 DrainageCoef2 OHMCode_SummerWet OHMCode_SummerDry OHMCode_WinterWet OHMCode_WinterDry OHMThresh_SW OHMThresh_WD ESTMCode AnOHM_Cp AnOHM_Kk AnOHM_Ch
1000 0.08 0.08 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 2000 2000 0 0 0 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 60 4100000 1.2 4 ! Helsinki Jarvi et al. (2014)
551 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 1000 1000 -999 -999 -999 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 60 4100000 1.2 4 ! Swindon (no water) Ward et al. (2013)
661 0.1 0.1 0.95 0.5 0.5 0.5 30000 20000 0 0 0 60 60 60 60 10 0.9 813 4100000 1.2 4 ! London
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt¶
SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt specifies the movement of water between surfaces within a grid/area. It allows impervious connectivity to be taken into account.
Each row corresponds to a surface type (linked by the Code in column 1 to the SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt columns: WithinGridPavedCode, WithinGridBldgsCode, …, WithinGridWaterCode). Each column contains the fraction of water flowing from the surface type to each of the other surface types or to runoff or the sub-surface soil store.
Note
The sum of each row (excluding the Code) must equal 1.
Water CANNOT flow from one surface to that same surface, so the diagonal elements should be zero.
The row corresponding to the water surface should be zero, as there is currently no flow permitted from the water surface to other surfaces by the model.
Currently water CANNOT go to both runoff and soil store (i.e. it must go to one or the other –
runoff
for impervious surfaces;soilstore
for pervious surfaces).
In the table below, for example,
All flow from paved surfaces goes to runoff;
90% of flow from buildings goes to runoff, with small amounts going to other surfaces (mostly paved surfaces as buildings are often surrounded by paved areas);
All flow from vegetated and bare soil areas goes into the sub-surface soil store;
The row corresponding to water contains zeros (as it is currently not used).
No. |
Column Name |
Use |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
2 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
3 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
4 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
5 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
6 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
7 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
8 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
|
9 |
|
Fraction of water going to |
An example SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt can be found below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Code ToPaved ToBldgs ToEveTr ToDecTr ToGrass ToBSoil ToWater ToRunoff ToSoilStore !
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ! Paved Example
20 0.06 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.9 0 ! Buildings Example
30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Evergreen Example
40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Decid Example
50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass Example
60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! UnmanBare Example
70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water Example
21 0.03 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.93 0 ! Buildings Example
551 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.98 0 ! Paved Swindon
552 0.08 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.9 0 ! Bldgs Swindon
553 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! EveTr Swindon
554 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! DecTr Swindon
555 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass Swindon
556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Bsoil Swindon
557 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water Swindon (not present)
661 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.98 0 ! Paved London
662 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0 ! Bldgs London
663 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 ! EveTr London (not present)
664 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 ! DecTr London
665 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Grass London
666 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! Bsoil London (not present)
667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Water London
-9
-9
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Input Options¶
- a1¶
- Description
Coefficient for Q* term [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Coefficient for Q* term [-]
- a2¶
- Description
Coefficient for
dQ*/dt
term [h]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Coefficient for dQ*/dt term [h]
- a3¶
- Description
Constant term [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Constant term [W m-2]
- ActivityProfWD¶
- Description
Code linking to
ActivityProfWD
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for human activity profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Used for CO2 flux calculation.
Not used in this version.
- ActivityProfWE¶
- Description
Code linking to
ActivityProfWE
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for human activity profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Look the codes Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Used for CO2 flux calculation.
Not used in this version.
- AHMin_WD¶
- Description
Minimum QF on weekdays [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHMin_WE¶
- Description
Minimum QF on weekends [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Heating_WD¶
- Description
Heating slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Heating_WE¶
- Description
Heating slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Cooling_WD¶
- Description
Cooling slope of QF on weekdays [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AHSlope_Cooling_WE¶
- Description
Cooling slope of QF on weekends [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- AlbedoMax¶
- Description
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for summertime. View factors should be taken into account.
MU
Example values [-]
MU
Example values [-]
0.1 Water Oke (1987) [Ok87]
MU
Example values [-]
0.85 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- AlbedoMin¶
- Description
Effective surface albedo (middle of the day value) for wintertime (not including snow).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces – set the same as AlbedoMax.
MU
Example values [-]
MU
Not currently used for water surface - set same as AlbedoMax.
MU
Example values [-]
0.18 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- alpha¶
- Description
The mean apparent ecosystem quantum. Represents the initial slope of the light-response curve. [umol CO2 umol photons^-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Example values:
EmissionsMethod
= 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16: 0.044 Ruimy et al (1995) [R95], 0.0593 Schmid et al. (2000) [S2000], 0.0205 Flanagan et al. (2002) [FWC2002].EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26: 0.031 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 0.005 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]
- Alt¶
- Description
Altitude of grids [m].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Used for both the radiation and water flow between grids. Not available in this version.
- AnOHM_Ch¶
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
MU
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
MU
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
MU
Bulk transfer coefficient for this surface to use in AnOHM [-]
- AnOHM_Cp¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
MU
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
MU
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
MU
Volumetric heat capacity for this surface to use in AnOHM [J m-3]
- AnOHM_Kk¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
MU
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
MU
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
MU
Thermal conductivity for this surface to use in AnOHM [W m K-1]
- AnthropogenicCode¶
- Description
Code for modelling anthropogenic heat flux linking to
Code
of SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt, which contains the model coefficients for estimation of the anthropogenic heat flux (used ifEmissionsMethod
= 1, 2 in RunControl.nml).- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt.
- AreaWall¶
- Description
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Area of wall within grid (needed for ESTM calculation).
- BaseT¶
- Description
Base Temperature for initiating growing degree days (GDD) for leaf growth. [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
See section 2.2 Järvi et al. (2011); Appendix A Järvi et al. (2014). Example values: 5 for EveTr Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
- BaseTe¶
- Description
Base temperature for initiating sensesance degree days (SDD) for leaf off. [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
See section 2.2 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11] ; Appendix A Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014] . Example values: 10 EveTr Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
- BaseTHDD¶
- Description
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Base temperature for heating degree days [°C] e.g. Sailor and Vasireddy (2006) [SV06]
- beta¶
- Description
The light-saturated gross photosynthesis of the canopy. [umol m-2 s-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Example values:
EmissionsMethod
= 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16: 43.35 Ruimy et al. (1995) [R95], 35 Schmid et al. (2000) [S2000], 16.3 Flanagan et al. (2002) [FWC2002]EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26: 17.793 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 8.474 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]
- theta¶
- Description
The convexity of the curve at light saturation.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Example value:
EmissionsMethod
= 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26: 0.723 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]EmissionsMethod
= 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36: 0.96 Bellucco et al. (2017) [B2017]
- alpha_enh¶
- beta_enh¶
- resp_a¶
- resp_b¶
- min_respi¶
- Description
Minimum soil respiration rate (for cold-temperature limit) [umol m-2 s-1].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Example values: 0.6 estimate from Hyytiälä forest site.
- BiogenCO2Code¶
- Description
Code linking to the
Code
column in SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to the
Code
column in SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt.
- QF0_BEU_WD¶
- Description
Building energy use [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- QF0_BEU_WE¶
- Description
Building energy use [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Can be used for CO2 flux calculation. set to -999 Not used in this version.
- CO2PointSource¶
- Description
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
CO2 emission factor [kg km-1]
- Code¶
- Description
Code linking to a corresponding look-up table.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for paved surfaces (Code_Paved), buildings (Code_Bldgs) and bare soil surfaces (Code_BSoil). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for evergreen trees and shrubs (Code_EveTr), deciduous trees and shrubs (Code_DecTr) and grass surfaces (Code_Grass). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for water surfaces (Code_Water). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for snow surfaces (SnowCode). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to the SoilTypeCode column in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt (for Paved, Bldgs and BSoil surfaces) and SUEWS_Veg.txt (for EveTr, DecTr and Grass surfaces). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to the CondCode column in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to the AnthropogenicCode column in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt for irrigation modelling (IrrigationCode). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match codes specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
L
Code linking to the
OHMCode_SummerWet
,OHMCode_SummerDry
,OHMCode_WinterWet
andOHMCode_WinterDry
columns in SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, SUEWS_Veg.txt, SUEWS_Water.txt and SUEWS_Snow.txt files. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.L
For buildings and paved surfaces, set to zero if there is more than one ESTM class per grid and the codes and surface fractions specified in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt will be used instead.
L
Code linking to the
BiogenCO2Code
column in SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Bldgs¶
- Description
Code for
Bldgs
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for Bldgs surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, which contains the attributes describing buildings in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt.
- Code_BSoil¶
- Description
Code for
BSoil
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt.
- Code_DecTr¶
- Description
Code for
DecTr
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for DecTr surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing deciduous trees and shrubs in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs1¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs2¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs3¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs4¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs5¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved1¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved2¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_ESTMClass_Paved3¶
- Description
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Code_EveTr¶
- Description
Code for
EveTr
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for EveTr surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing evergreen trees and shrubs in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Grass¶
- Description
Code for
Grass
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Veg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for Grass surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt, which contains the attributes describing grass surfaces in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Veg.txt.
- Code_Paved¶
- Description
Code for
Paved
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for Paved surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt, which contains the attributes describing paved areas in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt. e.g. 331 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_NonVeg.txt which has 331 in column 1 (Code).
- Code_Water¶
- Description
Code for
Water
surface characteristics linking toCode
of SUEWS_Water.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for Water surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt, which contains the attributes describing open water in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Water.txt.
- CondCode¶
- Description
Code for surface conductance parameters linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Conductance.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for surface conductance parameters Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Conductance.txt, which contains the parameters for the Jarvis (1976) [Ja76] parameterisation of surface conductance. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Conductance.txt. e.g. 33 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Conductance.txt which has 33 in column 1 (Code).
- CRWMax¶
- Description
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- CRWMin¶
- Description
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm]
- DayWat(1)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Sundays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(2)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Mondays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(3)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Tuesdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(4)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Wednesdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(5)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Thursdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(6)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Fridays [1], if not [0]
- DayWat(7)¶
- Description
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Irrigation allowed on Saturdays [1], if not [0]
- DayWatPer(1)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Sundays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(2)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Mondays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(3)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Tuesdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(4)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Wednesdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(5)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Thursdays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(6)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Fridays [0-1]
- DayWatPer(7)¶
- Description
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of properties using irrigation on Saturdays [0-1]
- DrainageCoef1¶
- Description
Coefficient D0 [mm h-1] used in
DrainageEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 10 forPaved
andBldgs
;DrainageEq
= 2, 0.013 forBSoil
MD
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 10 forGrass
(irrigated);DrainageEq
= 2, 0.013 forEveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated)
MD
Not currently used for water surface
- DrainageCoef2¶
- Description
Coefficient b [-] used in
DrainageEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 3 forPaved
andBldgs
DrainageEq
= 2, 1.71 forBSoil
MD
Example values:
DrainageEq
= 3, 3 forGrass
(irrigated)DrainageEq
= 2, 1.71 forEveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated)
MD
Not currently used for water surface
- DrainageEq¶
- Description
Calculation choice for Drainage equation
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Options:
MD
Options:
1: Falk and Niemczynowicz (1978) [FN78]
2: Halldin et al. (1979) [Ha79] (Rutter eqn corrected for c=0, see Calder & Wright (1986) [CW86] )
3: for
EveTr
,DecTr
,Grass
(unirrigated) Falk and Niemczynowicz (1978) [FN78] Coefficients are specified in the following two columns. Recommended in this version.
MD
Not currently used for water surface.
- EF_umolCO2perJ¶
- Description
Emission factor for fuels used for building heating.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- Emissivity¶
- Description
Effective surface emissivity.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Effective surface emissivity. View factors should be taken into account.
MU
Example values [-]
MU
Example values [-]
0.95 Water Oke (1987) [Ok87]
MU
Example values [-]
0.99 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- EndDLS¶
- Description
End of the day light savings [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
End of the day light savings [DOY] See Day Light Savings (DLS).
- EnEF_v_Jkm¶
- Description
Emission factor for heat [J k|m^-1|].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Emission factor for heat [J k|m^-1|]. Example values: 3.97e6 Sailor and Lu (2004) [SL04]
- EnergyUseProfWD¶
- Description
Code linking to
EnergyUseProfWD
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for energy use profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Look the codes Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- EnergyUseProfWE¶
- Description
Code linking to
EnergyUseProfWE
in SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for energy use profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- ESTMCode¶
- Description
Code for ESTM coefficients linking to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
For paved and building surfaces, it is possible to specify multiple codes per grid (3 for paved, 5 for buildings) using SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . In this case, set ESTMCode here to zero.
L
Code for ESTM coefficients to use for this surface. Links to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for ESTM coefficients to use for this surface. Links to SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt.
L
For paved and building surfaces, it is possible to specify multiple codes per grid (3 for paved, 5 for buildings) using SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt . In this case, set ESTM code here to zero.
- FAI_Bldgs¶
- Description
Frontal area index for buildings [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Frontal area index for buildings [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- FAI_DecTr¶
- Description
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Frontal area index for deciduous trees [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- FAI_EveTr¶
- Description
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Frontal area index for evergreen trees [-] Required if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 3 in RunControl.nml .
- Faut¶
- Description
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of irrigated area that is irrigated using automated systems (e.g. sprinklers).
- FcEF_v_kgkmWD¶
- Description
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FcEF_v_kgkmWE¶
- Description
CO2 emission factor for weekends [kg km-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
CO2 emission factor for weekdays [kg km-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FcEF_v_Jkm¶
- Description
Traffic emission factor for CO2.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- fcld¶
- Description
Cloud fraction [tenths]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Cloud fraction [tenths]
- FlowChange¶
- Description
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Difference in input and output flows for water surface [mm h-1] Used to indicate river or stream flow through the grid. Currently not fully tested!
- Fraction1of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection1of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction2of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection2of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction3of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection3of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction4of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection4of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction5of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection5of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction6of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection6of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction7of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection7of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fraction8of8¶
- Description
Fraction of water that can flow to
GridConnection8of8
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of water that can flow to the grid specified in previous column [-]
- Fr_Bldgs¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of buildings [-]
- Fr_Bsoil¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of bare soil or unmanaged land [-]
- Fr_DecTr¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of deciduous trees and shrubs [-]
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 1 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs2¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 2 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs3¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 3 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs4¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 4 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs5¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of building class 5 used in ESTM calculations
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 94-98 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 1 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved2¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 2 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_ESTMClass_Paved3¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surface class 3 used in ESTM calculations- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 88-90 must add up to 1
- Fr_EveTr¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
EveTr
: evergreen trees and shrubs [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of evergreen trees and shrubs [-]
- Fr_Grass¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Grass
[-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of grass [-]
- Fr_Paved¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of
Paved
surfaces [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Columns 14 to 20 must sum to 1 .
- Fr_Water¶
- Description
Surface cover fraction of open water [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Surface cover fraction of open water [-] (e.g. river, lakes, ponds, swimming pools)
- FrFossilFuel_Heat¶
- Description
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building heating [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FrFossilFuel_NonHeat¶
- Description
Fraction of fossil fuels used for building energy use [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- FrPDDwe¶
- Description
Fraction of weekend population to weekday population. [-]
- Configuration
- G1¶
- Description
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to maximum surface conductance [mm s-1]
- G2¶
- Description
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to Kdown dependence [W m-2]
- G3¶
- Description
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on
gsModel
]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on gsChoice in RunControl.nml ]
- G4¶
- Description
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on
gsModel
]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to VPD dependence [units depend on gsChoice in RunControl.nml ]
- G5¶
- Description
Related to temperature dependence [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to temperature dependence [°C]
- G6¶
- Description
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm-1]
- gamq_gkgm¶
- Description
vertical gradient of specific humidity [g kg-1 m-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
vertical gradient of specific humidity (g kg-1 m-1 )
- gamt_Km¶
- Description
vertical gradient of potential temperature [K m-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
vertical gradient of potential temperature (K m-1 ) strength of the inversion
- GDDFull¶
- Description
The growing degree days (GDD) needed for full capacity of the leaf area index (LAI) [°C].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
This should be checked carefully for your study area using modelled LAI from the DailyState output file compared to known behaviour in the study area. See section 2.2 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11] ; Appendix A Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014] for more details. Example values: 300 for
EveTr
Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
- Grid¶
- Description
a unique number to represent grid
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Grid numbers do not need to be consecutive and do not need to start at a particular value. Each grid must have a unique grid number. All grids must be present for all years. These grid numbers are referred to in GridConnections (columns 64-79) ( N.B. Not available in this version. )
- GridConnection1of8¶
- Description
Number of the 1st grid where water can flow to The next 8 pairs of columns specify the water flow between grids. The first column of each pair specifies the grid that the water flows to (from the current grid, column 1); the second column of each pair specifies the fraction of water that flow to that grid. The fraction (i.e. amount) of water transferred may be estimated based on elevation, the length of connecting surface between grids, presence of walls, etc. Water cannot flow from the current grid to the same grid, so the grid number here must be different to the grid number in column 1. Water can flow to a maximum of 8 other grids. If there is no water flow between grids, or a single grid is run, set to 0. See section on Grid Connections
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
The next 8 pairs of columns specify the water flow between grids. The first column of each pair specifies the grid that the water flows to (from the current grid, column 1); the second column of each pair specifies the fraction of water that flow to that grid. The fraction (i.e. amount) of water transferred may be estimated based on elevation, the length of connecting surface between grids, presence of walls, etc. Water cannot flow from the current grid to the same grid, so the grid number here must be different to the grid number in column 1. Water can flow to a maximum of 8 other grids. If there is no water flow between grids, or a single grid is run, set to 0. See section on Grid Connections
- GridConnection2of8¶
- Description
Number of the 2nd grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection3of8¶
- Description
Number of the 3rd grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection4of8¶
- Description
Number of the 4th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection5of8¶
- Description
Number of the 5th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection6of8¶
- Description
Number of the 6th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection7of8¶
- Description
Number of the 7th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- GridConnection8of8¶
- Description
Number of the 8th grid where water can flow to
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Number of the grid where water can flow to
- gsModel¶
- Description
Formulation choice for conductance calculation.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
- H_Bldgs¶
- Description
Mean building height [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Mean building height [m]
- H_DecTr¶
- Description
Mean height of deciduous trees [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Mean height of deciduous trees [m]
- H_EveTr¶
- Description
Mean height of evergreen trees [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Mean height of evergreen trees [m]
- id¶
- Description
Day of year [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Not used: set to 1 in this version.
MU
Day of year [DOY]
MU
Day of year [DOY]
MU
Day of year [DOY]
- Ie_a1¶
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -1 ]
- Ie_a2¶
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -1 K-1]
- Ie_a3¶
- Description
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d-2 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for automatic irrigation model [mm d -2 ]
- Ie_end¶
- Description
Day when irrigation ends [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Day when irrigation ends [DOY]
- Ie_m1¶
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -1 ]
- Ie_m2¶
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -1 K-1]
- Ie_m3¶
- Description
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d-2 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficient for manual irrigation model [mm d -2 ]
- Ie_start¶
- Description
Day when irrigation starts [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Day when irrigation starts [DOY]
- ih¶
- Description
Hour [H]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Hour [H] Not used: set to 0 in this version.
- imin¶
- Description
Minute [M]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Minute [M] Not used: set to 0 in this version.
MU
Minute [M]
MU
Minute [M]
- InfiltrationRate¶
- Description
Infiltration rate.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Not currently used
- Internal_albedo¶
- Description
Albedo of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Albedo of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Internal_CHbld¶
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal building elements [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal building elements [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_CHroof¶
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal roof [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal roof [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_CHwall¶
- Description
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal wall [W m-2 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Bulk transfer coefficient of internal wall [W m-2 K-1] (for building surfaces only and if
IbldCHmod
== 0 in ESTMinput.nml
- Internal_emissivity¶
- Description
Emissivity of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Emissivity of all internal elements for building surfaces only
- Internal_k1¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k2¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k3¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k4¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_k5¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp1¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp2¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp3¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp4¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_rhoCp5¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Internal_thick1¶
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Internal_thick2¶
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick3¶
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick4¶
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Internal_thick5¶
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- InternalWaterUse¶
- Description
Internal water use [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Internal water use [mm h-1]
- IrrFr_DecTr¶
- Description
Fraction of deciduous trees that are irrigated [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of deciduous trees that are irrigated [-]
- IrrFr_EveTr¶
- Description
Fraction of evergreen trees that are irrigated [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of evergreen trees that are irrigated [-] e.g. 50% of the evergreen trees/shrubs are irrigated
- IrrFr_Grass¶
- Description
Fraction of
Grass
that is irrigated [-]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of grass that is irrigated [-]
- IrrigationCode¶
- Description
Code for modelling irrigation linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for modelling irrigation Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt, which contains the model coefficients for estimation of the water use (used if WU_Choice = 0 in RunControl.nml ). Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt.
- it¶
- Description
Hour [H]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Hour [H]
MU
Hour [H]
- iy¶
- Description
Year [YYYY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Year [YYYY]
MU
Year [YYYY]
- kdiff¶
- Description
Diffuse radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Recommended if SOLWEIGUse = 1
- kdir¶
- Description
Direct radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Recommended if SOLWEIGUse = 1
- kdown¶
- Description
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Must be > 0 W m-2 .
- Kmax¶
- Description
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Maximum incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2]
- lai¶
- Description
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2]
- LAIEq¶
- Description
LAI calculation choice.
Note
North and South hemispheres are treated slightly differently.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Coefficients are specified in the following parameters:
LeafGrowthPower1
,LeafGrowthPower2
,LeafOffPower1
andLeafOffPower2
.Options
0 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
1 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- LAIMax¶
- LAIMin¶
- lat¶
- Description
Latitude [deg].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Use coordinate system WGS84. Positive values are northern hemisphere (negative southern hemisphere). Used in radiation calculations. Note, if the total modelled area is small the latitude and longitude could be the same for each grid but small differences in radiation will not be determined. If you are defining the latitude and longitude differently between grids make certain that you provide enough decimal places.
- ldown¶
- Description
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2]
- LeafGrowthPower1¶
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values
LAIEq
= 1: 0.04 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- LeafGrowthPower2¶
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values
LAIEq
= 1: 0.001 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- LeafOffPower1¶
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values
LAIEq
= 1: -1.5 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- LeafOffPower2¶
- Description
a parameter required by LAI calculation [K-1] in
LAIEq
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values
LAIEq
= 1: 0.0015 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- lng¶
- Description
longitude [deg]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Use coordinate system WGS84. For compatibility with GIS, negative values are to the west, positive values are to the east (e.g. Vancouver = -123.12; Shanghai = 121.47) Note this is a change of sign convention between v2016a and v2017a See latitude for more details.
- LUMPS_Cover¶
- Description
Limit when surface totally covered with water for LUMPS [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Limit when surface totally covered with water [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 1 mm from Loridan et al. (2011) [L2011] .
- LUMPS_DrRate¶
- Description
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Drainage rate of bucket for LUMPS [mm h-1] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 0.25 mm h-1 from Loridan et al. (2011) [L2011] .
- LUMPS_MaxRes¶
- Description
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Maximum water bucket reservoir [mm] Used for LUMPS surface wetness control. Default recommended value of 10 mm from Loridan et al. (2011) [L2011] .
- MaxQFMetab¶
- Description
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
Example values: 175 Sailor and Lu (2004) [SL04]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Maximum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
- MaxFCMetab¶
- Description
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Maximum (day) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- MaxConductance¶
- Description
The maximum conductance of each vegetation or surface type. [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Example values [mm s-1]
- MinQFMetab¶
- Description
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2]
Example values: 75 Sailor and Lu (2004) [SL04]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Minimum value for human heat emission. [W m-2].
- MinFCMetab¶
- Description
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Minimum (night) CO2 from human metabolism. [W m-2]
- NARP_Trans¶
- Description
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Atmospheric transmissivity for NARP [-] Value must in the range 0-1. Default recommended value of 1.
- nroom¶
- Description
Number of rooms per floor for building surfaces only [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Number of rooms per floor for building surfaces only
- OBS_SMCap¶
- Description
The maximum observed soil moisture. [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OBS_SMDepth¶
- Description
The depth of soil moisture measurements. [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OBS_SoilNotRocks¶
- Description
Fraction of soil without rocks. [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Use only if soil moisture is observed and provided in the met forcing file and
SMDMethod
= 1 or 2. Use of observed soil moisture not currently tested
- OHMCode_SummerDry¶
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_SummerWet¶
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in summer. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_WinterDry¶
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during dry conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMCode_WinterWet¶
- Description
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter, linking to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
L
Code for OHM coefficients to use for this surface during wet conditions in winter. Links to SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.
- OHMThresh_SW¶
- Description
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
MD
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
MD
Temperature threshold determining whether summer/winter OHM coefficients are applied [°C] If 5-day running mean air temperature is greater than or equal to this threshold, OHM coefficients for summertime are applied; otherwise coefficients for wintertime are applied.
MD
Not actually used for Snow surface as winter wet conditions always assumed.
- OHMThresh_WD¶
- Description
Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Not actually used for building and paved surfaces (as impervious).
MD
Note that OHM coefficients for wet conditions are applied if the surface is wet.
MD
Not actually used for water surface (as no soil surface beneath).
MD
Not actually used for Snow surface as winter wet conditions always assumed.
- PipeCapacity¶
- Description
Storage capacity of pipes [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Storage capacity of pipes [mm] Runoff amounting to less than the value specified here is assumed to be removed by pipes.
- PopDensDay¶
- Description
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Daytime population density (i.e. workers, tourists) [people ha -1 ] Population density is required if EmissionsMethod = 2 in RunControl.nml . The model will use the average of daytime and night-time population densities, unless only one is provided. If daytime population density is unknown, set to -999.
- PopDensNight¶
- Description
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Night-time population density (i.e. residents) [people ha -1 ] Population density is required if EmissionsMethod = 2 in RunControl.nml . The model will use the average of daytime and night-time population densities, unless only one is provided. If night-time population density is unknown, set to -999.
- PopProfWD¶
- Description
Code for population density profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- PopProfWE¶
- Description
Code for population density profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- PorosityMax¶
- Description
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for
DecTr
(can affect roughness calculation)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
full leaf-on summertime value Used only for DecTr (can affect roughness calculation)
- PorosityMin¶
- Description
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for
DecTr
(can affect roughness calculation)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
leaf-off wintertime value Used only for DecTr (can affect roughness calculation)
- PrecipLimAlb¶
- Description
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow. Then snow albedo is reset to AlbedoMax [mm]
- PrecipLimSnow¶
- Description
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Auer (1974) [Au74]
- pres¶
- Description
Barometric pressure [kPa]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Barometric pressure [kPa]
- qe¶
- Description
Latent heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Latent heat flux [W m-2]
- qf¶
- Description
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2]
- QF_A_WD¶
- Description
Base value for QF on weekdays [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1 ]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.3081 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.1 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- QF_A_WE¶
- Description
Base value for QF on weekends [W m-2 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.3081 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.1 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- QF_B_WD¶
- Description
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0099 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.0099 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- QF_B_WE¶
- Description
Parameter related to cooling degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0099 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.0099 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- QF_C_WD¶
- Description
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekdays [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 2Example values:
0.0102 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.0102 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- QF_C_WE¶
- Description
Parameter related to heating degree days on weekends [W m-2 K-1 (Cap ha-1 )-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Example values:
0.0102 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11]
0.0102 Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- q+_gkg¶
- Description
specific humidity at the top of CBL [g kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
specific humidity at the top of CBL (g kg-1 )
- q_gkg¶
- Description
specific humidiy in CBL [g kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
specific humidiy in CBL (g kg-1 )
- qh¶
- Description
Sensible heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Sensible heat flux [W m-2]
- qn¶
- Description
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Required if
NetRadiationMethod
= 1.
- qs¶
- Description
Storage heat flux [W m-2]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Storage heat flux [W m-2]
- RadMeltFactor¶
- Description
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1]
- rain¶
- Description
Rainfall [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Rainfall [mm]
- RH¶
- Description
Relative Humidity [%]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Relative Humidity [%]
- RunoffToWater¶
- Description
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
MU
Fraction of above-ground runoff flowing to water surface during flooding [-] Value must be in the range 0-1. Fraction of above-ground runoff that can flow to the water surface in the case of flooding.
- S1¶
- Description
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to soil moisture dependence [-] These will change in the future to ensure consistency with soil behaviour
- S2¶
- Description
A parameter related to soil moisture dependence [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Related to soil moisture dependence [mm] These will change in the future to ensure consistency with soil behaviour
- SatHydraulicCond¶
- Description
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1]
- SDDFull¶
- Description
The sensesence degree days (SDD) needed to initiate leaf off. [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
This should be checked carefully for your study area using modelled LAI from the DailyState output file compared to known behaviour in the study area. See section 2.2 Järvi et al. (2011) [J11] ; Appendix A Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014] for more details.
Example values:
- snow¶
- Description
Snowfall [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Required if
SnowUse
= 1
- SnowClearingProfWD¶
- Description
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for snow clearing profile (weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. e.g. 1 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Profiles.txt which has 1 in column 1 (Code).
- SnowClearingProfWE¶
- Description
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for snow clearing profile (weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. e.g. 1 means use the characteristics specified in the row of input file SUEWS_Profiles.txt which has 1 in column 1 (Code). Providing the same code for
SnowClearingProfWD
andSnowClearingProfWE
would link to the same row in SUEWS_Profiles.txt, i.e. the same profile would be used for weekdays and weekends.
- SnowCode¶
- Description
Code for snow surface characteristics linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Snow.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for snow surface characteristics Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Snow.txt, which contains the attributes describing snow surfaces in this grid for this year. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Snow.txt.
- SnowDensMax¶
- Description
Maximum snow density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
- SnowDensMin¶
- Description
Fresh snow density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
- SnowLimPatch¶
- Description
Limit for the snow water equivalent when snow cover starts to be patchy [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Limit of snow water equivalent when the surface is fully covered with snow. Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml .Example values:
190: Paved Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
190: Bldgs Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
190: BSoil Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
O
Limit of snow water equivalent when the surface is fully covered with snow. Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml .Example values:
190: EveTr Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
190: DecTr Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
190: Grass Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- SnowLimRemove¶
- Description
Limit of the snow water equivalent for snow removal from roads and roofs [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Not needed if
SnowUse
= 0 in RunControl.nml . Not available in this version.Example values [mm]
40:
Paved
Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]100:
Bldgs
Järvi et al. (2014) [Leena2014]
- SoilDensity¶
- Description
Soil density [kg m-3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Soil density [kg m-3]
- SoilDepth¶
- Description
Depth of soil beneath the surface [mm]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Depth of sub-surface soil store [mm] i.e. the depth of soil beneath the surface
- SoilStoreCap¶
- Description
Limit value for
SoilDepth
[mm]- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
SoilStoreCap must not be greater than SoilDepth.
- SoilTypeCode¶
- Description
Code for soil characteristics below this surface linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Soil.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for soil characteristics below this surface Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt, which contains the attributes describing sub-surface soil for this surface type. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt.
L
Code for soil characteristics below this surface Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt, which contains the attributes describing sub-surface soil for this surface type. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Soil.txt.
- StartDLS¶
- Description
Start of the day light savings [DOY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Start of the day light savings [DOY] See Day Light Savings (DLS).
- StateLimit¶
- Description
Upper limit to the surface state. [mm]
Currently only used for the water surface. Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). WaterDepth (column 9) must not exceed this value.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Currently only used for the water surface
MD
Currently only used for the water surface
MU
Surface state cannot exceed this value. Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). WaterDepth (column 9) must not exceed this value.
- StorageMax¶
- Description
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces - set the same as
StorageMin
.Example values:
0.48
Paved
0.25
Bldgs
0.8
BSoil
MD
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-off/leaf-on differences for vegetated surfaces) Only used for
DecTr
surfaces - setEveTr
andGrass
values the same asStorageMin
.Example values:
MD
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation - not used for water surfaces so set same as
StorageMin
.
- StorageMin¶
- Description
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). Not currently used for non-vegetated surfaces - set the same as
StorageMax
.Example values:
0.48
Paved
0.25
Bldgs
0.8
BSoil
MD
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-off/leaf-on differences for vegetated surfaces).
Example values:
MD
Minimum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy). Min/max values are to account for seasonal variation - not used for water surfaces.
Example values:
-0.5
Water
- SurfaceArea¶
- Description
Area of the grid [ha].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Area of the grid [ha].
- Surf_k1¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k2¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k3¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the third layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k4¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_k5¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp1¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp2¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp3¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer[J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp4¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_rhoCp5¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Surf_thick1¶
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for roofs (building surfaces) and ground (all other surfaces)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thickness of the first layer [m] for roofs (building surfaces) and ground (all other surfaces)
- Surf_thick2¶
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick3¶
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick4¶
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Surf_thick5¶
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Tair¶
- Description
Air temperature [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Air temperature [°C]
- tau_a¶
- Description
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-]
- tau_f¶
- Description
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-]
- tau_r¶
- Description
Time constant for snow density ageing [-]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Time constant for snow density ageing [-]
- TCritic_Heating_WD¶
- Description
Critical heating temperature on weekdays [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Heating_WE¶
- Description
Critical heating temperature on weekends [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Cooling_WD¶
- Description
Critical cooling temperature on weekdays [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TCritic_Cooling_WE¶
- Description
Critical cooling temperature on weekends [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
O
Use with
EmissionsMethod
= 1
- TempMeltFactor¶
- Description
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm K-1 h-1] (In previous model version, this parameter was 0.12)
- TH¶
- Description
Upper air temperature limit [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Upper air temperature limit [°C]
- Theta+_K¶
- Description
potential temperature at the top of CBL [K]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
potential temperature at the top of CBL (K)
- Theta_K¶
- Description
potential temperature in CBL [K]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
potential temperature in CBL (K)
- Tiair¶
- Description
Indoor air temperature [˚C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Indoor air temperature [˚C]
- Timezone¶
- Description
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s).
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Time zone [h] for site relative to UTC (east is positive). This should be set according to the times given in the meteorological forcing file(s).
- TL¶
- Description
Lower air temperature limit [°C]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Lower air temperature limit [°C]
- ToBldgs¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Bldgs
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
Bldgs
- ToBSoil¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
BSoil
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
BSoil
- ToDecTr¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
DecTr
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
DecTr
- ToEveTr¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
EveTr
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
EveTr
- ToGrass¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Grass
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
Grass
- ToPaved¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Paved
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
Paved
- ToRunoff¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Runoff
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
Runoff
- ToSoilStore¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
SoilStore
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
SoilStore
- ToWater¶
- Description
Fraction of water going to
Water
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Fraction of water going to
Water
- TraffProfWD¶
- Description
Code for traffic activity profile (weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Not used in v2018a.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TraffProfWE¶
- Description
Code for traffic activity profile (weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Not used in v2018a.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficUnits¶
- Description
Units for the traffic rate for the study area. Not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday building energy use [W m-2] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficRate_WD¶
- Description
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekday traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- TrafficRate_WE¶
- Description
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation - not used in v2018a.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Weekend traffic rate [veh km m-2 s-1] Can be used for CO2 flux calculation.
- Troad¶
- Description
Ground surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Ground surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)
- Troof¶
- Description
Roof surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Roof surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1 or 2)
- Tsurf¶
- Description
Bulk surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 0)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Bulk surface temperature [˚C] (used when TsurfCoice = 0)
- Twall¶
- Description
Wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 1)
- Twall_e¶
- Description
East-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
East-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_n¶
- Description
North-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
North-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_s¶
- Description
South-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
South-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- Twall_w¶
- Description
West-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
West-facing wall surface temperature [˚C] (used when
TsurfChoice
= 2)
- U¶
- Description
Wind speed. [m s-1. ]Height of the wind speed measurement (
z
) is needed in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt .- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Height of the wind speed measurement (z) is needed in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
- Wall_k1¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thermal conductivity of the first layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k2¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the second layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k3¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the third layer [W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k4¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fourth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_k5¶
- Description
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thermal conductivity of the fifth layer[W m-1 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp1¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Volumetric heat capacity of the first layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp2¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the second layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp3¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the third layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp4¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fourth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_rhoCp5¶
- Description
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Volumetric heat capacity of the fifth layer [J m-3 K-1]
- Wall_thick1¶
- Description
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Thickness of the first layer [m] for building surfaces only; set to -999 for all other surfaces
- Wall_thick2¶
- Description
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the second layer [m] (if no second layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick3¶
- Description
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the third layer [m] (if no third layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick4¶
- Description
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fourth layer [m] (if no fourth layer, set to -999.)
- Wall_thick5¶
- Description
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Thickness of the fifth layer [m] (if no fifth layer, set to -999.)
- WaterDepth¶
- Description
Water depth [mm].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake, river, etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). This value must not exceed StateLimit (column 8).
- WaterUseProfAutoWD¶
- Description
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified inCode
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfAutoWE¶
- Description
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified inCode
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for water use profile (automatic irrigation, weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfManuWD¶
- Description
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekdays) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- WaterUseProfManuWE¶
- Description
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) linking to
Code
of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code for water use profile (manual irrigation, weekends) Provides the link to column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_Profiles.txt.
- wdir¶
- Description
Wind direction [deg].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Not available in this version.
- WetThreshold¶
- Description
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface [mm].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MD
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
0.6 Paved
0.6 Bldgs
BSoil
MD
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
1.8 EveTr
DecTr
Grass
MD
Depth of water which determines whether evaporation occurs from a partially wet or completely wet surface.
Example values:
0.5 Water
- WithinGridBldgsCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Bldgs
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Bldgs surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridBSoilCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
BSoil
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from BSoil surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridDecTrCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
DecTr
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from DecTr surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridEveTrCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
EveTr
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from EveTr surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridGrassCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Grass
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Grass surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridPavedCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from
Paved
surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Paved surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt . Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- WithinGridWaterCode¶
- Description
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
L
Code that links to the fraction of water that flows from Water surfaces to surfaces in columns 2-10 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt. Value of integer is arbitrary but must match code specified in column 1 of SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt.
- Wuh¶
- Description
External water use [m3]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
External water use [ m3]
- xsmd¶
- Description
Observed soil moisture [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Observed soil moisture [ m3 m-3 or kg kg-1]
- Year¶
- Description
Year [YYYY]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
Year [YYYY] Years must be continuous. If running multiple years, ensure the rows in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are arranged so that all grids for a particular year appear on consecutive lines (rather than grouping all years together for a particular grid).
- z¶
- Description
Measurement height [m].
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
z must be greater than the displacement height. Forcing data should be representative of the local-scale, i.e. above the height of the roughness elements.
- z0¶
- Description
Roughness length for momentum [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Value supplied here is used if
RoughLenMomMethod
= 1 in RunControl.nml ; otherwise set to ‘-999’ and a value will be calculated by the model (RoughLenMomMethod
= 2, 3).
- zd¶
- Description
Zero-plane displacement [m]
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
O
Value supplied here is used if RoughLenMomMethod = 1 in RunControl.nml ; otherwise set to ‘-999’ and a value will be calculated by the model (RoughLenMomMethod = 2, 3).
- zi0¶
- Description
initial convective boundary layer height (m)
- Configuration
Referencing Table
Requirement
Comment
MU
initial convective boundary layer height [m]
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Typical Values¶
Other values to add - please let us know
Generic Properties¶
Property |
General Type |
Value |
Description |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.09 |
Paved Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.15 |
Buildings Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.19 |
Bare Soil, Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.12 |
Paved |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.15 |
Buildings |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo |
Non Vegetated |
0.21 |
Bare Soil |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Non Vegetated |
0.95 |
Paved |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Non Vegetated |
0.91 |
Buildings |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Non Vegetated |
0.93 |
Bare Soil |
Oke (1987) |
Surface Water storage capacity |
Non Vegetated |
0.48 |
Paved |
Davies and Hollis (1981) |
Surface Water storage capacity |
Non Vegetated |
0.25 |
Buildings |
Falk and Niemczynowicz (1978) |
Albedo |
Vegetation |
0.10 |
EveTr |
|
Albedo |
Vegetation |
0.12 |
DecTr |
|
Albedo |
Vegetation |
0.18 |
Grass |
|
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.10 |
EveTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.16 |
DecTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.19 |
Grass Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.10 |
EveTr |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.18 |
DecTr |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo |
Vegetated |
0.21 |
Grass |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
EveTr |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
DecTr |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Vegetated |
0.93 |
Grass |
Oke (1987) |
water Storage Minimum capacity (mm) |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
water Storage Minimum capacity (mm) |
Vegetated |
0.3 |
DecTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
water Storage Minimum capacity (mm) |
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Vegetated |
0.8 |
DecTr |
Grimmond and Oke (1991) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.12 |
DecTr |
|
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.18 |
Grass |
|
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.10 |
EveTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.16 |
DecTr Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.19 |
Grass Helsinki |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.10 |
EveTr |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.18 |
DecTr |
Oke (1987) |
Albedo Max(leaf on) |
Vegetated |
0.21 |
Grass |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
EveTr |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.98 |
DecTr |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity *View factors should be taken into account |
Vegetated |
0.93 |
Grass |
Oke (1987) |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] *Min & max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm]*Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). |
Vegetated |
0.3 |
DecTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] *Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces). |
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] *Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces) |
Vegetated |
1.3 |
EveTr |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] *Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces) |
Vegetated |
0.8 |
DecTr |
Grimmond and Oke (1991) |
Maximum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] *Min and max values are to account for seasonal variation (e.g. leaf-on/leaf-off differences for vegetated surfaces) |
Vegetated |
1.9 |
Grass |
Breuer et al. (2003) |
AlbedoMin |
Water |
0.1 |
Water |
Oke (1987) |
AlbedoMax |
Water |
0.1 |
Water |
Oke (1987) |
Emissivity |
Water |
0.95 |
Water |
Oke (1987) |
Minimum water storage capacity of this surface [mm] |
Water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
Maximum water storage capacity for upper surfaces (i.e. canopy) |
Water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
WetThreshold |
water |
0.5 |
Water |
|
StateLimit *Upper limit to the surface state [mm] *State cannot exceed this value. *Set to a large value (e.g. 20000 mm = 20 m) if the water body is substantial (lake| river| etc) or a small value (e.g. 10 mm) if water bodies are very shallow (e.g. fountains). |
Water |
20000 |
Water |
|
RadMeltFactor |
Snow |
0.0016 |
Hourly radiation melt factor of snow [mm W-1 h-1] |
|
TempMeltFactor |
Snow |
0.12 |
Hourly temperature melt factor of snow [mm °C -1 h-1] |
|
AlbedoMin |
Snow |
0-1 |
Minimum snow albedo [-] - 0.18 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
AlbedoMax *Maximum snow albedo (fresh snow) [-] |
Snow |
0.85 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
Emissivity *Effective surface emissivity. *View factors should be taken into account |
Snow |
0.99 |
Snow |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
tau_a *Time constant for snow albedo aging in cold snow [-] |
Snow |
0.018 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
tau_f *Time constant for snow albedo aging in melting snow [-] |
Snow |
0.11 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
PrecipiLimAlb |
Snow |
2 |
Limit for hourly precipitation when the ground is fully covered with snow. Then snow albedo is reset to AlbedoMax [mm] |
|
snowDensMin |
Snow |
100 |
Fresh snow density [kg m-3] |
|
snowDensMax |
Snow |
400 |
Maximum snow density [kg m-3] |
|
tau_r *Time constant for snow density ageing [-] |
Snow |
0.043 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
CRWMin *Minimum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
Snow |
0.05 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
CRWMax *Maximum water holding capacity of snow [mm] |
Snow |
0.20 |
Järvi et al. (2014) |
|
PrecipLimSnow |
Snow |
2.2 |
Temperature limit when precipitation falls as snow [°C] |
Auer (1974) [Au74] |
SoilDepth |
Snow |
350 |
Depth of sub-surface soil store [mm] *depth of soil beneath the surface |
|
SoilStoreCap |
Soil |
150 |
|
|
SatHydraulicCond |
Soil |
0.0005 |
Hydraulic conductivity for saturated soil [mm s-1] |
|
SoilDensity |
Soil |
1.16 |
Soil density [kg m-3] |
|
InfiltrationRate |
Soil |
Infiltration rate [mm h-1] |
||
OBS_SMDepth |
Soil |
Depth of soil moisture measurements [mm] |
||
OBS_SMCap |
Soil |
Maxiumum observed soil moisture [m3 m-3 or kg kg-1] |
||
OBS_SoilNotRocks |
Soil |
Fraction of soil without rocks [-] |
The above text files (used to be stored as worksheets in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm for versions prior to v2018a) can be edited directly (see Data Entry). Please note this file is subject to possible changes from version to version due to new features, modifications, etc. Please be aware of using the correct copy of this worksheet that are always shipped with the SUEWS public release.
Tip
See SUEWS input converter for conversion of input file between different versions.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Initial Conditions file¶
To start the model, information about the conditions at the start of the
run is required. This information is provided in initial conditions
file. One file can be specified for each grid
(MultipleInitFiles=1
in
RunControl.nml, filename includes grid number) or,
alternatively, a single file can be specified for all grids
(MultipleInitFiles=0 in RunControl.nml, no grid
number in the filename). After that, a new
InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml file will be written for each grid for
the following years. It is recommended that you look at these files
(written to the input directory) to check the status of various surfaces
at the end or the run. This may help you get more realistic starting
values if you are uncertain what they should be. Note this file will be
created for each year for multiyear runs for each grid. If the run
finishes before the end of the year the InitialConditions file is still
written and the file name is appended with ‘_EndofRun’.
A sample file of InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml looks like
&InitialConditions
LeavesOutInitially=0
SoilstorePavedState=150
SoilstoreBldgsState=150
SoilstoreEveTrstate=150
SoilstoreDecTrState=150
SoilstoreGrassState=150
SoilstoreBSoilState=150
BoInit=10
/
The two most important pieces of information in the initial conditions file is the soil moisture and state of vegetation at the start of the run. This is the minimal information required; other information can be provided if known, otherwise SUEWS will make an estimate of initial conditions.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Note
Variables can be in any order
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Soil moisture states¶
- SoilstorePavedState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Paved
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreBldgsState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Bldgs
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreEveTrState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
EveTr
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreDecTrState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
DecTr
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreGrassState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
Grass
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
- SoilstoreBSoilState¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Initial water stored in soil beneath
BSoil
surface [mm]- Configuration
For maximum values, see the used soil code in SUEWS_Soil.txt
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Vegetation parameters¶
- LeavesOutInitially¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Flag for initial leave status [1 or 0]
- Configuration
If the model run starts in winter when trees are bare, set
LeavesOutInitially
= 0 and the vegetation parameters will be set accordingly based on the values set in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm. If the model run starts in summer when leaves are fully out, setLeavesOutInitially
= 1 and the vegetation parameters will be set accordingly based on the values set in SUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsm. Not LeavesOutInitially can only be set to 0, 1 or -999 (fractional values cannot be used to indicate partial leaf-out). The value ofLeavesOutInitially
overrides any values provided for the individual vegetation parameters. To preventLeavesOutInitially
from setting the initial conditions, either omit it from the namelist or set to -999. If values are provided individually, they should be consistent the information provided in SUEWS_Veg.txt and the time of year. If values are provided individually, values for all required surfaces must be provided (i.e. specifying onlyalbGrass0
but notalbDecTr0
noralbEveTr0
is not permitted).
- GDD_1_0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
GDD related initial value
- Configuration
Cannot be negative. If leaves are already full, then this should be the same as
GDDFull
in SUEWS_Veg.txt. If winter, set to 0. It is important that the vegetation characteristics are set correctly (i.e. for the start of the run in summer/winter).
- GDD_2_0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
GDD related initial value
- Configuration
Cannot be positive If the leaves are full but in early/mid summer then set to 0. If late summer or autumn , this should be a negative value. If leaves are off , then use the values of
SDDFull
in SUEWS_Veg.txt to guide your minimum value. It is important that the vegetation characteristics are set correctly (i.e. for the start of the run in summer/winter).
- LAIinitialEveTr¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for evergreen trees
EveTr
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- LAIinitialDecTr¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for deciduous trees
DecTr
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- LAIinitialGrass¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial LAI for irrigated grass
Grass
.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albEveTr0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of evergreen surface
EveTr
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albDecTr0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of deciduous surface
DecTr
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- albGrass0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Albedo of grass surface
Grass
on day 0 of run- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- decidCap0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Storage capacity of deciduous surface
DecTr
on day 0 of run.- Configuration
The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
- porosity0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Porosity of deciduous vegetation on day 0 of run.
- Configuration
This varies between 0.2 (leaf-on) and 0.6 (leaf-off). The recommended values can be found from SUEWS_Veg.txt
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Recent meteorology¶
- DaysSinceRain¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Days since rain [d]
- Configuration
Important to use correct value if starting in summer season If starting when external water use is not occurring it will be reset with the first rain so can just be set to 0. If unknown, SUEWS sets to zero by default. Used to model irrigation.
- Temp_C0¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial air temperature [degC]
- Configuration
If unknown, SUEWS uses the mean temperature for the first day of the run.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Above ground state¶
- PavedState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Paved
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- BldgsState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Bldgs
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- EveTrState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
EveTr
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- DecTrState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
DecTr
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- GrassState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Grass
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- BSoilState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
BSoil
- Configuration
If unknown, model assumes dry surfaces (acceptable as rainfall or irrigation will update these states quickly).
- WaterState¶
- Requirement
Optional
- Description
Initial wetness condition on
Water
- Configuration
For a large water body (e.g. river, sea, lake) set WaterState to a large value, e.g. 20000 mm; for small water bodies (e.g. ponds, fountains) set WaterState to smaller value, e.g. 1000 mm. This value must not exceed StateLimit specified in SUEWS_Water.txt . If unknown, model uses value of WaterDepth specified in SUEWS_Water.txt .
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Meteorological Input File¶
SUEWS is designed to run using commonly measured meteorological variables.
Required inputs must be continuous – i.e. gap fill any missing data.
Temporal information (i.e.,
iy
,id
,it
andimin
should be in local time.The table below gives the must-use (MU) and optional (O) additional input variables.
If an optional input variable is not available or will not be used by the model, enter ‘-999.0’ for this column.
Since v2017a forcing files no longer need to end with two rows containing ‘-9’ in the first column.
One single meteorological file can be used for all grids (MultipleMetFiles=0 in RunControl.nml, no grid number in file name) if appropriate for the study area, or
separate met files can be used for each grid if data are available (MultipleMetFiles=1 in RunControl.nml, filename includes grid number).
The meteorological forcing file names should be appended with the temporal resolution in minutes (SS_YYYY_data_tt.txt, or SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt for multiple grids).
Separate met forcing files should be provided for each year.
Files do not need to start/end at the start/end of the year, but they must contain a whole number of days.
The meteorological input file should match the information given in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If a partial year is used that specific year must be given in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If multiple years are used, all years should be included in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.
If a whole year (e.g. 2011) is intended to be modelled using and hourly resolution dataset, the number of lines in the met data file should be 8760 and begin and end with:
iy id it imin 2011 1 1 0 … … 2012 1 0 0 …
SSss_YYYY_data_tt.txt¶
Main meteorological data file.
No. |
Use |
Column Name |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
|
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
|
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
|
it |
Hour [H] |
4 |
|
imin |
Minute [M] |
5 |
|
qn |
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2] Required if |
6 |
|
qh |
Sensible heat flux [W m-2] |
7 |
|
qe |
Latent heat flux [W m-2] |
8 |
|
qs |
Storage heat flux [W m-2] |
9 |
|
qf |
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2] |
10 |
|
U |
Wind speed [m s-1] Height of the wind speed measurement (z) is needed in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. |
11 |
|
RH |
Relative Humidity [%] |
12 |
|
Tair |
Air temperature [°C] |
13 |
|
pres |
Barometric pressure [kPa] |
14 |
|
rain |
Rainfall [mm] |
15 |
|
kdown |
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] Must be > 0 W m-2. |
16 |
|
snow |
Snow cover fraction (0 – 1) [-] Required if |
17 |
|
ldown |
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2] |
18 |
|
fcld |
Cloud fraction [tenths] |
19 |
|
Wuh |
External water use [m3] |
20 |
|
xsmd |
Observed soil moisture [m3 m-3] or [kg kg-1] |
21 |
|
lai |
Observed leaf area index [m-2 m-2] |
22 |
|
kdiff |
Diffuse radiation [W m-2] Recommended in this version. if |
23 |
|
kdir |
Direct radiation [W m-2] Recommended in this version. if |
24 |
|
wdir |
Wind direction [°] Not available in this version. |
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
CBL input files¶
Main references for this part of the model: Onomura et al. (2015) [Shiho2015] and Cleugh and Grimmond (2001) [CG2001].
If CBL slab model is used (CBLuse = 1
in
RunControl.nml) the following files are needed.
Filename |
Purpose |
---|---|
Gives initial data every morning * when CBL slab model starts running. * filename must match the InitialData_FileName in CBLInput.nml * fixed formats. |
|
Specifies run options, parameters and input file names. * Can be in any order |
CBL_initial_data.txt¶
This file should give initial data every morning when CBL slab model starts running. The file name should match the InitialData_FileName in CBLInput.nml.
Definitions and example file of initial values prepared for Sacramento.
No. |
Column name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
2 |
zi0 |
Initial convective boundary layer height (m) |
3 |
gamt_Km |
Vertical gradient of potential temperature (K m-1) strength of the inversion |
4 |
gamq_gkgm |
Vertical gradient of specific humidity (g kg-1 m-1) |
5 |
Theta+_K |
Potential temperature at the top of CBL (K) |
6 |
q+_gkg |
Specific humidity at the top of CBL (g kg-1) |
7 |
Theta_K |
Potential temperature in CBL (K) |
8 |
q_gkg |
Specific humidiy in CBL (g kg-1) |
gamt_Km and gamq_gkgm written to two significant figures are required for the model performance in appropriate ranges [Shiho2015].
id |
zi0 |
gamt_Km |
gamq_gkgm |
Theta+_K |
q+_gkg |
theta_K |
q_gkg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
234 |
188 |
0.0032 |
0.00082 |
290.4 |
9.6 |
288.7 |
8.3 |
235 |
197 |
0.0089 |
0.089 |
290.2 |
8.4 |
288.3 |
8.7 |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
︙ |
CBLInput.nml¶
sample file of CBLInput.nml looks like
&CBLInput
EntrainmentType=1 ! 1.Tennekes and Driedonks(1981), 2.McNaughton and Springgs(1986), 3.Rayner and Watson(1991),4.Tennekes(1973),
QH_choice=1 ! 1.suews 2.lumps 3.obs
CO2_included=0
cblday(236)=1
cblday(258)=1
cblday(259)=1
cblday(260)=1
cblday(285)=1
cblday(297)=1
wsb=-0.01
InitialData_use=1
InitialDataFileName='CBLinputfiles/CBL_initial_data.txt'
sondeflag=0
FileSonde(234)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0822_0650.txt'
FileSonde(235)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0823_0715.txt'
FileSonde(236)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0824_0647.txt'
FileSonde(238)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0826_0642.txt'
FileSonde(239)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0827_0640.txt'
FileSonde(240)='CBLinputfiles\Sonde_Sc_1991_0828_0640.txt'
/
Note
The file contents can be in any order.
The parameters and their setting instructions are provided through the links below:
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
CBLinput¶
- EntrainmentType¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines entrainment scheme. See Cleugh and Grimmond 2000 [16] for details.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
Tennekes and Driedonks (1981) - Recommended in this version.
2
McNaughton and Springs (1986)
3
Rayner and Watson (1991)
4
Tennekes (1973)
- QH_Choice¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines QH used for CBL model.
- Configuration
Value
Comments
1
QH modelled by SUEWS
2
QH modelled by LUMPS
3
Observed QH values are used from the meteorological input file
- InitialData_use¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Determines initial values (see CBL_initial_data.txt)
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
All initial values are calculated. Not available in this version.
1
Take zi0, gamt_Km and gamq_gkgm from input data file. Theta+_K, q+_gkg, Theta_K and q_gkg are calculated using Temp_C, avrh and Pres_kPa in meteorological input file.
2
Take all initial values from input data file (see CBL_Initial_data.txt).
- Sondeflag¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
to fill
- Configuration
Value
Comments
0
Does not read radiosonde vertical profile data - Recommended in this version.
1
Reads radiosonde vertical profile data
- CBLday(id)¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Set CBLday(id) = 1 If CBL model is set to run for DOY 175–177, CBLday(175) = 1, CBLday(176) = 1, CBLday(177) = 1
- Configuration
to fill
- CO2_included¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Set to zero in current version
- Configuration
to fill
- FileSonde(id)¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
If Sondeflag=1, write the file name including the path from site directory e.g. FileSonde(id)= ‘CBLinputfilesXXX.txt’, XXX is an arbitrary name.
- Configuration
to fill
- InitialDataFileName¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
If InitialData_use ≥ 1, write the file name including the path from site directory e.g. InitialDataFileName=’CBLinputfilesCBL_initial_data.txt’
- Configuration
to fill
- Wsb¶
- Requirement
Required
- Description
Subsidence velocity (m s-1 ) in eq. 1 and 2 of Onomura et al. (2015) [17] . (-0.01 m s-1 Recommended in this version.)
- Configuration
to fill
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
SUEWS input converter¶
SUEWS input converter is a Python 3 script to convert input files between different versions based on pre-defined rules.
How to use¶
Download the converter script and rule.csv below, and specify these arguments in the script:
fromVer
: which version to convert from.toVer
: which version to convert to.fromDir
: where the input files are located.toDir
: where the converted files are produced.
Downloads¶
SUEWS input converter in python
Rules for conversions between different SUEWS versions
Description of rules¶
The converter currently picks up the following types of actions:
Add: New entries or files to be added with default values.
Rename: Entries to be renamed from one version to another.
Delete: Entries to be deleted from one version to another.
Note
For entries introduced in a version via a new file, the new file will be created to hold the new entries without extra delaration for new files.
The current available rules are listed below:
From |
To |
Action |
File |
Variable |
Column |
Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
anthropco2method |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
AnthropHeatMethod |
-999 |
EmissionsMethod |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHMin_WD |
9 |
15 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHMin_WE |
10 |
15 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHSlope_Heating_WD |
11 |
2.7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHSlope_Heating_WE |
12 |
2.7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHSlope_Cooling_WD |
13 |
2.7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHSlope_Cooling_WE |
14 |
2.7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TCritic_Heating_WD |
15 |
7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TCritic_Heating_WE |
16 |
7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TCritic_Cooling_WD |
17 |
7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TCritic_Cooling_WE |
18 |
7 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EnergyUseProfWD |
19 |
44 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EnergyUseProfWE |
20 |
45 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
ActivityProfWD |
21 |
55663 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
ActivityProfWE |
22 |
55664 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TraffProfWD |
23 |
701 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TraffProfWE |
24 |
702 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
PopProfWD |
25 |
801 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
PopProfWE |
26 |
802 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
MinQFMetab |
27 |
75 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
MaxQFMetab |
28 |
175 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
FrFossilFuel_Heat |
29 |
0.05 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
FrFossilFuel_NonHeat |
30 |
0 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EF_umolCO2perJ |
31 |
1.159 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EnEF_v_Jkm |
32 |
3.97E+06 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
FcEF_v_kgkm |
33 |
0.285 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TrafficUnits |
34 |
1 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EnergyUseProfWD |
19 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
EnergyUseProfWE |
20 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
ActivityProfWD |
21 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
ActivityProfWE |
22 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHMin |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
AHSlope |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
TCritic |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_A_Weekday |
-999 |
QF_A_WD |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_B_Weekday |
-999 |
QF_B_WD |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_C_Weekday |
-999 |
QF_C_WD |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_A_Weekend |
-999 |
QF_A_WE |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_B_Weekend |
-999 |
QF_B_WE |
2017a |
2018a |
Rename |
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt |
QF_C_Weekend |
-999 |
QF_C_WE |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
Code |
1 |
31 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
alpha |
2 |
0.004 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
beta |
3 |
8.747 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
theta |
4 |
0.96 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
alpha_enh |
5 |
0.016 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
beta_enh |
6 |
33.353 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
resp_a |
7 |
2.43 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
resp_b |
8 |
0 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt |
min_respi |
9 |
0.6 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
TrafficRate |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
BuildEnergyUse |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
EnergyUseProfWD |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
EnergyUseProfWE |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
ActivityProfWD |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Delete |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
ActivityProfWE |
-999 |
-999 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
TrafficRate_WD |
34 |
0.01 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
TrafficRate_WE |
35 |
0.01 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
QF0_BEU_WD |
36 |
0.88 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
QF0_BEU_WE |
37 |
0.88 |
2017a |
2018a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
BiogenCO2Code |
38 |
31 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Conductance.txt |
gsModel |
13 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
OHMThresh_SW |
19 |
10 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
OHMThresh_WD |
20 |
0.9 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
ESTMCode |
21 |
806 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
AnOHM_Cp |
22 |
20000000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
AnOHM_Kk |
23 |
1.2 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_NonVeg.txt |
AnOHM_Ch |
24 |
4 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
OHMThresh_SW |
20 |
10 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
OHMThresh_WD |
21 |
0.9 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
ESTMCode |
22 |
61 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
AnOHM_Cp |
23 |
100000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
AnOHM_Kk |
24 |
1.2 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Snow.txt |
AnOHM_Ch |
25 |
4 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
WaterDepth |
9 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
OHMThresh_SW |
17 |
10 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
OHMThresh_WD |
18 |
0.9 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
ESTMCode |
19 |
60 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
AnOHM_Cp |
20 |
100000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
AnOHM_Kk |
21 |
1.2 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Water.txt |
AnOHM_Ch |
22 |
4 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
PorosityMin |
20 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
PorosityMax |
21 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
OHMThresh_SW |
32 |
10 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
OHMThresh_WD |
33 |
0.9 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
ESTMCode |
34 |
200 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
AnOHM_Cp |
35 |
100000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
AnOHM_Kk |
36 |
1.2 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_Veg.txt |
AnOHM_Ch |
37 |
4 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Code |
1 |
800 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_thick1 |
2 |
0.1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_k1 |
3 |
0.74 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_rhoCp1 |
4 |
1500000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_thick2 |
5 |
0.1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_k2 |
6 |
0.93 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_rhoCp2 |
7 |
1500000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_thick3 |
8 |
0.05 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_k3 |
9 |
0.06 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_rhoCp3 |
10 |
70000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_thick4 |
11 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_k4 |
12 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_rhoCp4 |
13 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_thick5 |
14 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_k5 |
15 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Surf_rhoCp5 |
16 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_thick1 |
17 |
0.1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_k1 |
18 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_rhoCp1 |
19 |
1600000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_thick2 |
20 |
0.1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_k2 |
21 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_rhoCp2 |
22 |
1600000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_thick3 |
23 |
0.1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_k3 |
24 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_rhoCp3 |
25 |
1600000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_thick4 |
26 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_k4 |
27 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_rhoCp4 |
28 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_thick5 |
29 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_k5 |
30 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Wall_rhoCp5 |
31 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_thick1 |
32 |
0.05 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_k1 |
33 |
0.5 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_rhoCp1 |
34 |
1500000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_thick2 |
35 |
0.05 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_k2 |
36 |
0.5 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_rhoCp2 |
37 |
1500000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_thick3 |
38 |
0.05 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_k3 |
39 |
0.5 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_rhoCp3 |
40 |
1500000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_thick4 |
41 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_k4 |
42 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_rhoCp4 |
43 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_thick5 |
44 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_k5 |
45 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_rhoCp5 |
46 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
nroom |
47 |
10 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_albedo |
48 |
0.5 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_emissivity |
49 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_CHwall |
50 |
0.001 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_CHroof |
51 |
0.001 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt |
Internal_CHbld |
52 |
0.001 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Timezone |
7 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
z |
10 |
999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
TrafficRate |
34 |
99999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
BuildEnergyUse |
35 |
99999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
ActivityProfWD |
54 |
5663 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
ActivityProfWE |
55 |
5664 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
AreaWall |
87 |
7000 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Paved1 |
88 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Paved2 |
89 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Paved3 |
90 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Paved1 |
91 |
806 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Paved2 |
92 |
807 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTM_Paved3 |
93 |
808 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 |
94 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 |
95 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 |
96 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 |
97 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Fr_ESTMClass_Blgds5 |
98 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs1 |
99 |
801 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs2 |
100 |
802 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs3 |
101 |
803 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs4 |
102 |
804 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt |
Code_ESTMClass_Bldgs5 |
103 |
805 |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
AnthropHeatChoice |
-999 |
AnthropHeatMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
CBLuse |
-999 |
CBLUse |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
NetRadiationChoice |
-999 |
NetRadiationMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
RoughLen_heat |
-999 |
RoughLenHeatMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
smd_choice |
-999 |
SMDMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
WU_choice |
-999 |
WaterUseMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
z0_method |
-999 |
RoughLenMomMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
gsChoice |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
SkipHeaderSiteInfo |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
SkipHeaderMet |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
SnowFractionChoice |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
TIMEZONE |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Delete |
RunControl.nml |
z |
-999 |
-999 |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
SOLWEIGuse |
-999 |
SOLWEIGUse |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
QSChoice |
-999 |
StorageHeatMethod |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
AnthropCO2Method |
-999 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
MultipleMetFiles |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
MultipleInitFiles |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
MultipleESTMFiles |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
ResolutionFilesIn |
-999 |
3600 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
ResolutionFilesInESTM |
-999 |
3600 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
ResolutionFilesOut |
-999 |
3600 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
DissagMethod |
-999 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
RainDissagMethod |
-999 |
100 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
SuppressWarnings |
-999 |
1 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
ncMode |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
nRow |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
nCol |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Add |
RunControl.nml |
Diagnose |
-999 |
0 |
2016a |
2017a |
Rename |
RunControl.nml |
WriteSurfsFile |
-999 |
WriteOutOption |
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Output files¶
Runtime diagnostic information¶
Error messages: problems.txt¶
If there are problems running the program serious error messages will be written to problems.txt.
Serious problems will usually cause the program to stop after writing the error message. If this is the case, the last line of problems.txt will contain a non-zero number (the error code).
If the program runs successfully, problems.txt file ends with:
Run completed. 0
SUEWS has a large number of error messages included to try to capture common errors to help the user determine what the problem is. If you encounter an error that does not provide an error message please capture the details so we can hopefully provide better error messages in future.
See Troubleshooting section for help solving problems. If the file paths are not correct the program will return an error when run (see Preparing to run the model).
Warning messages: warnings.txt¶
If the program encounters a more minor issue it will not stop but a warning may be written to warnings.txt. It is advisable to check the warnings to ensure there is not a more serious problem.
The warnings.txt file can be large (over several GBs) given warning messages are written out during a large scale simulation, you can use
tail
/head
to view the ending/starting part without opening the whole file on Unix-like systems (Linux/mac OS), which may slow down your system.To prevent warnings.txt from being written, set
SuppressWarnings
to 1 in RunControl.nml.Warning messages are usually written with a grid number, timestamp and error count. If the problem occurs in the initial stages (i.e. before grid numbers and timestamps are assigned, these are printed as 00000).
Summary of model parameters: SS_FileChoices.txt¶
For each run, the model parameters specified in the input files are written out to the file SS_FileChoices.txt.
Model output files¶
SSss_YYYY_SUEWS_TT.txt¶
SUEWS produces the main output file (SSss_YYYY_SUEWS_tt.txt) with time
resolution (TT min) set by ResolutionFilesOut
in RunControl.nml.
Before these main data files are written out, SUEWS provides a summary of the column names, units and variables included in the file Ss_YYYY_TT_OutputFormat.txt (one file per run).
The variables included in the main output file are determined according
to WriteOutOption
set in RunControl.nml.
Column |
Name |
WriteOutOption |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
0,1,2 |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
0,1,2 |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
0,1,2 |
Hour [H] |
4 |
Min |
0,1,2 |
Minute [M] |
5 |
Dectime |
0,1,2 |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
Kdown |
0,1,2 |
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
7 |
Kup |
0,1,2 |
Outgoing shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
8 |
Ldown |
0,1,2 |
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2] |
9 |
Lup |
0,1,2 |
Outgoing longwave radiation [W m-2] |
10 |
Tsurf |
0,1,2 |
Bulk surface temperature [°C] |
11 |
QN |
0,1,2 |
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2] |
12 |
QF |
0,1,2 |
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2] |
13 |
QS |
0,1,2 |
Storage heat flux [W m-2] |
14 |
QH |
0,1,2 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using SUEWS) [W m-2] |
15 |
QE |
0,1,2 |
Latent heat flux (calculated using SUEWS) [W m-2] |
16 |
QHlumps |
0,1 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using LUMPS) [W m-2] |
17 |
QElumps |
0,1 |
Latent heat flux (calculated using LUMPS) [W m-2] |
18 |
QHresis |
0,1 |
Sensible heat flux (calculated using resistance method) [W m-2] |
19 |
Rain |
0,1,2 |
Rain [mm] |
20 |
Irr |
0,1,2 |
Irrigation [mm] |
21 |
Evap |
0,1,2 |
Evaporation [mm] |
22 |
RO |
0,1,2 |
Runoff [mm] |
23 |
TotCh |
0,1,2 |
Change in surface and soil moisture stores [mm] |
24 |
SurfCh |
0,1,2 |
Change in surface moisture store [mm] |
25 |
State |
0,1,2 |
Surface wetness state [mm] |
26 |
NWtrState |
0,1,2 |
Surface wetness state (for non-water surfaces) [mm] |
27 |
Drainage |
0,1,2 |
Drainage [mm] |
28 |
SMD |
0,1,2 |
Soil moisture deficit [mm] |
29 |
FlowCh |
0,1 |
Additional flow into water body [mm] |
30 |
AddWater |
0,1 |
Additional water flow received from other grids [mm] |
31 |
ROSoil |
0,1 |
Runoff to soil (sub-surface) [mm] |
32 |
ROPipe |
0,1 |
Runoff to pipes [mm] |
33 |
ROImp |
0,1 |
Above ground runoff over impervious surfaces [mm] |
34 |
ROVeg |
0,1 |
Above ground runoff over vegetated surfaces [mm] |
35 |
ROWater |
0,1 |
Runoff for water body [mm] |
36 |
WUInt |
0,1 |
Internal water use [mm] |
37 |
WUEveTr |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of evergreen trees [mm] |
38 |
WUDecTr |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of deciduous trees [mm] |
39 |
WUGrass |
0,1 |
Water use for irrigation of grass [mm] |
40 |
SMDPaved |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for paved surface [mm] |
41 |
SMDBldgs |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for building surface [mm] |
42 |
SMDEveTr |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for evergreen surface [mm] |
43 |
SMDDecTr |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for deciduous surface [mm] |
44 |
SMDGrass |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for grass surface [mm] |
45 |
SMDBSoil |
0,1 |
Soil moisture deficit for bare soil surface [mm] |
46 |
StPaved |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for paved surface [mm] |
47 |
StBldgs |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for building surface [mm] |
48 |
StEveTr |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for evergreen tree surface [mm] |
49 |
StDecTr |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for deciduous tree surface [mm] |
50 |
StGrass |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for grass surface [mm] |
51 |
StBSoil |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for bare soil surface [mm] |
52 |
StWater |
0,1 |
Surface wetness state for water surface [mm] |
53 |
Zenith |
0,1,2 |
Solar zenith angle [°] |
54 |
Azimuth |
0,1,2 |
Solar azimuth angle [°] |
55 |
AlbBulk |
0,1,2 |
Bulk albedo [-] |
56 |
Fcld |
0,1,2 |
Cloud fraction [-] |
57 |
LAI |
0,1,2 |
Leaf area index [m 2 m-2] |
58 |
z0m |
0,1 |
Roughness length for momentum [m] |
59 |
zdm |
0,1 |
Zero-plane displacement height [m] |
60 |
ustar |
0,1,2 |
Friction velocity [m s-1] |
61 |
Lob |
0,1,2 |
Obukhov length [m] |
62 |
RA |
0,1 |
Aerodynamic resistance [s m-1] |
63 |
RS |
0,1 |
Surface resistance [s m-1] |
64 |
Fc |
0,1,2 |
CO2 flux [umol m-2 s-1] |
65 |
FcPhoto |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from photosynthesis [umol m-2 s-1] |
66 |
FcRespi |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from respiration [umol m-2 s-1] |
67 |
FcMetab |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from metabolism [umol m-2 s-1] |
68 |
FcTraff |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from traffic [umol m-2 s-1] |
69 |
FcBuild |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from buildings [umol m-2 s-1] |
70 |
FcPoint |
0,1 |
CO2 flux from point source [umol m-2 s-1] |
71 |
QNSnowFr |
1 |
Net all-wave radiation for snow-free area [W m-2] |
72 |
QNSnow |
1 |
Net all-wave radiation for snow area [W m-2] |
73 |
AlbSnow |
1 |
Snow albedo [-] |
74 |
QM |
1 |
Snow-related heat exchange [W m-2] |
75 |
QMFreeze |
1 |
Internal energy change [W m-2] |
76 |
QMRain |
1 |
Heat released by rain on snow [W m-2] |
77 |
SWE |
1 |
Snow water equivalent [mm] |
78 |
MeltWater |
1 |
Meltwater [mm] |
79 |
MeltWStore |
1 |
Meltwater store [mm] |
80 |
SnowCh |
1 |
Change in snow pack [mm] |
81 |
SnowRPaved |
1 |
Snow removed from paved surface [mm] |
82 |
SnowRBldgs |
1 |
Snow removed from building surface [mm] |
83 |
Ts |
0,1,2 |
Skin temperature [°C] |
84 |
T2 |
0,1,2 |
Air temperature at 2 m agl [°C] |
85 |
Q2 |
0,1,2 |
Air specific humidity at 2 m agl [g kg-1] |
86 |
U10 |
0,1,2 |
Wind speed at 10 m agl [m s-1] |
87 |
RH2 |
0,1,2 |
Relative humidity at 2 m agl [%] |
SSss_DailyState.txt¶
Contains information about the state of the surface and soil and vegetation parameters at a time resolution of one day. One file is written for each grid so it may contain multiple years.
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
Hour of the last timestep of a day [HH] |
4 |
Min |
Minute of the last timestep of a day [MM] |
5 |
HDD1_h |
Heating degree days [°C d] |
6 |
HDD2_c |
Cooling degree days [°C d] |
7 |
HDD3_Tmean |
Average daily air temperature [°C] |
8 |
HDD4_T5d |
5-day running-mean air temperature [°C] |
9 |
P_day |
Daily total precipitation [mm] |
10 |
DaysSR |
Days since rain [days] |
11 |
GDD_EveTr |
Growing degree days for evergreen eree [°C d] |
12 |
GDD_DecTr |
Growing degree days for deciduous tree [°C d] |
13 |
GDD_Grass |
Growing degree days for grass [°C d] |
14 |
SDD_EveTr |
Senescence degree days for evergreen eree [°C d] |
15 |
SDD_DecTr |
Senescence degree days for deciduous tree [°C d] |
16 |
SDD_Grass |
Senescence degree days for grass [°C d] |
17 |
Tmin |
Daily minimum temperature [°C] |
18 |
Tmax |
Daily maximum temperature [°C] |
19 |
DLHrs |
Day length [h] |
20 |
LAI_EveTr |
Leaf area index of evergreen trees [m-2 m-2] |
21 |
LAI_DecTr |
Leaf area index of deciduous trees [m-2 m-2] |
22 |
LAI_Grass |
Leaf area index of grass [m-2 m-2] |
23 |
DecidCap |
Moisture storage capacity of deciduous trees [mm] |
24 |
Porosity |
Porosity of deciduous trees [-] |
25 |
AlbEveTr |
Albedo of evergreen trees [-] |
26 |
AlbDecTr |
Albedo of deciduous trees [-] |
27 |
AlbGrass |
Albedo of grass [-] |
28 |
WU_EveTr1 |
Total water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
29 |
WU_EveTr2 |
Automatic water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
30 |
WU_EveTr3 |
Manual water use for evergreen trees [mm] |
31 |
WU_DecTr1 |
Total water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
32 |
WU_DecTr2 |
Automatic water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
33 |
WU_DecTr3 |
Manual water use for deciduous trees [mm] |
34 |
WU_Grass1 |
Total water use for grass [mm] |
35 |
WU_Grass2 |
Automatic water use for grass [mm] |
36 |
WU_Grass3 |
Manual water use for grass [mm] |
37 |
deltaLAI |
Change in leaf area index (normalised 0-1) [-] |
38 |
LAIlumps |
Leaf area index used in LUMPS (normalised 0-1) [-] |
39 |
AlbSnow |
Snow albedo [-] |
40 |
DensSnow_Paved |
Snow density - paved surface [kg m-3] |
41 |
DensSnow_Bldgs |
Snow density - building surface [kg m-3] |
42 |
DensSnow_EveTr |
Snow density - evergreen surface [kg m-3] |
43 |
DensSnow_DecTr |
Snow density - deciduous surface [kg m-3] |
44 |
DensSnow_Grass |
Snow density - grass surface [kg m-3] |
45 |
DensSnow_BSoil |
Snow density - bare soil surface [kg m-3] |
46 |
DensSnow_Water |
Snow density - water surface [kg m-3] |
47 |
a1 |
OHM cofficient a1 - [-] |
48 |
a2 |
OHM cofficient a2 [W m-2 h-1] |
49 |
a3 |
OHM cofficient a3 - [W m-2] |
InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml¶
At the end of the model run (or the end of each year in the model run) a new InitialConditions file is written out (to the input folder) for each grid, see Initial Conditions file
SSss_YYYY_snow_TT.txt¶
SUEWS produces a separate output file for snow (when snowUse
= 1 in
RunControl.nml) with details for each surface type.
File format of SSss_YYYY_snow_TT.txt
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
SWE_Paved |
Snow water equivalent – paved surface [mm] |
7 |
SWE_Bldgs |
Snow water equivalent – building surface [mm] |
8 |
SWE_EveTr |
Snow water equivalent – evergreen surface [mm] |
9 |
SWE_DecTr |
Snow water equivalent – deciduous surface [mm] |
10 |
SWE_Grass |
Snow water equivalent – grass surface [mm] |
11 |
SWE_BSoil |
Snow water equivalent – bare soil surface [mm] |
12 |
SWE_Water |
Snow water equivalent – water surface [mm] |
13 |
Mw_Paved |
Meltwater – paved surface [mm h-1] |
14 |
Mw_Bldgs |
Meltwater – building surface [mm h-1] |
15 |
Mw_EveTr |
Meltwater – evergreen surface [mm h-1] |
16 |
Mw_DecTr |
Meltwater – deciduous surface [mm h-1] |
17 |
Mw_Grass |
Meltwater – grass surface [mm h-1 1] |
18 |
Mw_BSoil |
Meltwater – bare soil surface [mm h-1] |
19 |
Mw_Water |
Meltwater – water surface [mm h-1] |
20 |
Qm_Paved |
Snowmelt-related heat – paved surface [W m-2] |
21 |
Qm_Bldgs |
Snowmelt-related heat – building surface [W m-2] |
22 |
Qm_EveTr |
Snowmelt-related heat – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
23 |
Qm_DecTr |
Snowmelt-related heat – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
24 |
Qm_Grass |
Snowmelt-related heat – grass surface [W m-2] |
25 |
Qm_BSoil |
Snowmelt-related heat – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
26 |
Qm_Water |
Snowmelt-related heat – water surface [W m-2] |
27 |
Qa_Paved |
Advective heat – paved surface [W m-2] |
28 |
Qa_Bldgs |
Advective heat – building surface [W m-2] |
29 |
Qa_EveTr |
Advective heat – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
30 |
Qa_DecTr |
Advective heat – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
31 |
Qa_Grass |
Advective heat – grass surface [W m-2] |
32 |
Qa_BSoil |
Advective heat – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
33 |
Qa_Water |
Advective heat – water surface [W m-2] |
34 |
QmFr_Paved |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – paved surface [W m-2] |
35 |
QmFr_Bldgs |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – building surface [W m-2] |
36 |
QmFr_EveTr |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
37 |
QmFr_DecTr |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
38 |
QmFr_Grass |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – grass surface [W m-2] |
39 |
QmFr_BSoil |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
40 |
QmFr_Water |
Heat related to freezing of surface store – water [W m-2] |
41 |
fr_Paved |
Fraction of snow – paved surface [-] |
42 |
fr_Bldgs |
Fraction of snow – building surface [-] |
43 |
fr_EveTr |
Fraction of snow – evergreen surface [-] |
44 |
fr_DecTr |
Fraction of snow – deciduous surface [-] |
45 |
fr_Grass |
Fraction of snow – grass surface [-] |
46 |
Fr_BSoil |
Fraction of snow – bare soil surface [-] |
47 |
RainSn_Paved |
Rain on snow – paved surface [mm] |
48 |
RainSn_Bldgs |
Rain on snow – building surface [mm] |
49 |
RainSn_EveTr |
Rain on snow – evergreen surface [mm] |
50 |
RainSn_DecTr |
Rain on snow – deciduous surface [mm] |
51 |
RainSn_Grass |
Rain on snow – grass surface [mm] |
52 |
RainSn_BSoil |
Rain on snow – bare soil surface [mm] |
53 |
RainSn_Water |
Rain on snow – water surface [mm] |
54 |
qn_PavedSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – paved surface [W m-2] |
55 |
qn_BldgsSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – building surface [W m-2] |
56 |
qn_EveTrSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
57 |
qn_DecTrSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
58 |
qn_GrassSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – grass surface [W m-2] |
59 |
qn_BSoilSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
60 |
qn_WaterSnow |
Net all-wave radiation – water surface [W m-2] |
61 |
kup_PavedSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – paved surface [W m-2] |
62 |
kup_BldgsSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – building surface [W m-2] |
63 |
kup_EveTrSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – evergreen surface [W m-2] |
64 |
kup_DecTrSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – deciduous surface [W m-2] |
65 |
kup_GrassSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – grass surface [W m-2] |
66 |
kup_BSoilSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – bare soil surface [W m-2] |
67 |
kup_WaterSnow |
Reflected shortwave radiation – water surface [W m-2] |
68 |
frMelt_Paved |
Amount of freezing melt water – paved surface [mm] |
69 |
frMelt_Bldgs |
Amount of freezing melt water – building surface [mm] |
70 |
frMelt_EveTr |
Amount of freezing melt water – evergreen surface [mm] |
71 |
frMelt_DecTr |
Amount of freezing melt water – deciduous surface [mm] |
72 |
frMelt_Grass |
Amount of freezing melt water – grass surface [mm] |
73 |
frMelt_BSoil |
Amount of freezing melt water – bare soil surface [mm] |
74 |
frMelt_Water |
Amount of freezing melt water – water surface [mm] |
75 |
MwStore_Paved |
Melt water store – paved surface [mm] |
76 |
MwStore_Bldgs |
Melt water store – building surface [mm] |
77 |
MwStore_EveTr |
Melt water store – evergreen surface [mm] |
78 |
MwStore_DecTr |
Melt water store – deciduous surface [mm] |
79 |
MwStore_Grass |
Melt water store – grass surface [mm] |
80 |
MwStore_BSoil |
Melt water store – bare soil surface [mm] |
81 |
MwStore_Water |
Melt water store – water surface [mm] |
82 |
DensSnow_Paved |
Snow density – paved surface [kg m-3] |
83 |
DensSnow_Bldgs |
Snow density – building surface [kg m-3] |
84 |
DensSnow_EveTr |
Snow density – evergreen surface [kg m-3] |
85 |
DensSnow_DecTr |
Snow density – deciduous surface [kg m-3] |
86 |
DensSnow_Grass |
Snow density – grass surface [kg m-3] |
87 |
DensSnow_BSoil |
Snow density – bare soil surface [kg m-3] |
88 |
DensSnow_Water |
Snow density – water surface [kg m-3] |
89 |
Sd_Paved |
Snow depth – paved surface [mm] |
90 |
Sd_Bldgs |
Snow depth – building surface [mm] |
91 |
Sd_EveTr |
Snow depth – evergreen surface [mm] |
92 |
Sd_DecTr |
Snow depth – deciduous surface [mm] |
93 |
Sd_Grass |
Snow depth – grass surface [mm] |
94 |
Sd_BSoil |
Snow depth – bare soil surface [mm] |
95 |
Sd_Water |
Snow depth – water surface [mm] |
96 |
Tsnow_Paved |
Snow surface temperature – paved surface [°C] |
97 |
Tsnow_Bldgs |
Snow surface temperature – building surface [°C] |
98 |
Tsnow_EveTr |
Snow surface temperature – evergreen surface [°C] |
99 |
Tsnow_DecTr |
Snow surface temperature – deciduous surface [°C] |
100 |
Tsnow_Grass |
Snow surface temperature – grass surface [°C] |
101 |
Tsnow_BSoil |
Snow surface temperature – bare soil surface [°C] |
102 |
Tsnow_Water |
Snow surface temperature – water surface [°C] |
SSss_YYYY_RSL_TT.txt¶
SUEWS produces a separate output file for wind, temperature and humidity
profiles in the roughness sublayer at 30 levels:
levels 1 and 30 are positioned at 0.1 and 3.0 Zh
(i.e., canopy height)
with other levels evenly distributed in between.
File format of SSss_YYYY_RSL_TT.txt:
Column |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
Year |
Year [YYYY] |
2 |
DOY |
Day of year [DOY] |
3 |
Hour |
Hour [H] |
4 |
Min |
Minute [M] |
5 |
Dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
6 |
z_1 |
Height at level 1 [m] |
7 |
z_2 |
Height at level 2 [m] |
8 |
z_3 |
Height at level 3 [m] |
9 |
z_4 |
Height at level 4 [m] |
10 |
z_5 |
Height at level 5 [m] |
11 |
z_6 |
Height at level 6 [m] |
12 |
z_7 |
Height at level 7 [m] |
13 |
z_8 |
Height at level 8 [m] |
14 |
z_9 |
Height at level 9 [m] |
15 |
z_10 |
Height at level 10 [m] |
16 |
z_11 |
Height at level 11 [m] |
17 |
z_12 |
Height at level 12 [m] |
18 |
z_13 |
Height at level 13 [m] |
19 |
z_14 |
Height at level 14 [m] |
20 |
z_15 |
Height at level 15 [m] |
21 |
z_16 |
Height at level 16 [m] |
22 |
z_17 |
Height at level 17 [m] |
23 |
z_18 |
Height at level 18 [m] |
24 |
z_19 |
Height at level 19 [m] |
25 |
z_20 |
Height at level 20 [m] |
26 |
z_21 |
Height at level 21 [m] |
27 |
z_22 |
Height at level 22 [m] |
28 |
z_23 |
Height at level 23 [m] |
29 |
z_24 |
Height at level 24 [m] |
30 |
z_25 |
Height at level 25 [m] |
31 |
z_26 |
Height at level 26 [m] |
32 |
z_27 |
Height at level 27 [m] |
33 |
z_28 |
Height at level 28 [m] |
34 |
z_29 |
Height at level 29 [m] |
35 |
z_30 |
Height at level 30 [m] |
36 |
U_1 |
Wind speed at level 1 [m s-1] |
37 |
U_2 |
Wind speed at level 2 [m s-1] |
38 |
U_3 |
Wind speed at level 3 [m s-1] |
39 |
U_4 |
Wind speed at level 4 [m s-1] |
40 |
U_5 |
Wind speed at level 5 [m s-1] |
41 |
U_6 |
Wind speed at level 6 [m s-1] |
42 |
U_7 |
Wind speed at level 7 [m s-1] |
43 |
U_8 |
Wind speed at level 8 [m s-1] |
44 |
U_9 |
Wind speed at level 9 [m s-1] |
45 |
U_10 |
Wind speed at level 10 [m s-1] |
46 |
U_11 |
Wind speed at level 11 [m s-1] |
47 |
U_12 |
Wind speed at level 12 [m s-1] |
48 |
U_13 |
Wind speed at level 13 [m s-1] |
49 |
U_14 |
Wind speed at level 14 [m s-1] |
50 |
U_15 |
Wind speed at level 15 [m s-1] |
51 |
U_16 |
Wind speed at level 16 [m s-1] |
52 |
U_17 |
Wind speed at level 17 [m s-1] |
53 |
U_18 |
Wind speed at level 18 [m s-1] |
54 |
U_19 |
Wind speed at level 19 [m s-1] |
55 |
U_20 |
Wind speed at level 20 [m s-1] |
56 |
U_21 |
Wind speed at level 21 [m s-1] |
57 |
U_22 |
Wind speed at level 22 [m s-1] |
58 |
U_23 |
Wind speed at level 23 [m s-1] |
59 |
U_24 |
Wind speed at level 24 [m s-1] |
60 |
U_25 |
Wind speed at level 25 [m s-1] |
61 |
U_26 |
Wind speed at level 26 [m s-1] |
62 |
U_27 |
Wind speed at level 27 [m s-1] |
63 |
U_28 |
Wind speed at level 28 [m s-1] |
64 |
U_29 |
Wind speed at level 29 [m s-1] |
65 |
U_30 |
Wind speed at level 30 [m s-1] |
66 |
T_1 |
Air temperature at level 1 [°C] |
67 |
T_2 |
Air temperature at level 2 [°C] |
68 |
T_3 |
Air temperature at level 3 [°C] |
69 |
T_4 |
Air temperature at level 4 [°C] |
70 |
T_5 |
Air temperature at level 5 [°C] |
71 |
T_6 |
Air temperature at level 6 [°C] |
72 |
T_7 |
Air temperature at level 7 [°C] |
73 |
T_8 |
Air temperature at level 8 [°C] |
74 |
T_9 |
Air temperature at level 9 [°C] |
75 |
T_10 |
Air temperature at level 10 [°C] |
76 |
T_11 |
Air temperature at level 11 [°C] |
77 |
T_12 |
Air temperature at level 12 [°C] |
78 |
T_13 |
Air temperature at level 13 [°C] |
79 |
T_14 |
Air temperature at level 14 [°C] |
80 |
T_15 |
Air temperature at level 15 [°C] |
81 |
T_16 |
Air temperature at level 16 [°C] |
82 |
T_17 |
Air temperature at level 17 [°C] |
83 |
T_18 |
Air temperature at level 18 [°C] |
84 |
T_19 |
Air temperature at level 19 [°C] |
85 |
T_20 |
Air temperature at level 20 [°C] |
86 |
T_21 |
Air temperature at level 21 [°C] |
87 |
T_22 |
Air temperature at level 22 [°C] |
88 |
T_23 |
Air temperature at level 23 [°C] |
89 |
T_24 |
Air temperature at level 24 [°C] |
90 |
T_25 |
Air temperature at level 25 [°C] |
91 |
T_26 |
Air temperature at level 26 [°C] |
92 |
T_27 |
Air temperature at level 27 [°C] |
93 |
T_28 |
Air temperature at level 28 [°C] |
94 |
T_29 |
Air temperature at level 29 [°C] |
95 |
T_30 |
Air temperature at level 30 [°C] |
96 |
q_1 |
Specific humidity at level 1 [g kg-1] |
97 |
q_2 |
Specific humidity at level 2 [g kg-1] |
98 |
q_3 |
Specific humidity at level 3 [g kg-1] |
99 |
q_4 |
Specific humidity at level 4 [g kg-1] |
100 |
q_5 |
Specific humidity at level 5 [g kg-1] |
101 |
q_6 |
Specific humidity at level 6 [g kg-1] |
102 |
q_7 |
Specific humidity at level 7 [g kg-1] |
103 |
q_8 |
Specific humidity at level 8 [g kg-1] |
104 |
q_9 |
Specific humidity at level 9 [g kg-1] |
105 |
q_10 |
Specific humidity at level 10 [g kg-1] |
106 |
q_11 |
Specific humidity at level 11 [g kg-1] |
107 |
q_12 |
Specific humidity at level 12 [g kg-1] |
108 |
q_13 |
Specific humidity at level 13 [g kg-1] |
109 |
q_14 |
Specific humidity at level 14 [g kg-1] |
110 |
q_15 |
Specific humidity at level 15 [g kg-1] |
111 |
q_16 |
Specific humidity at level 16 [g kg-1] |
112 |
q_17 |
Specific humidity at level 17 [g kg-1] |
113 |
q_18 |
Specific humidity at level 18 [g kg-1] |
114 |
q_19 |
Specific humidity at level 19 [g kg-1] |
115 |
q_20 |
Specific humidity at level 20 [g kg-1] |
116 |
q_21 |
Specific humidity at level 21 [g kg-1] |
117 |
q_22 |
Specific humidity at level 22 [g kg-1] |
118 |
q_23 |
Specific humidity at level 23 [g kg-1] |
119 |
q_24 |
Specific humidity at level 24 [g kg-1] |
120 |
q_25 |
Specific humidity at level 25 [g kg-1] |
121 |
q_26 |
Specific humidity at level 26 [g kg-1] |
122 |
q_27 |
Specific humidity at level 27 [g kg-1] |
123 |
q_28 |
Specific humidity at level 28 [g kg-1] |
124 |
q_29 |
Specific humidity at level 29 [g kg-1] |
125 |
q_30 |
Specific humidity at level 30 [g kg-1] |
SSss_YYYY_BL.txt¶
Meteorological variables modelled by CBL portion of the model are output in to this file created for each day with time step (see section CBL Input).
Column |
Name |
Description |
Units |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year [DoY] |
|
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
|
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time [-] |
|
6 |
zi |
Convectibe boundary layer height |
m |
7 |
Theta |
Potential temperature in the inertial sublayer |
K |
8 |
Q |
Specific humidity in the inertial sublayer |
g kg-1 |
9 |
theta+ |
Potential temperature just above the CBL |
K |
10 |
q+ |
Specific humidity just above the CBL |
g kg-1 |
11 |
Temp_C |
Air temperature |
°C |
12 |
RH |
Relative humidity |
% |
13 |
QH_use |
Sensible heat flux used for calculation |
W m-2 |
14 |
QE_use |
Latent heat flux used for calculation |
W m-2 |
15 |
Press_hPa |
Pressure used for calculation |
hPa |
16 |
avu1 |
Wind speed used for calculation |
m s-1 |
17 |
ustar |
Friction velocity used for calculation |
m s-1 |
18 |
avdens |
Air density used for calculation |
kg m-3 |
19 |
lv_J_kg |
Latent heat of vaporization used for calculation |
J kg-1 |
20 |
avcp |
Specific heat capacity used for calculation |
J kg-1 K-1 |
21 |
gamt |
Vertical gradient of potential temperature |
K m-1 |
22 |
gamq |
Vertical gradient of specific humidity |
kg kg-1 m-1 |
SSss_YYYY_ESTM_TT.txt¶
If the ESTM model option is run, the following output file is created. Note: First time steps of storage output could give NaN values during the initial converging phase.
ESTM output file format
Column |
Name |
Description |
Units |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year |
|
3 |
it |
Hour |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute |
|
5 |
dectime |
Decimal time |
|
6 |
QSnet |
Net storage heat flux (QSwall+QSground+QS) |
W m-2 |
7 |
QSair |
Storage heat flux into air |
W m-2 |
8 |
QSwall |
Storage heat flux into wall |
W m-2 |
9 |
QSroof |
Storage heat flux into roof |
W m-2 |
10 |
QSground |
Storage heat flux into ground |
W m-2 |
11 |
QSibld |
Storage heat flux into internal elements in buildling |
W m-2 |
12 |
Twall1 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall (outer-most) |
K |
13 |
Twall2 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
14 |
Twall3 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
15 |
Twall4 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall |
K |
16 |
Twall5 |
Temperature in the first layer of wall (inner-most) |
K |
17 |
Troof1 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof (outer-most) |
K |
18 |
Troof2 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
19 |
Troof3 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
20 |
Troof4 |
Temperature in the first layer of roof |
K |
21 |
Troof5 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (inner-most) |
K |
22 |
Tground1 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (outer-most) |
K |
23 |
Tground2 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
24 |
Tground3 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
25 |
Tground4 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground |
K |
26 |
Tground5 |
Temperature in the first layer of ground (inner-most) |
K |
27 |
Tibld1 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
28 |
Tibld2 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
29 |
Tibld3 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
30 |
Tibld4 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
31 |
Tibld5 |
Temperature in the first layer of internal elements |
K |
32 |
Tabld |
Air temperature in buildings |
K |
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Troubleshooting¶
How to report an issue of this manual?¶
Please submit your issue via our GitHub page.
How to join your email-list?¶
Please join our email-list here.
How to create a directory?¶
Please search the web using this phrase if you do not know how to create a folder or directory
How to unzip a file¶
Please search the web using this phrase if you do not know how to unzip a file
A text editor¶
A program to edit plain text files. If you search on the web using the phrase ‘text editor’ you will find numerous programs. These include for example, NotePad, EditPad, Text Pad etc
Command prompt¶
From Start select run –type cmd – this will open a window. Change directory to the location of where you stored your files. The following website may be helpful if you do not know what a command prompt is: http://dosprompt.info/
Day of year [DOY]¶
January 1st is day 1, February 1st is day 32. If you search on the web using the phrase ‘day of year calendar’ you will find tables that allow rapid conversions. Remember that after February 28th DOY will be different between leap years and non-leap years.
ESTM output¶
First time steps of storage output could give NaN values during the initial converging phase.
First things to Check if the program seems to have problems¶
Check the problems.txt file.
Check file options – in RunControl.nml.
Look in the output directory for the SS_FileChoices.txt. This allows you to check all options that were used in the run. You may want to compare it with the original version supplied with the model.
Note there can not be missing time steps in the data. If you need help with this you may want to checkout UMEP
A pop-up saying “file path not found”¶
This means the program cannot find the file paths defined in RunControl.nml file. Possible solutions:
Check that you have created the folder that you specified in RunControl.nml.
Check does the output directory exist?
Check that you have a single or double quotes around the FileInputPath, FileOutputPath and FileCode
====“%sat_vap_press.f temp=0.0000 pressure dectime”==== Temperature is zero in the calculation of water vapour pressure parameterization.
You don’t need to worry if the temperature should be (is) 0°C.
If it should not be 0°C this suggests that there is a problem with the data.
%T changed to fit limits¶
[TL =0.1]/ [TL =39.9] You may want to change the coefficients for surface resistance. If you have data from these temperatures, we would happily determine them.
%Iteration loop stopped for too stable conditions.¶
[zL]/[USTAR] This warning indicates that the atmospheric stability gets above 2. In these conditions MO theory is not necessarily valid. The iteration loop to calculate the Obukhov length and friction velocity is stopped so that stability does not get too high values. This is something you do not need to worry as it does not mean wrong input data.
“Reference to undefined variable, array element or function result”¶
Parameter(s) missing from input files.
See also the error messages provided in problems.txt and warnings.txt
Email list¶
SUEWS email list
https://www.lists.reading.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/met-suews
UMEP email list
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Recent publications¶
Note
If you have papers to add to this list please let us and others know via the email list.
- topic
Application and evalution in cold climates. Implications of warming
- citation
Järvi L, S Grimmond, JP McFadden, A Christen, I Strachan, M Taka, L Warsta, M Heimann 2017: Warming effects on the urban hydrology in cold climate regions Scientific Reports 7: 5833
- topic
Downscaling climate (rainfall) data to 1 h
- citation
Kokkonen T, CSB Grimmond, O Räty, HC Ward, A Christen, T Oke, S Kotthaus, L Järvi 2017: Sensitivity of Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS)
- topic
for example applications:
- citation
Ward HC, S Grimmond 2017: Using biophysical modelling to assess the impact of various scenarios on summertime urban climate across Greater London Landscape and Urban Planning 165, 142–161
- topic
evaluation in Singapore and comparison with other urban land surface models
- citation
Demuzere M, S Harshan, L Järvi, M Roth, CSB Grimmond, V Masson, KW Oleson, E Velasco H Wouters 2017: Impact of urban canopy models and external parameters on the modelled urban energy balance QJRMS, 143, Issue 704, Part A, 1581–1596
- topic
Evaluation of SUEWS model
- citation
Ward HC, Kotthaus S, Järvi L and Grimmond CSB (2016) Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate
- topic
Evaluation of radiation in Shanghai
- citation
Ao XY, CSB Grimmond, DW Liu, ZH Han, P Hu, YD Wang, XR Zhen, JG Tan 2016: Radiation fluxes in a business district of Shanghai JAMC, 55, 2451-2468
- topic
Boundary layer modelling
- citation
Onomura S, Grimmond CSB, Lindberg F, Holmer B & Thorsson S (2015) Meteorological forcing data for urban outdoor thermal comfort models from a coupled convective boundary layer and surface energy balance scheme Urban Climate, 11, 1-23
- topic
Snow melt model development
- citation
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H & Strachan IB 2014: Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Tutorials¶
To help users getting started with SUEWS, the community is working on setting up tutorials and instructions for different parts of SUEWS and related tool. The tutorials are available are found in the table below.
Topic |
Application |
---|---|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for one location |
|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for one location |
|
Energy, water and radiation fluxes for a spatial grid |
|
Making use of WUDAPT local climate zones in SUEWS |
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Introduction¶
Introduction¶
In this tutorial you will use a land-surface model, SUEWS to simulate energy exchanges in a city (London is the test case).
SUEWS (Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme) allows the energy and water balance exchanges for urban areas to be modelled (Järvi et al. 2011, 2014, Ward et al. 2016a). The model is applicable at the neighbourhood scale (e.g. 102 to 104 m). The fluxes calculated are applicable to height of about 2-3 times the mean height of the roughness elements; i.e. above the roughness sublayer (RSL). The use of SUEWS within Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP) provides an introduction to the model and the processes simulated, the parameters used and the impact on the resulting fluxes.
Tools such as this, once appropriately assessed for an area, can be used for a broad range of applications. For example, for climate services (e.g. http://www.wmo.int/gfcs/). Running a model can allow analyses, assessments, and long-term projections and scenarios. Most applications require not only meteorological data but also information about the activities that occur in the area of interest (e.g. agriculture, population, road and infrastructure, and socio-economic variables).
Model output may be needed in many formats depending on a users’ needs. Thus, the format must be useful, while ensuring the science included within the model is appropriate. The figure below provides an overview of UMEP, a city based climate service tool (CBCST). Within UMEP there are a number of models which can predict and diagnose a range of meteorological processes. In this activity we are concerned with SUEWS, initially the central components of the model. See manual or published papers for more detailed information of the model.

Overview of the climate service tool UMEP (from Lindberg et al. 2018)¶
SUEWS can be run in a number of different ways:
Within UMEP via the Simple selection. This is useful for becoming familiar with the model (Part 1)
Within UMEP via the Advanced selection. This can be used to exploit the full capabilities of the model (Part 2)
SUEWS standalone (see manual)
Within other larger scale models (e.g. WRF).
SUEWS Simple Objectives¶
This tutorial introduces SUEWS and demonstartes how to run the model within UMEP (Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor). Help with Abbreviations.
Steps¶
An introduction to the model and how it is designed.
Different kinds of input data that are needed to run the model
How to run the model
How to examine the model output
Initial Steps¶
UMEP is a python plugin used in conjunction with QGIS. To install the software and the UMEP plugin see the getting started section in the UMEP manual.
As UMEP is under development, some documentation may be missing and/or there may be instability. Please report any issues or suggestions to our repository.
SUEWS Model Inputs¶
Details of the model inputs and outputs are provided in the SUEWS manual. As this tutorial is concerned with a simple application only the most critical parameters are shown. Other versions allow many other parameters to be modified to more appropriate values if applicable. The table below provides an overview of the parameters that can be modified in the Simple application of SUEWS.
Type |
Definition |
Reference/Comments |
---|---|---|
Building/ Tree Morphology |
||
Mean height of Building/Trees (m) |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
|
Frontal area index |
Area of the front face of a roughness element exposed to the wind relative to the plan area. |
Grimmond and Oke (1999), Fig 2 |
Plan area index |
Area of the roughness elements relative to the total plan area. |
Grimmond and Oke (1999), Fig 2 |
Land cover fraction |
Should sum to 1 |
|
Paved |
Roads, sidewalks, parking lots, impervious surfaces that are not buildings |
|
Buildings |
Buildings |
Same as the plan area index of buildings in the morphology section. |
Evergreen trees |
Trees/shrubs that retain their leaves/needles all year round |
Tree plan area index will be the sum of evergreen and deciduous area. Note: this is the same as the plan area index of vegetation in the morphology section. |
Deciduous trees |
Trees/shrubs that lose their leaves |
Same as above |
Grass |
Grass |
|
Bare soil |
Bare soil – non vegetated but water can infilitrate |
|
Water |
River, ponds, swimming pools, fountains |
|
Initial conditions |
What is the state of the conditions when the model run begins? |
|
Days since rain (days) |
This will influence irrigation behaviour in the model. If there has been rain recently then it will be longer before irrigiation occurs. |
If this is a period or location when no irrigation is permitted/occurring then this is not critical as the model will calculate from this point going forward. |
Daily mean temperature (°C) |
Influences irrigation and anthropogenic heat flux |
|
Soil mositure status (%) |
This will influence both evaporation and runoff processes |
If close to 100% then there is plenty of water for evaporation but also a higher probability of flooding if intense precipitation occurs. |
Other |
||
Year |
What days are weekdays/weekends |
|
Latitude (°) |
Solar related calculations |
|
Longitude (°) |
Solar related calculations |
|
UTC (h) |
Time zone |
Influences solar related calculations |
How to Run SuewsSimple from the UMEP-plugin¶
Open SuewsSimple from UMEP -> Processor -> Urban Energy Balance -> Urban Energy Balance, SUEWS (Simple). The GUI that opens looks quite extensive but it is actually not that complicated to start a basic model run (figure below). Some additional information about the plugin is found in the left window. As you can read, a test dataset from observations for London, UK (Kotthaus and Grimmond 2014, Ward et al. 2016a) is included in within the plugin.

The interface for SUEWS, simple version (click on image to make it larger).¶
To make use of this dataset click on Add settings from test dataset (see near bottom of the box). The land cover fractions and all other settings originate from Kotthaus and Grimmond (2014). They used a source area model to obtain the different input parameters (their Fig. 7 in Kotthaus and Grimmond, 2014).
Before you start the model, change the location of the output data to any location of your choice. Also, make notes on the settings such as Year etc.
Do a model run and explore the results by clicking Run. A command window appears, when SUEWS performs the calculations using the settings from the interface. Once the calculations are done, some of the results are shown in two summary plots.

Model output from SUEWS (simple) using the default settings and data (click on image to make it larger).¶

Model output from SUEWS (simple) using the default settings and data (click on image to make it larger).¶
Model results¶
The graphs in the upper figure are the monthly mean energy (left) and water balance (right). The lower graphs show the radiation fluxes, energy fluxes, and water related outputs throughout the year. This plot includes a lot of data and it might be difficult to examine it in detail.
To zoom into the plot: use the tools in the top left corner, to zoom to a period of interest. For example, the Zoom in to about the last ten days in March (figure below). This was a period with clear relatively weather.

Zoom in on end of March from the daily plot (click on image to make it larger).¶
Saving a Figure¶
Use the disk tool in the upper left corner.
.jpg
.pdf
.tif (Recommended)
.png
Output data Files¶
In the output folder (you selected earlier) you will find (at least) three files:
Kc98_2012_60.txt – provides the 60 min model results for site “KC1” for the year 2012
Kc_FilesChoices.txt – this indicates all options used in the model run see the SUEWS Manual for interpretation of content (this is for when you are doing large number of runs so you know exactly what options were used in each run)
Kc98_DailyState.txt – this provides the daily mean state (see SUEWS manual for detailed explanation). This allows you to see, for example, the daily state of the LAI (leaf area index).
Kc_OutputFormat.txt – provides detailed information about the output files such as extended descriptions for each column including units.
If you open these files in a text editor. To understand the header variables read the SUEWS manual.
Sensitivity to land surface fractions¶

Land cover fractions (click on image to make it larger).¶
The previous results are for a densely build-up area in London, UK. In order to test the sensitivity of SUEWS to some surface properties you can think about changing some of the surface properties in the SUEWS Simple. For example, change the land cover fraction by:
Change the land cover fractions as seen in the figure. Feel free to select other values as long as all the fractions add up to 1.0.
Save the output to a different folder by selecting output folder.
Click Run.
References¶
Grimmond CSB and Oke 1999: Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived, from analysis of surface form. Journal of Applied Climatology 38:9, 1262-1292
Grimmond et al. 2015: Climate Science for Service Partnership: China, Shanghai Meteorological Servce, Shanghai, China, August 2015.
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB & Christen A 2011: The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver J. Hydrol. 411, 219-237
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H &Strachan IB 2014: Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities, , Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711
Kormann R, Meixner FX 2001: An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification. Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 99, 207–224
Kotthaus S and Grimmond CSB 2014: Energy exchange in a dense urban environment – Part II: Impact of spatial heterogeneity of the surface. Urban Climate 10, 281–307
Onomura S, Grimmond CSB, Lindberg F, Holmer B, Thorsson S 2015: Meteorological forcing data for urban outdoor thermal comfort models from a coupled convective boundary layer and surface energy balance scheme. Urban Climate. 11:1-23 (link to paper)
Ward HC, L Järvi, S Onomura, F Lindberg, A Gabey, CSB Grimmond 2016 SUEWS Manual V2016a, http://urban-climate.net/umep/SUEWS Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Ward HC, Kotthaus S, Järvi L and Grimmond CSB 2016b: Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
Ward HC, S Kotthaus, CSB Grimmond, A Bjorkegren, M Wilkinson, WTJ Morrison, JG Evans, JIL Morison, M Iamarino 2015b: Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Env Pollution 198, 186-200
Authors this document: Lindberg and Grimmond (2016)
Definitions and Notation¶
To help you find further information about the acronyms they are classified by T: Type of term: C: computer term, S: science term, G: GIS term.
Definition |
T |
Ref./Comment |
|
---|---|---|---|
DEM |
Digital elevation model |
G |
|
DSM |
Digital surface model |
G |
|
FAI (λF) |
Frontal area index |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
GUI |
Graphical User Interface |
C |
|
LAI |
Leaf Area Index |
S |
|
PAI (λP) |
Plan area index |
S |
|
png |
Portable Network Graphics |
C |
format for saving plots/figures |
QGIS |
G |
www.qgis.org |
|
SUEWS |
Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme |
S |
|
Tif |
Tagged Image File Format |
C |
format for saving plots/figures |
UI |
user interface |
C |
|
UMEP |
Urban Multi-scale Environmental predictor |
C |
|
z0 |
Roughness length for momentum |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
zd |
Zero plane displacement length for momentum |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
Further explanation¶
Morphometric Methods to determine Roughness parameters:¶
For more and overview and details see Grimmond and Oke (1999) and Kent et al. (2017a). This uses the height and spacing of roughness elements (e.g. buildings, trees) to model the roughness parameters. For more details see Kent et al. (2017a), Kent et al. (2017b) and [Kent et al. (2017c)]. UMEP has tools for doing this: Pre-processor -> Urban Morphology
Source Area Model¶
For more details see Kotthaus and Grimmond (2014b) and Kent et al. (2017a). The Kormann and Meixner (2001) model is used to determine the probable area that a turbulent flux measurement was impacted by. This is a function of wind direction, stability, turbulence characteristics (friction velocity, variance of the lateral wind velocity) and roughness parameters.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Advanced¶
Introduction¶
The tutorial Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Introduction should be completed first. This tutorial is designed to work with QGIS 2.18.
Objectives¶
To explore the link between QGIS and SUEWS to include new site-specific information
To examine how it affects the energy fluxes
Overview of steps¶
Initially become familiar with SUEWS advanced which is a plugin that makes it possible for you to set all parameters that can be manipulated in SUEWS as well as execute the model on mutiple grids (Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Spatial).
Derive new surface information
Run the model
How to Run from the UMEP-plugin¶
How to run SUEWS Advanced:
Open the plugin which is located at UMEP -> Processor -> Urban Energy Balance -> Urban Energy Balance, SUEWS/BLUEWS (Advanced). This has most of the general settings (e.g. activate the snow module etc.) which are related to RunControl.nml.
Use the Input folder:
C:/Users/your_user_name/.qgis2/python/plugins/UMEP/suewsmodel/Input
Create or enter an Output directory of your choice.
From the Input folder - confirm the data are in there.
Tick in Obtain temporal… and set Temporal resolution of output (minutes) to 60.
Click Run
Make sure that output files are created.
You can now close the SUEWS/BLUEWS (Advanced)-plugin again.

Interface for SUEWS Advanced version.¶
Sensitivity Test¶
The default dataset included in Suews Simple has parameters calculated from a source area model to obtain the appropriate values for the input parameters. Roughness parameters such as roughness length (z0) and zero plane displacement length (zd) are calculated using morphometric models. Now you will explore the differences in fluxes using the default settings or using input parameters from the geodata included in the test datasets available for this tutorial. Download the zip-file (see below) and extract the files to a suitable location where you both have reading and writing capabilities.
Data for the tutorial can be downloaded here
Geodata |
Name |
Ground and building DSM |
DSM_LondonCity_1m.tif (m asl) |
Vegetation DSM |
CDSM_LondonCity_1m.tif (m agl) |
DEM (digital elevation model) |
DEM_LondonCity_1m.tif (masl) |
Land cover |
LC_londoncity_UMEP_32631 |
They are all projected in UTM 31N (EPSG:32631). The three surface models originate from a LiDAR dataset. The land cover data is a mixture of Ordnance Survey and the LiDAR data.
Open the geodatasets. Go to Layer > Add layer > Add Raster Layer. Locate the files you downloaded before (see above).
A QGIS style file (.qml) is available for the land cover grid. It can found in C:Usersyour_user_name.qgis2pythonpluginsUMEP\ LandCoverReclassifier\. Load it in the Layer > Properties > Style > Style (lower left) Load file.
Click Apply before you close so that the names of the classes also load. You can also get the properties of a layer by right-click on a layer in the Layers-window.
If you have another land cover dataset you can use the LandCoverReclassifier in the UMEP pre-processor to populate with the correct values suitable for the UMEP plugin environment.
Now take a moment and investigate the different geodatasets. What is the sparial (pixel) resolution? How is ground represented in the CDSM?
Generating data from the geodatasets¶
Make certain that you have the geodatafiles open. The file at the top (left hand side (LHS)) of the list is the one that is shown in the centre (figure below). You can swap their order using the LHS box.
Open SUEWS Simple.
Begin by adding the test dataset again.
Update the building morphology parameters (top left panel in Suews Simple).
To generate new values, click on Open tool.
This is another plugin within UMEP that can be used to generate morphometric parameters
QGIS where Suews Simple and Image Morphometric Parameters (Point) is opened.¶
First, clear the map canvas from your two other plugin windows, e.g. as figure above.
If you use the default test data in SUEWS Simple - you can overwrite is as you go.
Locate the eddy covariance tower position on the Strand building, King’s College London. To find the position, consult Figure 1 (KSS) in Kotthaus and Grimmond (2014).
Use Select point on canvas and put a point at that location (left).
Generate a study area. Use 500 m search distance, 5 degree interval and click Generate study area.
A circular area will be considered. Enter the DSM and DEM files (i.e. the files you currently have in the viewer)
Click Run.
Figure 3. Settings for Image Morphometric Parameters for buildings.¶
In the folder you specified two additional files will be present (i) isotropic - averages of the morphometric parameters (ii) anisotropic - values for each wind sector you specified (5 degrees).
Close this plugin
Click on Fetch file from… in the building morphology panel
Choose the isotropic file (just generated).
Do the same for vegetation (upper left panel, right). See figure below.
Instead of locating the point again you can use the existing point.
You still need to generate a separate study area for the vegetation calculation.
Examine the CDSM (vegetation file) in your map canvas. As you can see, this data has no ground heights (ground = 0). Therefore, this time Tick in the box Raster DSM (only buildings) exist.
Enter the CDSM as your Raster DSM (only buildings).
Settings for Image Morphometric Parameters for vegetation¶
A warning appears that your vegetation fractions between the morphology dataset and land cover dataset are large. You can ignore this for now since the land cover dataset also will change.
Repeat the same procedure for land cover as you did for buildings and vegetation but instead using the Land Cover Fraction (Point) plugin.
Enter the meteorological file, Year etc. This should be the same as for the first run you made.
Now you are ready to run the model. Click Run.
If you get an error window (figure below). This error is generate by SUEWS as the sum of the land cover fractions is not 1. If you calculate carefully, one part of a thousand is missing (this is probably a rounding error during data extraction). To fix this issue: add 0.001 to e.g. bare soil. Now run again.

Possible error window from running SUEWS with new settings.¶

The settings for running with geodata derived parameters (old version of GUI).¶
You are now familiar with the Suews Simple plugin. Your next task is to choose another location within the geodataset domain, generate data and run the model. If you choose an area where the fraction of buildings and paved surfaces are low, consider lowering the population density to get more realistic model outputs. Compare the results for the different area.
References¶
Grimmond CSB and Oke 1999: Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived, from analysis of surface form. Journal of Applied Climatology 38:9, 1262-1292
Grimmond et al. 2015: Climate Science for Service Partnership: China, Shanghai Meteorological Servce, Shanghai, China, August 2015.
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB & Christen A 2011: The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver J. Hydrol. 411, 219-237
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H &Strachan IB 2014: Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities, , Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711
Kormann R, Meixner FX 2001: An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification. Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 99, 207-224
Kotthaus S and Grimmond CSB 2014: Energy exchange in a dense urban environment - Part II: Impact of spatial heterogeneity of the surface. Urban Climate 10, 281–307
Onomura S, Grimmond CSB, Lindberg F, Holmer B, Thorsson S 2015: Meteorological forcing data for urban outdoor thermal comfort models from a coupled convective boundary layer and surface energy balance scheme. Urban Climate. 11:1-23 (link to paper)
Ward HC, L Järvi, S Onomura, F Lindberg, A Gabey, CSB Grimmond 2016 SUEWS Manual V2016a, http://urban-climate.net/umep/SUEWS Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Ward HC, Kotthaus S, Järvi L and Grimmond CSB 2016b: Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
Ward HC, S Kotthaus, CSB Grimmond, A Bjorkegren, M Wilkinson, WTJ Morrison, JG Evans, JIL Morison, M Iamarino 2015b: Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Env Pollution 198, 186-200
Authors of this document: Lindberg and Grimmond (2016)
Definitions and Notation¶
To help you find further information about the acronyms they are classified by T: Type of term: C: computer term, S: science term, G: GIS term.
Definition |
T |
Reference/Comme nt |
|
---|---|---|---|
DEM |
Digital elevation model |
G |
|
DSM |
Digital surface model |
G |
|
FAI (λF) |
Frontal area index |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999), their figure 2 |
GUI |
Graphical User Interface |
C |
|
LAI |
Leaf Area Index |
S |
|
PAI (λP) |
Plan area index |
S |
|
png |
Portable Network Graphics |
C |
format for saving plots/figures |
QGIS |
G |
www.qgis.org |
|
SUEWS |
Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme |
S |
|
Tif |
Tagged Image File Format |
C |
format for saving plots/figures |
UI |
user interface |
C |
|
UMEP |
Urban Multi-scale Environmental predictor |
C |
|
z0 |
Roughness length for momentum |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
zd |
Zero plane displacement length for momentum |
S |
Grimmond and Oke (1999) |
Further explanation¶
Morphometric Methods to determine Roughness parameters:¶
For more and overview and details see Grimmond and Oke (1999). This uses the height and spacing of roughness elements (e.g. buildings, trees) to model the roughness parameters. UMEP has tools for doing this: Pre-processor -> Urban Morphology
Source Area Model¶
For more details see Kotthaus and Grimmond (2014b). The Kormann and Meixner (2001) model is used to determine the probable area that a turbulent flux measurement was impacted by. This is a function of wind direction, stability, turbulence characteristics (friction velocity, variance of the lateral wind velocity) and roughness parameters.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Spatial¶
Introduction¶
In this tutorial you will generate input data for the SUEWS model and simulate spatial (and temporal) variations of energy exchanges within a small area on Manhattan (New York City) with regards to a heat wave event.
Tools such as this, once appropriately assessed for an area, can be used for a broad range of applications. For example, for climate services (e.g. http://www.wmo.int/gfcs/ , Baklanov et al. 2018). Running a model can allow analyses, assessments, and long-term projections and scenarios. Most applications require not only meteorological data but also information about the activities that occur in the area of interest (e.g. agriculture, population, road and infrastructure, and socio-economic variables).
This tutorial makes use of local high resolution detailed spatial data. If this kind of data are unavailable, other datasets such as local climate zones (LCZ) from the WUDAPT database could be used. The tutorial Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS and WUDAPT is available if you want to know more about using LCZs in SUEWS. However, it is strongly recommended to go through this tutorial before moving on to the WUDAPT/SUEWS tutorial.
Model output may be needed in many formats depending on a users’ needs. Thus, the format must be useful, while ensuring the science included within the model is appropriate. Fig. 9.13 shows the overall structure of UMEP, a city based climate service tool (CBCST) used in this tutorial. Within UMEP there are a number of models which can predict and diagnose a range of meteorological processes.

Overview of the climate service tool UMEP (from Lindberg et al. 2018)¶
Note
This tutorial is currently designed to work with QGIS 2.18. It is recommended that you have a look at the tutorials Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Introduction and Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Advanced before you go through this tutorial.
Objectives¶
To perform and analyse energy exchanges within a small area on Manhattan, NYC.
Steps to be preformed¶
Pre-process the data and create input datasets for the SUEWS model
Run the model
Analyse the results
Perform simple mitigation measures to see how it affects the model results (optional)
Initial Steps¶
UMEP is a Python plugin used in conjunction with QGIS. To install the software and the UMEP plugin see the getting started section in the UMEP manual.
As UMEP is under development, some documentation may be missing and/or there may be instability. Please report any issues or suggestions to our repository.
Loading and analyzing the spatial data¶
All the geodata used in this tutorial are from open access sources, primarily from the New York City. Information about the data are found in the table below.
Note
You can download the all the data from here. Unzip and place in a folder that you have read and write access to.
Geodata |
Year |
Source |
Description |
Digital surface model (DSM) |
2013 (Lidar), 2016 (building polygons) |
United States Geological Survey (USGS). New York CMGP Sandy 0.7m NPS Lidar and NYC Open Data Portal. link |
A raster grid including both buildings and ground given in meter above sea level. |
Digital elevation model (DEM) |
2013 |
United States Geological Survey (USGS). New York CMGP Sandy 0.7m NPS Lidar. link |
A raster grid including only ground heights given in meter above sea level. |
Digital canopy model (CDSM) |
2013 (August) |
United States Geological Survey (USGS). New York CMGP Sandy 0.7m NPS Lidar. link |
A vegetation raster grid where vegetation heights is given in meter above ground level. Vegetation lower than 2.5 meter pixels with no vegetation should be zero. |
Land cover (UMEP formatted) |
2010 |
New York City Landcover 2010 (3ft version). University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Laboratory and New York City Urban Field Station. link |
A raster grid including: 1. Paved surfaces, 2. Building surfaces, 3. Evergreen trees and shrubs, 4. Deciduous trees and shrubs, 5. Grass surfaces, 6. Bare soil, 7. Open water |
Population density (residential) |
2010 |
2010 NYC Population by Census Tracts, Department of City Planning (DCP). link) |
People per census tract converted to pp/ha. Converted from vector to raster. |
Land use |
2018 |
NYC Department of City Planning, Technical Review Division. link |
Used to redistribute population during daytime (see text). Converted from vector to raster |
Start by loading all the raster datasets into an empty QGIS project.
The order in the Layers Panel determines what layer is visible. You can choose to show a layer (or not) with the tick box. You can modify layers by right-clicking on a layer in the Layers Panel and choose Properties. Note for example that that CDSM (vegetation) is given as height above ground (meter) and that all non-vegetated pixels are set to zero. This makes it hard to get an overview of all 3D objects (buildings and trees). QGIS default styling for a raster is using the 98 percentile of the values. Therefore, not all the range of the data is shown in the layer window to the left.
Right-click on your CDSM layer and go to Properties > Style and choose Singleband pseudocolor with a min value of 0 and max of 35. Choose a colour scheme of your liking.
Go to Transparency and add an additional no data value of 0. Click ok.
Now put your CDSM layer at the top and your DSM layer second in your Layers Panel. Now you can see both buildings and vegetation 3D object in your map canvas.

DSM and CDSM visible at the same time (click for larger image)¶
The land cover grid comes with a specific QGIS style file.
Right-click on the land cover layer (landcover_2010_nyc) and choose Properties. Down to the left you see a Style-button. Choose Load Style and open landcoverstyle.qml and click OK.
Make only your land cover class layer visible to examine the spatial variability of the different land cover classes.
The land cover grid has already been classified into the seven different classes used in most UMEP applications (see Land Cover Reclassifier). If you have a land cover dataset that is not UMEP formatted you can use the Land Cover Reclassifier found at UMEP > Pre-processor > Urban Land Cover > Land Cover Reclassifier in the menubar to reclassify your data.
Furthermore, a polygon grid (500 m x 500 m) to define the study area and individual grids is included (Grid_500m.shp). Such a grid can be produced directly in QGIS (e.g. Vector > Research Tools > Vector Grid) or an external grid can be used.
Load the vector layer Grid_500m.shp into your QGIS project.
In the Style tab in layer Properties, choose a Simple fill with a No Brush fill style to be able to see the spatial data within each grid.
Also, add the label IDs for the grid to the map canvas in Properties > Labels to make it easier to identify the different grid squares later on in this tutorial.
As you can see the grid does not cover the whole extent of the raster grids. This is to reduce computation time during the tutorial. One grid cell takes ~20 s to model with SUEWS with meteorological forcing data for a full year.
Meteorological forcing data¶
Meteorological forcing data are mandatory for most of the models within UMEP. The UMEP specific format is given in Table 9.2. Some of the variables are optional and if not available or needed should be set to -999. The columns can not be empty. The needed data for this tutorial are discussed below.
No. |
Header |
Description |
Accepted range |
Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
iy |
Year [YYYY] |
Not applicable |
|
2 |
id |
Day of year [DOY] |
1 to 365 (366 if leap year) |
|
3 |
it |
Hour [H] |
0 to 23 |
|
4 |
imin |
Minute [M] |
0 to 59 |
|
5 |
qn |
Net all-wave radiation [W m-2] |
-200 to 800 |
|
6 |
qh |
Sensible heat flux [W m-2] |
-200 to 750 |
|
7 |
qe |
Latent heat flux [W m-2] |
-100 to 650 |
|
8 |
qs |
Storage heat flux [W m-2] |
-200 to 650 |
|
9 |
qf |
Anthropogenic heat flux [W m-2] |
0 to 1500 |
|
10 |
U |
Wind speed [m s-1] |
0.001 to 60 |
|
11 |
RH |
Relative Humidity [%] |
5 to 100 |
|
12 |
Tair |
Air temperature [°C] |
-30 to 55 |
|
13 |
pres |
Surface barometric pressure [kPa] |
90 to 107 |
|
14 |
rain |
Rainfall [mm] |
0 to 30 |
(per 5 min) this should be scaled based on time step used |
15 |
kdown |
Incoming shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
0 to 1200 |
|
16 |
snow |
Snow [mm] |
0 to 300 |
(per 5 min) this should be scaled based on time step used |
17 |
ldown |
Incoming longwave radiation [W m-2] |
100 to 600 |
|
18 |
fcld |
Cloud fraction [tenths] |
0 to 1 |
|
19 |
wuh |
External water use [m3] |
0 to 10 |
(per 5 min) scale based on time step being used |
20 |
xsmd |
(Observed) soil moisture |
0.01 to 0.5 |
[m3 m-3 or kg kg-1] |
21 |
lai |
(Observed) leaf area index [m2 m-2] |
0 to 15 |
|
22 |
kdiff |
Diffuse shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
0 to 600 |
|
23 |
kdir |
Direct shortwave radiation [W m-2] |
0 to 1200 |
Should be perpendicular to the Sun beam. One way to check this is to compare direct and global radiation and see if kdir is higher than global radiation during clear weather. Then kdir is measured perpendicular to the solar beam. |
24 |
wdir |
Wind direction [°] |
0 to 360 |
The meteorological dataset used in this tutorial (MeteorologicalData_NYC_2010.txt) is from NOAA (most of the meteorological variables) and NREL (solar radiation data). It consists of tab-separated hourly air temperature, relative humidity, incoming shortwave radiation, pressure, precipitation and wind speed for 2010. There are other possibilities within UMEP to acquire meteorological forcing data. The pre-processor plugin WATCH can be used to download the variables needed from the global WATCH forcing datasets (Weedon et al. 2011, 2014).
Open the meteorological dataset (MeteorologicalData_NYC_2010.txt) in a text editor of your choice. As you can see it does not include all the variables shown in Table 9.2. However, these variables are the mandatory ones that are required to run SUEWS. In order to format (and make a quality check) the data provided into UMEP standard, you will use the MetPreProcessor.
Open MetDataPreprocessor (UMEP> Pre-Processor -> Meteorological Data > Prepare existing data).
Load MeteorologicalData_NYC_2010.txt and make the settings as shown below. Name your new dataset NYC_metdata_UMEPformatted.txt.

The settings for formatting met data into UMEP format (click for a larger image)¶
Close the Metdata preprocessor and open your newly fomatted datset in a text editor of your choice. Now you see that the forcing data is structured into the UMEP pre-defined format.
Close your text file and move on to the next section of this tutorial.
Preparing input data for the SUEWS model¶
A key capability of UMEP is to facilitate preparation of input data for the various models. SUEWS requires input information to model the urban energy balance. The plugin SUEWS Prepare is for this purpose. This tutorial makes use of high resolution data but WUDAPT datasets in-conjuction with the LCZ Converter can be used (UMEP > Pre-Processor > Spatial data > LCZ Converter).
Open SUEWS Prepare (UMEP > Pre-Processor > SUEWS prepare).

The dialog for the SUEWS Prepare plugin (click for a larger image).¶
Here you can see the various settings that can be modified. You will focus on the Main Settings tab where the mandatory settings are chosen. The other tabs include the settings for e.g. different land cover classes, human activities etc.
There are 10 frames included in the Main Settings tab where 8 need to be filled in for this tutorial:
Polygon grid
Building morphology
Tree morphology
Land cover fractions
Meteorological data
Population density
Daylight savings and UTC
Initial conditions
The two optional frames (Land use fractions and Wall area) should be used if the ESTM model is used to estimate the storage energy term (Delta QS). In this tutorial we use the OHM modelling scheme so these two tabs can be ignored for now.
Close SUEWS Prepare
Building morphology¶
First you will calculate roughness parameters based on the building geometry within your grids.
Open UMEP > Pre-Processor > Urban Morphology > Morphometric Calculator (Grid).
Use the settings as in the figure below and press Run.
When calculation ids done, close the plugin.
Note
For mac users, use this workaround: manually create a directory, go into the folder above and type the folder name. It will give a warning “—folder name–” already exists. Do you want to replace it? Click replace.

The settings for calculating building morphology.¶
This operation should have produced 17 different text files; 16 (anisotrophic) that include morphometric parameters from each 5 degree section for each grid and one file (isotropic) that includes averaged values for each of the 16 grids. You can open build_IMPGrid_isotropic.txt and compare the different values for a park grid (3054) and an urban grid (3242). Header abbreviations are explained here.
Tree morphology¶
Now you will calculate roughness parameters based on the vegetation (trees and bushes) within your grids. As you noticed there is only one surface dataset for vegetation present (CDSM_nyc) and if you examine your land cover grid (landcover_2010_nyc) you can see that there is only one class of high vegetation (Deciduous trees) present with our model domain. Therefore, you will not separate between evergreen and deciduous vegetation in this tutorial. As shown in Table 9.1, the tree surface model represents height above ground.
Again, Open UMEP > Pre-Processor > Urban Morphology > Morphometric Calculator (Grid).
Use the settings as in the figure below and press Run.
When calculation is done, close the plugin.

The settings for calculating vegetation morphology.¶
Land cover fractions¶
Moving on to land cover fraction calculations for each grid.
Open UMEP > Pre-Processor > Urban Land Cover > Land Cover Fraction (Grid).
Use the settings as in the figure below and press Run.
When calculation is done, close the plugin.

The settings for calculating land cover fractions¶
Population density¶
Population density will be used to estimate the anthropogenic heat release (QF) in SUEWS. There is a possibility to use both night-time and daytime population densities to make the model more dynamic. You have two different raster grids for night-time (pop_nighttime_perha) and daytime (pop_daytime_perha), respectively. This time you will make use of QGIS built-in function to to acquire the population density for each grid.
Go to Plugins > Manage and Install Plugins and make sure that the Zonal statistics plugin is ticked. This is a build-in plugin which comes with the QGIS installation.
Close the Plugin manager and open Raster > Zonal Statistics > Zonal Statistics.
Choose your pop_daytime_perha layer as Raster layer and your Grid_500m and polygon layer. Use a Output column prefix of PPday and chose only to calculate Mean. Click OK.
Run the tool again but this time use the night-time dataset.
SUEWS Prepare¶
Now you are ready to organise all the input data into the SUEWS input format.
Open SUEWS Prepare
In the Polygon grid frame, choose your polygon grid (Grid_500m) and choose id as your ID field
In the Building morphology frame, fetch the file called build_IMPGrid_isotropic.txt.
In the Land cover fractions frame, fetch the file called lc_LCFG_isotropic.txt.
In the Tree morphology frame, fetch the file called veg_IMPGrid_isotropic.txt.
In the Meteorological data frame, fetch your UMEP formatted met forcing data text file.
In the Population density frame, choose the appropriate attributes created in the previous section for daytime and night-time population density.
In the Daylight savings and UTC frame, set start and end of the daylight saving to 87 and 304, respectively and choose -5 (i.e. the time zone).
In the Initial conditions frame, choose Winter (0%) in the Leaf Cycle, 100% Soil moisture state and nyc as a File code.
In the Anthropogenic tab, change the code to 771. This will make use of settings adjusted for NYC according to Sailor et al. 2015.
Choose an empty directory as your Output folder in the main tab.
Press Generate
When processing is finished, close SUEWS Prepare.
Running the SUEWS model in UMEP¶
To perform modelling energy fluxes for multiple grids, Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Advanced can be used.
Open UMEP > Processor > Urban Energy Balance > SUEWS/BLUEWS, Advanced. Here you can change some of the run control settings in SUEWS. SUEWS can also be executed outside of UMEP and QGIS (see SUEWS Manual. This is recommended when modelling long time series (multiple years) of large model domains (many grid points).
Change the OHM option to [1]. This allows the anthropogenic energy to be partitioned also into the storage energy term.
Leave the rest of the combobox settings at the top as default and tick both the Use snow module and the Obtain temporal resolution… box.
Set the Temporal resolution of output (minutes) to 60.
Locate the directory where you saved your output from SUEWSPrepare earlier and choose an output folder of your choice.
Also, Tick the box Apply spin-up using…. This will force the model to run twice using the conditions from the first run as initial conditions for the second run.
Click Run. This computation will take a while so be patient.
Analysing model reults¶
UMEP has a tool for basic analysis of any modelling performed with the SUEWS model. The SUEWSAnalyser tool is available from the post-processing section in UMEP.
Open UMEP > Post-Processor > Urban Energy Balance > SUEWS Analyzer. There are two main sections in this tool. The Plot data-section can be used to make temporal analysis as well as making simple comparisins between two grids or variables. This Spatial data-section can be used to make aggregated maps of the output variables from the SUEWS model. This requires that you have loaded the same polygon grid into your QGIS project that was used when you prepared the input data for SUEWS using SUEWS Prepare earlier in this tutorial.

The dialog for the SUEWS Analyzer tool.¶
To access the output data from the a model run, the RunControl.nml file for that particular run must be located. If your run has been made through UMEP, this file can be found in your output folder. Otherwise, this file can be located in the same folder from where the model was executed.
In the top panel of SUEWS Analyzer, load the RunControl.nml located in the output folder.
You will start by plotting basic data for grid 3242 which is one of the most dense urban area in the World.
In the left panel, choose grid 3242 and year 2010. Tick plot basic data and click Plot. This will display some of the most essential variables such as radiation balance and budget etc. You can use the tools such as the zoom to examine a shorter time period more in detail.

Basic plot for grid 3242. Click on image for enlargement.¶
Notice e.g. the high QF values during winter as well as the low QE values throughout the year.
Close the plot and make the same kind of plot for grid 3054 which is a grid mainly within Central Park. Consider the differences between the plot generated for grid 3242. Close the plot when you are done.
In the left panel, there is also possibilities to examine two different variables in time, either from the same grid or between two different grid points. There is also possible to examine different parameters through scatterplots.
The right panel in SUEWS Analyzer can be used to perform basic spatial analysis on your model results by producing aggragated maps etc. using different variables and time spans. Sensible heat (QH) is one variable to visualise warm areas as it is a variable that show the amount of the available energy that will be partitioned into heat.
Make the settings as shown in the figure below but change the location where you will save your data on your own system.

The dialog for the SUEWS Analyzer tool to produce a mean QH for each grid. Click on image for enlargement.¶
Note that the warmest areas are located in the most dense urban environments and the coolest are found where either vegetation and/or water bodies are present. During 2010 there was a 3-day heat-wave event in the region around NYC that lasted from 5 to 8 July 2010 (Day of Year: 186-189).
Make a similar average map but this time of 2m air temperature and choose only the heat wave period. Save it as a separate geoTiff.
The influence of mitigation measures on the urban energy balance (optional)¶
There are different ways of manipulating the data using UMEP as well directly changing the input data in SUEWS to examine the influence of mitigation measures on the UEB. The most detailed way would be to directly changing the surface data by e.g. increasing the number of street trees. This can be done by e.g. using the TreeGenerator-plugin in UMEP. This method would require that you go through the workflow of this tutorial again before you do your new model run. Another way is to directly manipulate input data to SUEWS at grid point level. This can done by e.g. changing the land cover fractions in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt, the file that includes all grid-specific information used in SUEWS.
Make a copy of your whole input folder created from SUEWSPRepare earlier and rename it to e.g. Input_mitigation.
In that folder remove all the files beginning with InitialConditions except the one called InitialConditionsnyc_2010.nml.
Open SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt in Excel (or similar software).
Now increace the fraction of decidious trees (Fr_DecTr) for grid 3242 and 3243 by 0.2. As the total land cover fraction has to be 1 you also need to reduce the paved fraction (Fr_Paved) by the same amount.
Save and close. Remember to keep the format (tab-separated text).
Create an empty folder called Output_mitigation
Open SuewsAdvanced and make the same settings as before but change the input and output folders.
Run the model.
When finished, create a similar average air temperature map for the heat event and compare the two maps. You can do a difference map by using the Raster Calculator in QGIS (Raster>Raster Calculator…).
Tutorial finished.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS and WUDAPT¶
Introduction¶
Note
This tutorial is not ready for use. Work in progress.
In this tutorial you will generate input data for the SUEWS model and simulate spatial (and temporal) variations of energy exchanges within an area in New York City using local climate zones derived within the WUDAPT project. The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools project is a community-based project to gather a census of cities around the world.
Note
This tutorial is currently designed to work with QGIS 2.18. It is strongly recommended that you goo through the Urban Energy Balance - SUEWS Spatial tutorial before you go through this tutrial.
Objectives¶
To prepare input data for the SUEWS model using a WUDAPT dataset and analyse energy exchanges within an area in New York City, US.
Initial Steps¶
UMEP is a python plugin used in conjunction with QGIS. To install the software and the UMEP plugin see the getting started section in the UMEP manual.
As UMEP is under development, some documentation may be missing and/or there may be instability. Please report any issues or suggestions to our repository.
Loading and analyzing the spatial data¶
Note
You can download the all the data from here. Unzip and place in a folder where you have read and write access to. The LCZ data for various cities are also available from the WUDAPT portal.
Start by loading the raster dataset (NYC_LCZ.tif) into an empty QGIS project. This dataset is referenced to the WGS84 CRS (ESPG:4326).
You can set the correct colors for your LCZ raster by opening the LCZ converter at UMEP > Pre-Processer > Spatial data > LCZ converter. In the upper right corner, choose the LCZ raster and press Color Raster and then close the LCZ Converter.
Vector grid generation¶
A vector polygon grid is required for specifying the extent and resolution of the modelling.You will make use of a built-in tool in QGIS to generate such a grid.
First zoom in to Manhattan as shown in the figure below

Zoom in the Manhattan island.¶
As WGS84 (EPSG:4326) is in degree coordinates and maybe you want to specify your grid in meters, you need to change the CRS of your current QGIS-project. Click on the globe at the bottom right of your QGIS window and select ESPG:26918 as your ‘on the fly’ CRS.
Open vector grid at Vector > Research Tools > Vector grid.
Select the extend of your canvas by clicking the … next to Grid extent (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) and select Use layer/canvas extent.
Select Use Canvas Extent.
As you can see the units in now in meters and not in degrees. Specify the desired grid spacing to 5000 meters. This will save time later on. Of course you can set it a much smaller number if you have the time to wait when the model performs the calculations later on.
Make sure the output is in polygons, not lines.
Create as temporary layer.
Save your grid by right-click on the new layer in the Layers Panel and choose Save as…. Here it is very imporant that you save in the same CRS as you other layers (ESPG:4326). Save as a shape file.
Population density¶
Population density is required to estimate the anthropogenic heat release (QF) in SUEWS. There is a possibility to make use of both night-time and daytime population densities to make the model more dynamic. In this tutorial you will only use a night-time dataset. This dataset can be aqcuired from the Spatial Data Downloader in UMEP.
Open de spatial downloader at UMEP > Pre-Processer > Spatial data > Spatial Data Downloader.
Select population density and select the GPWv4: UN-Adjusted Population Density closest to the year you intend to model (2010). The values will be in (pp / square kilometer).
Make sure your canvas is zoomed out to the entire LCZ map and click Use canvas extent
Now click Get data.
Save as a geoTiff (.tif) with the name GPWv4_2010.
Now you need to calculate population density per grid in units pp/hectare. First open the QGIS built-in tool Zonal statistics (Raster > Zonal Statistics). If the tool is absent you need to activate it by going to Plugins > Manage and Install Plugins and add Zonal statistics plugin. Open the tool and make the settings as shown below. This will calulate mean population density per grid.
Settings for the Zonal statistics plugin.¶
Open the attribute table for your Grid_5000m-layer (right-click on layer and choose (Open attribute Table).
Click the abacus shaped symbol this is the Field calculator.
Under Output field name write “pp_ha, the Output field type should be “Decimal number (real)”, and the Output Precision can be set to 2.
In the expression dialog box write gpw_mean/100, here gpw_mean is the name of your population density field and the 100 is to convert the data from km2 to ha.
Click OK and you should have a new field called “pp_ha”.
Click the yellow pencil in the top left corner of the attribute table to stop editing and save your changes and close the attribute table.
LCZ converter¶
Now you will make use of the LCZ Converter-plugin to generate input data for the SUEWS model.
Open the LCZ converter at UMEP > Pre-Processer > Spatial data > LCZ converter.
Select the LCZ raster layer at ‘’ LCZ raster’’.
Select the vector grid you have just created in step 3 at Vector grid and select the ID field of the polygon grid at ID field.
By clicking Adjust default parameters you can edit the table. This table specifies the pervious, trees, grass, etc. fractions for each of the LCZ classes. For more information about each of the classes see LCZConverter. If you choose to edit the table, make sure all fractions add up to 1.0.
If you are unsure about the exact fractions for each of the LCZ click the tab Pervious distribution. Select Same for all LCZ’s

Settings for the LCZ converter plugin.¶
Now you can select your best estimate about the distribution of the pervious surface fractions for urban and the tree distribution for rural. In addition, also specify the expected height of the trees.
Once you are satisfied click Update Table.
Select add results to polygon.
Add a file prefix if desired.
Finally select an output folder where you would like to receive the text files and click Run.
Note
For mac users use this workaround: manually create a directory, go into the folder above and type the folder name. It will give a warning “—folder name–” already exists. Do you want to replace it? Click replace.
This should generate 3 text files, one with the land cover fractions, one with morphometric parameters for buildings and one for trees for each grid cell of the polygon grid.
SUEWS¶
Before running SUEWS, you will need to prepare some of the data required to run it.
SUEWS prepare requires the grid CRS to be in metres not degrees, therefore we need to reproject the grid. Right-click the vector grid and click save as... Assign a different file name, use CRS ESPG:26918 and click OK.
Open SUEWS prepare at: UMEP > Pre-Processer > SUEWS prepare.
Under vector polygon grid specify your reprojected vector grid and the ID field.
Select the location of the Meteorological file that was included in the input data, the building morphology (_build_), tree morphology (_veg_) and land cover fractions (_LCFGrid_) from the step above and the population density (pp_ha) in the dropdown list.
Enter the start and end of day light savings time for 2010 and the UTC offset of New York.
Specify the Leaf cycle = winter when initialising in January. Unless the user has better information initialise the Soil moisture state at 100 %.
Select an output folder where the initial data to run SUEWS should be saved and press Generate.
Open SUEWS at UMEP > Processer > Urban Energy Balance > Urban Energy Balance (SUEWS/BLUEWS, advanced). Using this for the first time, the system will ask you to download the latest version of SUEWS, click OK.
Change the OHM option to [1]. This allows the anthropogenic energy to be partitioned also into the storage energy term.
Leave the rest of the combobox settings at the top as default and tick both the Use snow module and the Obtain temporal resolution… box.
Set the Temporal resolution of output (minutes) to 60.
Locate the directory where you saved your output from SUEWSPrepare earlier and choose an output folder of your choice.
Also, Tick the box Apply spin-up using…. This will force the model to run twice using the conditions from the first run as initial conditions for the second run.
Click Run. This computation will take a while so be patient. If it only takes a very short time (a few seconds) the model has probably crashed. Please consult the problems.txt file for more information.
Analysing model reults¶
When the model has successfully run, it is time to look at some of the output of the model. The SUEWSAnalyser tool is available from the post-processing section in UMEP.
To better visualise what would be interesting to plot, label the grid ID’s of your vector grid. Do this by right-clicking the vector grid, going to properties, under the Labels tab click Show labels for this layer, label with id and select a text format of your choosing.
Open UMEP > Post-Processor > Urban Energy Balance > SUEWS Analyzer. There are two main sections in this tool. The Plot data-section can be used to make temporal analysis as well as making simple comparisins between two grids or variables. This Spatial data-section can be used to make aggregated maps of the output variables from the SUEWS model. This requires that you have loaded the same polygon grid into your QGIS project that was used when you prepared the input data for SUEWS using SUEWS Prepare earlier in this tutorial.
To access the output data from the a model run, the RunControl.nml file for that particular run must be located. If your run has been made through UMEP, this file can be found in your output folder. Otherwise, this file can be located in the same folder from where the model was executed. In the top panel of SUEWS Analyzer, load the RunControl.nml located in the output folder.
Feel free to try plotting different variables, first let’s try and look at a variable for two different grid cells.
Load the RunControl.nml located in the output folder.
On the left hand specify a Grid cell that is largely urban, select Year to investigate. Select the desired time period and a variable, for example Sensible heat flux.
Comparing with another less urbanised gridcell turn on include another variable and specify the desired Grid, selecting the same Variable (Sensible heat flux).
Click plot.

Example of the comparison of the heat flux for two grid cell in the vector grid.¶
Now we will look at the horizontal distribution of the storage flux. #. On the right-hand side of SUEWS analyser specify the Net Storage flux as a variable to analyse. #. Select the Year to investigate and a time period during the summer season. #. Select the Median and Only daytime. #. Select the Vector polygon grid you have been using and save as a GeoTiff. #. Specify an output filename, and tick Add Geotiff to map canvas and Generate.

Example of the median, night-time net storage flux.¶
This should generate a geotiff file with a median, night-time net storage flux in the selected timeperiod.
Tutorial finished.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Development, Suggestions and Support¶
If you are interested in contributing to the code please contact Sue Grimmond. Please follow Coding Guidelines for coding SUEWS.
Please provide your feedbacks via channels listed here.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Coding Guidelines¶
If you are interested in contributing to the code please contact Sue Grimmond.
Coding¶
Core physics and calculatoin schemes of SUEWS are written in Fortran 90
Code is hosted in GitHub as private repository
Variables
Names should be defined at least in one place in the code – ideally when defined
Implicit None should be used in all subroutines
Variable name should include units. e.g. Temp_C, Temp_K
Output variable attributes should be provided in the TYPE structure defined in the ctrl_output module as follows:
: TYPE varAttr : CHARACTER(len = 15) :: header ! short name in headers : CHARACTER(len = 12) :: unit ! unit : CHARACTER(len = 14) :: fmt ! output format : CHARACTER(len = 50) :: longNm ! long name for detailed description : CHARACTER(len = 1) :: aggreg ! aggregation method : CHARACTER(len = 10) :: group ! group: datetime, default, ESTM, Snow, etc. : INTEGER :: level ! output priority level: 0 for highest (defualt output) : END TYPE varAttr
Code should be written generally
Data set for testing should be provided
Demonstration that the model performance has improved when new code has been added or that any deterioration is warranted.
Additional requirements for modelling need to be indicated in the manual
All code should be commented in the program (with initials of who made the changes – name specified somewhere and institution)
The references used in the code and in the equations will be collected to a webpage
Current developments that are being actively worked on
Testing¶
The testing of SUEWS is done using Python 3
The following tests are done for each release of SUEWS:
Working status of all physics schemes
Year-grid looping logic
Identity of output results with internal test dataset
Please use pre-defined make test
option to check if your code can pass all tests or not.
If not, the correctness of added code should be justified with caution.
Preparation of SUEWS Manual¶
The SUEWS manual is written in reStructuredText (aka rst) with a Sphinx flavour
The SUEWS manual is hosted by readthedocs.org
CSV tables used in following pages are automatically generated from the Description field in Input Options by each build, so DON’T manually edit them as your edits will be swiped automatically:
F2PY tips¶
This includes several DON’T’s that have never been mentioned by F2PY docs:
DON’T mix comments as lines into argument list of Fortran subroutines/functions:
DONT:
subroutine(& ! DONT DO this args& )OK:
subroutine(& args& ! OK this way )
2. DON’T end a subroutine as ENDSUBROUTINE
.
Instead, leave a space in between
to form END SUBROUTINE
.
Otherwise, the subroutines won’t be correctly
parsed and picked up by F2PY.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Suggestions and Support¶
Please provide your feedbacks via these channels:
Mailing lists:
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Benchmark Report¶
Since v2018a, SUEWS is benchmarked against observations for assessment of model performance. A site based benchmark report generation system is introduced in v2018c to produce detailed reports for testing sites; the number of sites is expanding and more cases will be added as they are benchmarked.
Each report includes the following parts:
Overall performance:
Performance Score: Large scores indicate better performance. The scores are calculated according to weighted averages of statistics for selected benchmark variables.
Detailed Statistics: Grids are coloured based relative performance between different versions: a greener grid indicates better performance in the chosen variable using the specific release whereas a redder one shows poorer performance; and those with gray backgrounds indicate the same performance across different releases.
Cross-comparison in model variables between releases:
Detailed statistics tables: statistics for each variable.
Pair plots: comparison in simulation results between different version-pairs.
Time series plots: comparison in simulated monthly climatologies of diurnal cycles of each variable between different version-pairs.
The latest benchmark reports are available at the SUEWS Benchmark site.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
API¶
This link redirects to the SUEWS API site, which provides documentation of SUEWS source code automatically generated by Doxygen.
SUEWS developers are strongly suggested to use the API site as the main reference for understanding SUEWS source code.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version History¶
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2019a (released on 11 November 2019)¶
Improvement
An anthropogenic emission module is added. Module details refer to Järvi et al. (2019) [J19].
A canyon profile module is added. Module details refer to Theeuwes et al. (2019) [T19].
Changes
Input file
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
is renamed toSUEWS_AnthropogenicEmission.txt
with new parameters added:MinFCMetab
,MaxFCMetab
,FrPDDwe
,FcEF_v_kgkmWD
andFcEF_v_kgkmWE
.BLUEWS has been recovered; set
CBLUse
to use it.Removed features:
Fix
Fixed a bug in LAI calculation for longterm runs.
Fixed a bug in net all-wave radiation differential calculation for OHM.
Fixed a bug in GDD/SDD calculation that different vegetative land covers could unexpectedly affect each other.
Fixed water redistribution bug in snow module.
Known issues
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2018c (released on 21 February 2019)¶
Improvement
SuPy (SUEWS in Python): a Python-enhanced wrapper of SUEWS, which can facilitate a more fluent workflow of SUEWS-centred urban climate research. More details refer to SuPy documentation site.
Improved benchmark report: More testing sites are added thanks to an automated benchmark report system.
Changes
None.
Fix
Fixed a bug in LAI calculation for longterm runs.
Fixed a bug in net all-wave radiation differential calculation for OHM.
Fixed water redistribution bug in snow module.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2018b (released 17 December 2018)¶
Improvement
Improved calculation of OHM-related radiation terms:
The temporal difference term
dQ*/dt
is now calculated using the time-step-weighteddQ*
of previous time step instead of a series ofQ*
values from previous time steps, which improves the usage of memory and allows time-step-varying simulations (needed by WRF-SUEWS coupling).
Changes
None.
Fix
Fixed a bug in picking up external water use from meteorological forcing file.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2018a (released 2 August 2018)¶
New
Many under-the-hood improvements:
Added explicit interface intent for confusion-less coupling between SUEWS modules
Restructured layout of physics schemes for better modularity
Improved the alignment in output txt files
New
readthedocs.org
-based documentation systemAdded SUEWS input converter for conversion of input files between versions
Added Benchmark Report for recent releases.
Improvement
Improved the near surface diagnostics scheme (T2, Q2, U10)
Improved skin temperature calculation (Ts)
Changes
StabilityMethod
: recommended option is change from 2 to 3 as options other than 3 have been noticed with numerical issues under several scenarios, which will be fixed in the next release.Model run - changes in selections moved from SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt to
SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt
:EnergyUseProfWD
,EnergyUseProfWE
,ActivityProfWD
,ActivityProfWE
.BiogenCO2Code
is added to SUEWS_Veg.txt for looking up biogenic characteristics in the new SUEWS_BiogenCO2.txt file.TraifficRate
andBuildEnergyUse
in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt are expanded to allow weekday and weekend values:TrafficRate_WD
,TrafficRate_WE
,QF0_BEU_WD
,QF0_BEU_WE
.AnthropCO2Method
is removed from RunControl.nml.AnthropHeatMethod
is renamed toEmissionsMethod
.AHMin
,AHSlope
andTCritic
are expanded to allow weekday and weekend values by adding_WD
and_WE
as suffix, of whichAHSlope
andTCritic
are also expanded to allow cooling and heating settings.
Known issues
BLUEWS is disabled
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2017b (released 2 August 2017)¶
Surface-level diagnostics: T2 (air temperature at 2 m agl), Q2 (air specific humidity at 2 m agl) and U10 (wind speed at 10 m agl) added as default output.
Output in netCDF format. Please note this feature is NOT enabled in the public release due to the dependency of netCDF library. Assistance in enabling this feature may be requested to the development team via SUEWS mail list.
Edits to the manual.
New capabilities being developed, including two new options for calculating storage heat flux (AnOHM, ESTM) and modelling of carbon dioxide fluxes. These are currently under development and should not be used in Version 2017b.
Known issues
BLUEWS parameters need to be checked
Observed soil moisture can not be used as an input
Wind direction is not currently downscaled so non -999 values will cause an error.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2017a (Feb 2017)¶
Changes to input file formats (including RunControl.nml and InitialConditions files) to facilitate setting up and running the model. Met forcing files no longer need two rows of -9 at the end to indicate the end of the file.
Changes to output file formats (now option to write out only a subset of variables, rather than all variables).
SUEWS can now disaggregate forcing files to the model time-step and aggregate output at the model time-step to lower resolution. This removes the need for the python wrapper used with previous versions.
InitialConditions format and requirements changed. A single file can now be provided for multiple grids. SUEWS will approximate most (but not all) of the required initial conditions if values are unknown. (However, if detailed information about the initial conditions is known, this can still be provided to and used by SUEWS.)
Leaf area index calculations now use parameters provided for each vegetated surface (previously only the deciduous tree LAI development parameters were applied to all vegetated surfaces).
For compatibility with GIS, the sign convention for longitude has been changed. Now negative values are to the west, positive values are to the east. Note this appears to have been incorrectly coded in previous versions (but may not necessarily have been problematic).
Storage heat flux calculation adapted for shorter (sub-hourly) model time-step: hysteresis calculation now based on running means over the previous hour.
Improved error handling, including separate files for serious errors (problems.txt) and less critical issues (warnings.txt).
Edits to the manual.
New capabilities being developed, including two new options for calculating storage heat flux (AnOHM, ESTM) and modelling of carbon dioxide fluxes. These are currently under development and should not be used in Version 2017a.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2016a (released 21 June 2016)¶
Major changes to the input file formats to facilitate the running of multiple grids and multiple years. Surface characteristics are provided in SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt and other input files are cross-referenced via codes or profile types.
The surface types have been altered:
Previously, grass surfaces were entered separately as irrigated grass and unirrigated grass surfaces, whilst the ‘unmanaged’ land cover fraction was assumed by the model to behave as unirrigated grass. There is now a single surface type for grass (total for irrigated plus unirrigated) and a new bare soil surface type.
The proportion of irrigated vegetation must now be specified for grass, evergreen trees and deciduous trees individually.
The entire model now runs at a time step specified by the user. Note that 5 min is strongly recommended. (Previously only the water balance calculations were done at 5 min with the energy balance calculations at 60 min).
Surface conductance now depends on the soil moisture under the vegetated surfaces only (rather than the total soil moisture for the whole study area as previously).
Albedo of evergreen trees and grass surfaces can now change with leaf area index as was previously possible for deciduous trees only.
New suggestions in Troubleshooting section.
Edits to the manual.
CBL model included.
SUEWS has been incorporated into UMEP
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2014b (released 8 October 2014)¶
These affect the run configuration if previously run with older versions of the model:
New input of three additional columns in the Meteorological input file (diffusive and direct solar radiation, and wind direction)
Change of input variables in InitialConditions.nml file. Note we now refer to CT as ET (ie. Evergreen trees rather than coniferous trees)
In GridConnectionsYYYY.txt, the site names should now be without the underscore (e.g
Sm
and notSm_
)
Other issues:
Number of grid areas that can be modelled (for one grid, one year 120; for one grid two years 80)
Comment about Time interval of input data
Bug fix: Column headers corrected in 5 min file
Bug fix: Surface state 60 min file - corrected to give the last 5 min of the hour (rather than cumulating through the hour)
Bug fix: units in the Horizontal soil water transfer
ErrorHints: More have been added to the problems.txt file.
Manual: new section on running the model appropriately
Manual: notation table updated
Possibility to add snow accumulation and melt: new paper
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H, and Strachan IB Version 2014: Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities, Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1691-Version 2014.
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2014a.1 (released 26 February 2014)¶
Please see the large number of changes made in the Version 2014a release.
This is a minor change to address installing the software.
Minor updates to the manual
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2014a (released 21 February 2014)¶
Bug fix: External irrigation is calculated as combined from automatic and manual irrigation and during precipitation events the manual irrigation is reduced to 60% of the calculated values. In previous version of the model, the irrigation was in all cases taken 60% of the calculated value, but now this has been fixed.
In previous versions of the model, irrigation was only allowed on the irrigated grass surface type. Now, irrigation is also allowed on evergreen and deciduous trees/shrubs surfaces. These are not however treated as separate surfaces, but the amount of irrigation is evenly distributed to the whole surface type in the modelled area. The amount of water is calculated using same equation as for grass surface (equation 5 in Järvi et al. Version 2011), and the fraction of irrigated trees/shrubs (relative to the area of tree/shrubs surface) is set in the gis file (See Table 4.11: SSss_YYYY.gis)
In the current version of the model, the user is able to adjust the leaf-on and leaf-off lengths in the FunctionalTypes. nml file. In addition, user can choose whether to use temperature dependent functions or combination of temperature and day length (advised to be used at high-latitudes)
In the gis-file, there is a new variable Alt that is the area altitude above sea level. If not known exactly use an approximate value.
Snow removal profile has been added to the HourlyProfileSSss_YYYY.txt. Not yet used!
Model time interval has been changed from minutes to seconds. Preferred interval is 3600 seconds (1 hour)
Manual correction: input variable Soil moisture said soil moisture deficit in the manual – word removed
Multiple compiled versions of SUEWS released. There are now users in Apple, Linux and Windows environments. So we will now release compiled versions for more operating systems (section 3).
There are some changes in the output file columns so please, check the respective table of each used output file.
Bug fix: with very small amount of vegetation in an area – impacted Phenology for LUMPS
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2013a¶
Radiation selection bug fixed
Aerodynamic resistance – when very low - no longer reverts to neutral (which caused a large jump) – but stays low
Irrigation day of week fixed
New error messages
min file – now includes a decimal time column – see Section 5.4 – Table 5.3
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2012b¶
Error message generated if all the data are not available for the surface resistance calculations
Error message generated if wind data are below zero plane displacement height.
All error messages now written to ‘Problem.txt’ rather than embedded in an ErrorFile. Note some errors will be written and the program will continue others will stop the program.
Default variables removed (see below). Model will stop if any data are problematic. File should be checked to ensure that reasonable data are being used. If an error occurs when there should not be one let us know as it may mean we have made the limits too restrictive.
Contents no longer used File defaultFcld=0.1 defaultPres=1013 defaultRH=50 defaultT=10 defaultU=3 RunControl.nml
Just delete lines from file
Values you had were likely different from these example value shown here
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2012a¶
Improved error messages when an error is encountered. Error message will generally be written to the screen and to the file ‘problems.txt’
Format of all input files have changed.
New excel spreadsheet and R programme to help prepare required data files. (Not required)
Format of coef flux (OHM) input files have changed.
This allows for clearer identification for users of the coefficients that are actually to be used
This requires an additional file with coefficients. These do not need to be adjusted but new coefficients can be added. We would appreciate receiving additional coefficients so they can be included in future releases – Please email Sue.
Storage heat flux (OHM) coefficients can be changed by
time of year (summer, winter)
surface wetness state
New files are written: DailyState.txt
Provides the status of variables that are updated on a daily or basis or a snapshot at the end of each day.
Surface Types
Clarification of surface types has been made. See GIS and OHM related files
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Version 2011b¶
Storage heat flux (ΔQs) and anthropogenic heat flux (QF) can be set to be 0 W m-2
Calculation of hydraulic conductivity in soil has been improved and HydraulicConduct in SUEWSInput.nml is replaced with name SatHydraulicConduct
Following removed from HeaderInput.nml
HydraulicConduct
GrassFractionIrrigated
PavedFractionIrrigated
TreeFractionIrrigated
The lower three are now determined from the water use behaviour used in SUEWS
Following added to HeaderInput.nml
SatHydraulicConduct
defaultQf
defaultQs
If ΔQs and QF are not calculated in the model but are given as an input, the missing data is replaced with the default values.
Added to SAHP input file
AHDIUPRF – diurnal profile used if EmissionsMethod = 1
Version 2012a this became obsolete OHM file (SSss_YYYY.ohm)
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Acknowledgements¶
Contributors¶
Name |
Affiliation |
Contributions |
Versions |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prof Sue Grimmond |
University of Reading, UK; prior: Indiana University, USA, King’s College London, UK, University of British Columbia, Canada |
OHM, Evaporation-Interception, Resistances, NARP, irrigation, anthropogenic heat, etc |
v2011b – v2019a |
Team Leader |
Dr Ting Sun |
University of Reading, UK |
AnOHM; Documentation system; WRF-SUEWS coupling; SuPy (python wrapper of SUEWS) |
v2017b – v2019a |
Current Lead Developer |
Dr Leena Järvi |
University of Helsinki, Finland |
Snow-related physics; Anthropogenic emission calculation, CO2 |
v2011b – v2019a |
Lead Developer of v2011b – v2014b |
Dr Helen Ward |
University of Reading, UK |
OHM improvement; Resistance calculation; Anthropogenic heat calculation |
v2016a - v2017b |
Lead Developer of v2016a - v2017 |
Dr Fredrik Lindberg |
Göteborg University, Sweden |
UMEP-related work, NARP, ESTM |
v2011b – v2019a |
Lead Developer of UMEP |
Dr Hamidreza Omidvar |
University of Reading, UK |
WRF-SUEWS coupling; Documentation system |
v2018c – v2019a |
Major contributor to WRF(v4.0)-SUEWS(v2018c) coupling |
Minttu P. Havu |
University of Helsinki, Finland |
CO2 |
v2018c – v2019a |
|
Dr Zhenkun Li |
Shanghai Climate Centre, China |
WRF-SUEWS coupling |
v2018b – v2018c |
Major contributor to WRF(v3.9)-SUEWS(v2018b) coupling |
Yihao Tang |
University of Reading, UK |
Stability, air temperature |
v2018b - v2018c |
|
Dr Shiho Onomura |
Göteborg University, Sweden |
BLUEWS, ESTM |
v2016a |
|
Dr Thomas Loridan |
King’s College London, UK |
NARP |
v2011a |
|
Dr Brian Offerle |
Indiana University, USA |
ESTM, NARP |
v2011a |
Dependency Libraries¶
Note
We gratefully acknowledge the libraries/code that SUEWS uses as dependency and greatly appreciate their developers for the excellent work. Please let us know if any inapproriate use of these code and we will remove/modify the related parts accordingly.
Library |
Remarks |
---|---|
date and time related processsing |
|
AnOHM-related sinusoidal curve fitting |
|
netCDF output for QGIS-compliant grid layout |
|
string processing |
Funding¶
Note
The following grants are acknowledged for their contribution to model development (D) and/or supportive observations (O).
Funder |
Project |
D , O |
---|---|---|
NERC |
APEx |
D |
NERC |
COSMA NE/S005889/ |
D |
UKRI |
GCRF Urban Disaster Risk Hub |
D |
Newton/Met Office |
CSSP-China (AJYG-DX4P1V HRC,AJYF-2GLAMK EUN, others) |
D, O |
NERC |
ClearfLo Clean Air for London NE/H003231/1 |
O |
NERC/Belmont |
TRUC NE/L008971/1, G8MUREFU3FP-2201-075 |
D, O |
EPSRC |
LoHCool Low carbon climate-responsive Heating and Cooling of Cities EP/N009797/1 |
D |
NERC |
Independent Research Fellowship |
D |
NSF |
BCS-0095284, ATM-0710631, BCS-0221105 |
D, O |
EPSRC |
Data Assimilation for the REsilient City (DARE) EP/P002331/1 |
O |
Royal Society/Newton |
Mobility funding |
O |
H2020 |
UrbanFluxes (637519) |
D, O |
EUf7 |
BRIDGE (211345) |
D, O |
EUf7 |
emBRACE (283201) |
D, O |
University of Reading |
Sue Grimmond |
O, D |
KCL |
Sue Grimmond |
O |
EPSRC |
EP/I00159X/1 EP/I00159X/2 Materials Innovation Hub: Connecting Materials Culture to Materials Science |
O |
NERC |
Field Spectroscopy Facility (FSF) 616.1110 Investigating the Urban Energy Balance of London |
O |
EUf7 |
MEGAPOLI 212520 |
D |
NERC |
Airborne Remote Sensing Facility & Field Spectroscopy Facility (GB08/19) |
O |
CFCAS |
Environmental Prediction for Canadian Cities |
D, O |
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
Notation¶
- λF¶
Frontal area index
- ΔQS¶
Storage heat flux
- BLUEWS¶
Boundary Layer part of SUEWS
Relation between BLUEWS and SUEWS¶
- CDD¶
Cooling degree days
- GDD¶
Growing degree days
- HDD¶
Heating degree days
- Bldgs¶
Building surface
- CBL¶
Convective boundary layer
- DEM¶
Digital Elevation Model
- DSM¶
Digital surface model
- DTM¶
Digital Terrain Model
- DecTr¶
Deciduous trees and shrubs
- EveTr¶
Evergreen trees and shrubs
- ESTM¶
Element Surface Temperature Method (Offerle et al.,2005 [OGF2005])
- Grass¶
Grass surface
- BSoil¶
Unmanaged land and/or bare soil
- Runoff¶
The water that drains freely off the impervious surface
- SoilStore¶
The water stored in the underlying soil that infiltrates from the pervious surface
- L↓¶
Incoming longwave radiation
- LAI¶
Leaf area index
- LUMPS¶
Local-scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011])
- MU¶
Parameters which must be supplied and must be specific for the site/grid being run.
- MD¶
Parameters which must be supplied and must be specific for the site/grid being run (but default values may be ok if these values are not known specifically for the site).
- O¶
Parameters that are optional, depending on the model settings in RunControl.nml. Set any parameters that are not used/not known to ‘-999’.
- L¶
Codes that are used to link between the input files. These codes are required but their values are completely arbitrary, providing that they link the input files in the correct way. The user should choose these codes, bearing in mind that the codes they match up with in column 1 of the corresponding input file must be unique within that file. Codes must be integers. Note that the codes must match up with column 1 of the corresponding input file, even if those parameters are not used (in which case set all columns except column 1 to ‘-999’ in the corresponding input file), otherwise the model run will fail.
- NARP¶
Net All-wave Radiation Parameterization (Offerle et al. 2003 [O2003], Loridan et al. 2011 [L2011])
- OHM¶
Objective Hysteresis Model (Grimmond et al. 1991 [G91OHM], Grimmond & Oke 1999a [GO99QS], 2002 [GO2002])
- Paved¶
Paved surface
- Q*¶
Net all-wave radiation
- QE¶
Latent heat flux
- QF¶
Anthropogenic heat flux
- QH¶
Sensible heat flux
- SOLWEIG¶
The solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry model (Lindberg et al. 2008 [FL2008], Lindberg and Grimmond 2011 [FL2011])
- SVF¶
Sky view factor
- θ¶
Potential temperature
- tt¶
Time step of data
- UMEP¶
- Water¶
Water surface
- WATCH¶
The WATCH project has produced a large number of data sets which should be of considerable use in regional and global studies of climate and water. see WATCH webpage
- zi¶
Convective boundary layer height
Note
Please report issues with the manual on the GitHub page.
References¶
- J11
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB & Christen A (2011) The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver. J. Hydrol. 411, 219-237.
- W16
Ward HC, Kotthaus S, Järvi L and Grimmond CSB 2016: Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate. 18, 1-32 doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
- G91
Grimmond CSB & Oke TR (1991) An Evaporation-Interception Model for Urban Areas. Water Resour. Res. 27, 1739-1755.
- O2003
Offerle B, Grimmond CSB & Oke TR (2003) Parameterization of Net All-Wave Radiation for Urban Areas. J. Appl. Meteorol. 42, 1157-1173.
- L2011
Loridan T, CSB Grimmond, BD Offerle, DT Young, T Smith, L Järvi, F Lindberg (2011) Local-Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS): longwave radiation parameterization & seasonality related developments. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology 50, 185-202, doi: 10.1175/2010JAMC2474.1
- lucy
Allen L, F Lindberg, CSB Grimmond (2011) Global to city scale model for anthropogenic heat flux, International Journal of Climatology, 31, 1990-2005.
- lucy2
Lindberg F, Grimmond CSB, Nithiandamdan Y, Kotthaus S, Allen L (2013) Impact of city changes and weather on anthropogenic heat flux in Europe 1995–2015, Urban Climate,4,1-13 paper
- I11
Iamarino M, Beevers S & Grimmond CSB (2011) High-resolution (space, time) anthropogenic heat emissions: London 1970-2025. International J. of Climatology. 32, 1754-1767.
- G91OHM
Grimmond CSB, Cleugh HA & Oke TR (1991) An objective urban heat storage model and its comparison with other schemes. Atmos. Env. 25B, 311-174.
- GO99QS
Grimmond CSB & Oke TR (1999a) Heat storage in urban areas: Local-scale observations and evaluation of a simple model. J. Appl. Meteorol. 38, 922-940.
- GO2002
Grimmond CSB & Oke TR (2002) Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Urban Areas: Observations and a Local-Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS) J. Appl. Meteorol. 41, 792-810.
- AnOHM17
Sun T, Wang ZH, Oechel W & Grimmond CSB (2017) The Analytical Objective Hysteresis Model (AnOHM v1.0): Methodology to Determine Bulk Storage Heat Flux Coefficients. Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. doi: 10.5194/gmd-2016-300.
- OGF2005
Offerle B, CSB Grimmond, K Fortuniak (2005) Heat storage & anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central European city center. International J. of Climatology. 25: 1405–1419 doi: 10.1002/joc.1198
- G86
Grimmond CSB, Oke TR and Steyn DG (1986) Urban water-balance 1. A model for daily totals. Water Resour Res 22: 1397-1403.
- Leena2014
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, Taka M, Nordbo A, Setälä H & Strachan IB (2014) Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities, Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 1691-1711, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014.
- CG2001
Cleugh HA & Grimmond CSB (2001) Modelling regional scale surface energy exchanges and CBL growth in a heterogeneous, urban-rural landscape. Bound.-Layer Meteor. 98, 1-31.
- Shiho2015
Onomura S, Grimmond CSB, Lindberg F, Holmer B & Thorsson S (2015) Meteorological forcing data for urban outdoor thermal comfort models from a coupled convective boundary layer and surface energy balance scheme Urban Climate,11, 1-23 doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2014.11.001
- FL2008
Lindberg F, Holmer B & Thorsson S (2008) SOLWEIG 1.0 – Modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings. International Journal of Biometeorology 52, 697–713.
- FL2011
Lindberg F & Grimmond C (2011) The influence of vegetation and building morphology on shadow patterns and mean radiant temperature in urban areas: model development and evaluation. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 105:3, 311-323.
- Ko17
Kokkonen TV, Grimmond CSB, Räty O, Ward HC, Christen A, Oke TR, Kotthaus S & Järvi L (in review) Sensitivity of Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) to downscaling of reanalysis forcing data.
- Best2014
Best MJ & Grimmond CSB (2014) Importance of initial state and atmospheric conditions for urban land surface models’ performance. Urban Climate 10: 387-406. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.006.
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Dyer AJ (1974) A review of flux-profile relationships. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 7, 363-372.
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Van Ulden AP & Holtslag AAM (1985) Estimation of atmospheric boundary layer parameters for boundary layer applications. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 24, 1196-1207.
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Kawai T, Ridwan MK & Kanda M (2009) Evaluation of the simple urban energy balance model using selected data from 1-yr flux observations at two cities. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 48, 693-715.
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Voogt JA & Grimmond CSB (2000) Modeling surface sensible heat flux using surface radiative temperatures in a simple urban terrain. J. Appl. Meteorol. 39, 1679-1699.
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Kanda M, Kanega M, Kawai T, Moriwaki R & Sugawara H (2007). Roughness lengths for momentum and heat derived from outdoor urban scale models. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 46, 1067-1079.
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Grimmond CSB & Oke TR (1999) Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived from analysis of surface form. J. Appl. Meteorol. 38, 1262-1292.
- Mc98
MacDonald RW, Griffiths RF & Hall DJ (1998) An improved method for estimation of surface roughness of obstacle arrays. Atmos. Env. 32, 1857-1864.
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Falk J & Niemczynowicz J, (1978) Characteristics of the above ground runoff in sewered catchments, in Urban Storm Drainage, edited by Helliwell PR, Pentech, London
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Halldin S, Grip H & Perttu K. (1979) Model for energy exchange of a pine forest canopy. In: Halldin S (Ed.), Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models. International Society of Ecological Modeling
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Calder IR and Wright IR (1986) Gamma Ray Attenuation Studies of Interception From Sitka Spruce: Some Evidence for an Additional Transport Mechanism. Water Resour. Res., 22(3), 409–417.
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Oke TR (1987) Boundary Layer Climates. Routledge, London, UK
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Breuer L, Eckhardt K and Frede H-G (2003) Plant parameter values for models in temperate climates. Ecol. Model. 169, 237-293.
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Jarvis PG (1976) The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B., 273, 593-610.
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Sailor DJ and Vasireddy C (2006) Correcting aggregate energy consumption data account for variability in local weather. Environ. Modell. Softw. 21, 733-738.
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Konarska J, Lindberg F, Larsson A, Thorsson S and Holmer B (2014) Transmissivity of solar radiation through crowns of single urban trees—application for outdoor thermal comfort modelling. Theor Appl Climatol 117:363–376.
- Re90
Reindl DT, Beckman WA and Duffie JA (1990) Diffuse fraction correlation. Sol Energy 45:1–7.
- LG2012
Loridan T and Grimmond CSB (2012) Characterization of energy flux partitioning in urban environments: links with surface seasonal properties. J. of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51,219-241 doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-038.1
- H1988
Högström U (1988) Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer: A re-evaluation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 42, 55–78.
- Kent2017a
Kent CW, CSB Grimmond, J Barlow, D Gatey, S Kotthaus, F Lindberg, CH Halios 2017a: Evaluation of urban local-scale aerodynamic parameters: implications for the vertical profile of wind and source areas Boundary Layer Meteorology 164,183–213 doi: 10.1007/s10546-017-0248-z
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Kent CW, S Grimmond, D Gatey 2017b: Aerodynamic roughness parameters in cities: inclusion of vegetation Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.07.016
- S2000
Schmid HP, Grimmond CSB, Cropley F, Offerle B, Su H (2000) Measurements of CO2 and energy fluxes over a mixed hardwood forest in the mid-westerm United States. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 103, 357-374.
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Ruimy A, Jarvis PG, Baldocchi DD, Saugier B (1995) CO2 Fluxes over Plant Canopies and Solar Radiation: A Review. Advances in Ecological Research, 26.
- SL04
Sailor DJ, Lu L (2004) A top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas. Atmospheric Environment. 38, 2737-2648.
- B2017
Bellucco V, Marras S, Grimmond CSB, Jarvi L, Sirca C, Spano D (2017) Modelling the biogenic CO2 exchange in urban and non-urban ecosystems through the assessment of light-response curve parameters. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 236, 113-122.
- FWC2002
Flanagan LB, Wever LA, Carlson PJ (2002) Seasonal and interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a northern temperate grassland. Global Change Biology. 8, 599-615.
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Järvi L, Nordbo A, Junninen H, Riikonen A, Moilanen J, Nikinmaa E, Vesala T (2012) Seasonal and annual variation of carbon dioxide surface fluxes in Helsinki, Finland, in 2006-2010. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 8475-8489.
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Brutsaert, W. (2005), Hydrology: an introduction, Cambridge Univ Pr, Cambridge.
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Harman IN, Finnigan JJ (2007) A simple uni ed theory for flow in the canopy and roughness sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 123(2):339–363
- HF08
Harman, IN, Finnigan, JJ (2008) Scalar concentration profiles in the canopy and roughness sublayer. Boundary-layer meteorol, 129(3), 323–351.
- T19
Theeuwes NE, Ronda RJ, Harman IN, Christen A, Grimmond CSB (2019) Parametrizing Horizontally Averaged Wind and Temperature Profiles in the Urban Roughness Sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 173: 321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00472-1
- J19
Järvi, L., Havu, M., Ward, H. C., Bellucco, V., McFadden, J. P., Toivonen, T., et al. (2019). Spatial modeling of local‐scale biogenic and anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in Helsinki. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029576